Discrete element modeling of ice loads on ship hulls in broken ice fields

Ice loads on a ship hull affect the safety of the hull structure and the ship maneuvering performance in ice-covered regions. A discrete element method （DEM） is used to simulate the interaction between drifting ice floes and a moving ship. The pancake ice floes are modelled with three-dimensional （3-D） dilated disk elements considering the buoyancy, drag force and additional mass induced by the current. The ship hull is modelled with 3D disks with overlaps. Ice loads on the ship hull are determined through the contact detection between ice floe element and ship hull element and the contact force calculation. The influences of different ice conditions （current velocities and directions, ice thicknesses, concentrations and ice floe sizes） and ship speeds are also examined on the dynamic ice force. The simulated results are compared qualitatively well with the existing field data and other numerical results. This work can be helpful in the shil3 structure design and the navigation securitv in ice-covered fields.

Research on Propeller Dynamic Load Simulation System of Electric Propulsion Ship

A dynamic marine propeller simulation system was developed, which is utilized for meeting the experimental requirement of theory research and engineering design of marine electric propulsion system. By applying an actual ship parameter and its accurate propeller J＇ -KT＇ and J＇ - Kp＇ curve data, functional experiments based on the simulation system were carried out. The experiment results showed that the system can correctly emulate the propeller characteristics, produce the dynamic and steady performances of the propeller under different navigation modes, and present actual load torque for electric propulsion motor.

Numerical study on wave loads and motions of two ships advancing in waves by using three-dimensional translating-pulsating source

A frequency domain analysis method based on the three-dimensional translating-pulsating （3DTP） source Green function is developed to investigate wave loads and free motions of two ships advancing on parallel course in waves. Two experiments are carried out respectively to mea- sure the wave loads and the free motions for a pair of side-by- side arranged ship models advancing with an identical speed in head regular waves. For comparison, each model is also tested alone. Predictions obtained by the present solution are found in favorable agreement with the model tests and are more accurate than the traditional method based on the three dimensional pulsating （3DP） source Green function. Numer- ical resonances and peak shift can be found in the 3DP pre- dictions, which result from the wave energy trapped in the gap between two ships and the extremely inhomogeneous wave load distribution on each hull. However, they can be eliminated by 3DTP, in which the speed affects the free sur- face and most of the wave energy can be escaped from the gap. Both the experiment and the present prediction show that hydrodynamic interaction effects on wave loads and free motions are significant. The present solver may serve as a validated tool to predict wave loads and motions of two ves- sels under replenishment at sea, and may help to evaluate the hydrodynamic interaction effects on the ships safety in replenishment operation.

Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Vibration Characteristics of a Loaded Ship Model

In this paper, the vibration characteristics of the structure in the finite fluid domain are analyzed using a coupled finite element method. The added mass matrix is calculated with finite element method （FEM） by 8-node acoustic fluid elements. The vibration characteristics of the structure in the finite fluid domain are calculated combining structure FEM mass matrix. By writing relevant programs, the numerical analysis on vibration characteristics of a submerged cantilever rectangular plate in finite fluid domain and loaded ship model is performed. A modal identification experiment for the loaded ship model in air and in water is conducted and the experiment results verify the reliability of the numerical analysis. The numerical method can be used for further research on vibration characteristics and acoustic radiation problems of the structure in the finite fluid domain.

Stability Analysis of Bohai Oil-Drilling Ship No. 6 Under Static and Cyclic Loads

This paper presents a procedure to calculate the safety factor against sliding of a marine gravity structure subjected to a combination of static and cyclic loads. This procedure claculates the stress at the sliding surface by the finite element method (FEM) and takes the dynamic properties of clay into account. With this procedure, the stability of a Bohai oil-drilling ship is analyzed. The calculated safety factor is much smaller than 1, indicating that this oil-drilling ship would fail just as what had happened to it.

SYNCHRONOUS EFFECT OF SLIPPING HEAVY LOADS ON RO-RO SHIP ROLLING IN WAVES

Common effect of wave and slip of internal vehicles will make rolling of the roll-on ship serious. This is one of the important reasons for overturn of ro-ro ships. The multibody system with a floating base is composed of ro-ro ship and slipping vehicles. Takes the rolling angle of the ship and the transverse displacements of the slipping vehicles on desk as freedoms. Making use of the analysis of apparent gravitation and apparent buoyancy, the wave rolling moment is derived. By means of dynamic method of multibody system, dynamic equations of the system are established. Taking a certain channel ferry as an example, a set of numerical calculation have been carried out for rolling response of the multibody system with a floating base of a ro-ro ship and displacements response of the slipping vehicles under common effect of free slipping vehicles and wave, and a conclusion has been drawn that the motion of the numerous free slipping heavy loads will trend to be synchronous under restraining of the side-wall bulkhead with time because of repeated collision.

Method for Calculating the Ultimate Strength of Pitting Corrosion Ship Structural Plates Under Combined Loads

In order to solve the problem of calculating the ultimate strength of marine plate under pitting corrosion,the plate taking from marine with pitting corrosion was studied. Based on the data of pitting corrosion recorded,the concept of pitting corrosion characteristic element matrix was proposed to describe the distribution and the forms of pitting. Moreover,the model of sensitivity calculation was established to analyse the sensitivity of pitting corrosion characteristic elements for the ultimate bearing capacity of ship structural plate. A new approach was proposed to calculate the ultimate strength of pitting damaged ship structural plate under combined loads based on the factor of rigidity reduction. Simultaneously this new approach was proven to be validated by finite element simulation. Finally,formula of ultimate strength of pitting damaged ship hull plate was established by series of numerical calculations based on the approach,and the reliability of the formula was validated as well.

极地船型冰区强弱构件冰载荷分配

为了探究极地船型冰区结构横骨架式次要构件(骨材)与主要支撑构件(PSM)之间连接构件处的冰载荷分配规律,提出适用于骨材与PSM间连接构件处载荷的工程实用化计算方法。基于国际船级社协会极地船级规范中的设计冰载荷,提出横骨架式构件在设计冰载作用下由骨材承载分配至PSM处的载荷的工程实用化计算方法;将《散货船和油船共同结构规范》(HCSR)中的强弱构件间载荷分配方法拓展应用于极地船型冰区骨材与PSM间冰载荷分配中,在某极地科考船舯部冰带区有限元模型外板上施加设计冰载荷,根据舷侧横骨架式典型节点的应力计算出骨材与PSM间连接构件处的冰载荷值。计算结果表明,通过数值计算得到的载荷值与采用工程实用化计算方法得到的载荷值基本一致,HCSR中强弱构件间载荷分配方法可应用于极地船型中,横骨架式由骨材承载分配至PSM处的冰载荷工程实用化计算方法有效,研究结果可为后续极地船型冰区结构连接构件结构设计提供设计输入。

基于云计算的舰船通信网络动态负载均衡控制方法

针对舰船通信网络通信环境复杂、用户需求不确定、影响通信均衡性等问题、提出基于云计算的舰船通信网络动态负载均衡控制方法。利用Ryu控制器获取监控舰船通信网络状态,获取网络负载。创建云计算平台虚拟机,实现执行舰船通信网络动态负载均衡任务调度任务。选取最高迁移概率的物理机结果作为云计算平台虚拟机迁移结果,通过虚拟机的迁移与关闭操作,更新虚拟机的综合权值,实现舰船通信网络动态负载均衡控制。实验结果表明,该方法可实现舰船通信网络的动态负载均衡控制,负载均衡度高于0.7,可有效提升舰船通信网络的资源利用率。

基于虚拟直流电机控制的船舶高频高峰值脉冲负载冲击平抑控制策略研究

高频高峰值脉冲负载对具有弱惯量特性的船舶电力系统呈现较大的功率冲击影响,严重时会造成船舶发电机组振荡停机。针对这一问题,该文首先建立典型脉冲负载的数学模型,研究脉冲负载功率特性及其对船舶电力系统冲击机理。根据研究结果,提出采用超级电容冲击平抑装置平抑脉冲功率。其次,通过分析虚拟直流电机(VDG)运行机理,确定通过VDG控制提升双向DC-DC变换器惯量的可行性。基于以上研究,推导双向DC-DC变换器的小信号模型及系统传递函数,分析虚拟转动惯量及虚拟阻尼对平抑装置稳定性的影响。然后,提出一种适用于脉冲负载稳态运行和暂态突变的平抑装置控制策略。最后,基于RT Box 3半实物仿真平台,搭建了具有平抑装置的船舶电力系统模型,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

集装箱船典型装载工况下的重心位置估算方法

对于集装箱船结构评估中加速度公式所需重心位置进行研究。以10艘集装箱船为研究对象,选取规范校核的典型装载工况,参照《散货船和油船共同结构规范》中的公式开展重心位置对比。研究发现,采用《散货船和油船共同结构规范》中的公式所得结果与实际值相差较大,该公式不适用于集装箱船。在此基础上,中国船级社在其《集装箱船结构规范》中提出一种新的集装箱船重心位置估算公式。另选5艘集装箱船,通过将采用该估算公式所得结果与实际值相对比,验证该估算公式合理、实用。

基于无基准动态位移监测的江苏某高桩码头变位特征与安全预警

高桩码头服役环境复杂,船舶与门机等可变荷载作用下结构变位安全问题突出。然而,高桩码头通常不具备参照基准,且在离岸严苛条件下服役是常态,动态位移监测成为挑战。采用码头无基准动态位移监测技术,对江苏某高桩码头进行实时位移监测。详细分析门机作业和船舶撞击条件下码头位移响应规律,基于码头适用性、安全性提出该码头的两级预警指标。结合数值仿真计算,提出该码头不同吨级船舶靠泊建议。研究表明:门机的作业位置是影响码头位移响应大小的直接因素。码头第一结构段在船舶撞击作用下,因引桥等边界条件的影响,导致A_(2)监测点的位移响应在X、Y方向上均较大。一级预警指标由码头主要荷载作用组合的最大值推算,位移响应值为15.39 mm。二级预警指标由混凝土抗拉极限应力值为评判标准,位移响应值为19.14 mm。相应地,1万吨级船舶靠泊时法向速度不应超过0.19 m/s, 5 000吨级船舶靠泊时法向速度不应超过0.22 m/s。

考虑负载和时延的船舶无线网络节点流量控制

针对船舶无线网络稳定性较差,易出现负载失衡、信息传输时延高的问题,研究考虑负载和时延的船舶无线网络节点流量控制方法。此方法利用有向图优化船舶无线网络结构与节点分层结构;计算船舶无线网络节点负载占用率与可用率,提取负载均衡的节点通信路径;使用基于RTT的拥塞流量分配算法,以缩短延时为目标,考虑负载和时延的船舶无线网络节点流量控制。实验结果显示:此方法使用后,船舶紧急业务、关键业务、普通业务在无线网络中分组投递率提升,解决了负载失衡问题;紧急业务端到端时延低于100 ms,关键业务与普通业务端到端时延低于1 000 ms,流量控制效果较好。

舰艇爆炸毁伤与防护若干关键问题研究进展

大型水面舰船和潜艇是支撑海军空间立体化作战的主要装备和移动平台,随着战斗部毁伤威力和制导精度的日益提高,加之毁伤载荷的多元化,其生存环境面临愈加严峻的挑战,因而开展舰艇爆炸毁伤与防护研究具有十分重要的意义。爆炸载荷下舰艇结构的毁伤与防护是一个涉及爆炸力学、流体力学、结构动力学、材料学等多学科融合的交叉性问题,仍存在诸多难题有待研究。针对其中涉及的若干关键问题,围绕近年来国内外在舰艇爆炸载荷特性、毁伤响应机制及其防护技术与装备等方面的研究进展进行系统概述,指出当前研究存在的不足,并对舰艇爆炸毁伤与防护的发展趋势进行展望,旨在为未来舰艇高效毁伤与防护研究提供有价值的参考。

港船多能源融合技术体系构建与运行模式研究

为充分利用港口地区丰富的风、光可再生资源,构建了由“源网荷储”四部分组成的港船多能源融合系统,建立了状态监测与能量管理系统保证港船多能源融合系统的安全运行,制定了包括横向多能互补和纵向“源网荷储”协调互动的港船多能源融合系统运行模式。港船多能源融合系统可以实现新能源、清洁能源的综合利用,减少CO_(2)等温室气体的排放,有助于“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的实现。

极地船舶实测冰载荷极值预报研究综述

冰载荷是造成极地船舶结构损伤的重要载荷来源。文章介绍了线载荷与冰压力2种形式的冰载荷实测原理,系统阐述了冰载荷短期极值预报和长期极值预报方法体系,论述了冰载荷极值预报与船体结构安全评估的重要关联,并对冰载荷极值预报的发展趋势与存在的关键问题进行了分析。研究结果可为极地船舶安全与可靠性评估提供指导与参考。

基于神经网络的船舶综合电力系统负荷组合预测研究

随着纯电动船舶的高速发展,其用电负荷在电力市场交易中的影响日渐突出,为此该文提出一种船舶综合电力系统负荷神经网络组合预测方法,旨在提高预测精度。首先,分析纯电动船舶综合电力系统在多种工况下的负荷特性。然后,研究基于典型神经网络的船舶综合电力系统负荷预测方法,揭示其在复杂工况下预测的局限性。针对以上问题,提出了基于BP和RBF神经网络相结合的船舶综合电力系统负荷组合预测方法。此组合预测方法集合了BP和RBF神经网络模型的优势,提高了预测模型的泛化能力和容错率。最后,以江苏某纯电动船舶为实际算例,针对复杂工况下的船舶综合电力系统负荷进行对比预测。结果表明,所提方法与单一预测算法相比,预测精度从96.63%提高至98.98%。

大外飘船舶首部砰击模型试验研究

船舶砰击载荷对其结构和航行安全都有重要影响,针对大外飘船舶首部砰击载荷特性开展模型试验研究。分别采用刚体船模和分段弹性船模在拖曳水池完成了不同波高下大外飘船舶首部砰击模型试验,分析船模刚度对首部砰击压力测量结果的影响。在小波高下,刚体船模和分段弹性船模试验得到的砰击压力结果相差不大;在大波高下,刚体船模试验得到的砰击压力比分段弹性船模试验结果偏大。研究分段弹性船模不同位置的砰击压力分布规律,砰击发生时,越靠近船首位置砰击载荷越大,越靠近船底砰击载荷越大。

船舶骑冰事故下船体梁结构强度特征分析

[目的]针对船体梁与冰层相互作用后的结构强度变化问题,提出骑冰工况下船体梁结构强度分析方法,揭示相应的结构强度特征。[方法]首先,建立船体梁结构强度分析模型,并根据各分段属性建立对应的船体梁载荷分析模型;然后,在载荷分析模型中求解得到骑冰工况的浮力分布并代入结构强度分析模型中,以考虑骑冰带来的浮力变化;最后,施加重力及冰层支反力,进行结构强度计算,并分析抬升位置和抬升高度对船体梁浮力、剪力、弯矩以及局部应力分布的影响。[结果]结果显示,当船首抬升高度变化时,船体梁存在浮力与剪力不随抬升高度变化的点,该点分别位于船体梁后半段以及船中;当抬升位置位于球鼻艏时,该部位的舷侧外板更接近于垂直,不利于抵抗冰层支反力,导致高应力面积相对较大,更危险。[结论]采用所提方法能够计算船体梁结构在船首大幅度抬升情况下的结构响应,计算效率高,可初步判断危险骑冰工况下船体梁的结构强度。

Reflection on the Human-Nature Relationship: Reinterpretation of Emily Dickinson’s “My Life had stood——a Loaded Gun”

Emily Dickenson’s poems have long enjoyed considerable acclaims from critics and common readers for her delicate and profound writing of life and death,love,nature,etc.Her short poem“My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun”is one receiving relatively few academic discussion.Among the rather few existent studies,many discuss Dickenson’s feminist ideas,religious bewilderment,literary creation views or even personal feeling in this poem.This article,instead,gives an interpretation of this poem from an ecocritical perspective.It points out that Emily Dickenson in this poem expresses her condemnation on human’s cruelty and indiffer?ence to nature.After a thorough interpretation of Dickenson’s reflection on human-nature relationship in this poem,the article fur?ther explores Dickenson’s attitudes toward nature through her personal writing background and clues in her other works to support this interpretation.