Shipping accidents are unexpected events that result in financial loss and properties,damages and either loss of people.Several reasons as human errors,technical failures,natural conditions,shipping factors,route cond...Shipping accidents are unexpected events that result in financial loss and properties,damages and either loss of people.Several reasons as human errors,technical failures,natural conditions,shipping factors,route conditions and cargo related factors play role in these accidents.Unfortunately,shipping accidents are inevitable cases of maritime field,in contravention of creative and innovative technologies in shipping sector and execution of precautionary safety rules and regulations.Marine accidents adversely affect the human,the marine environment,properties and activities aboard ships and ashore in various forms and degree of extent.The effects of accidents vary from minor injuries to fatalities and from insignificant damage to very severe damage to the environment and property.The cost of accidents,including fatalities and injuries,damage to property and the environment,prevention and mitigating measures,and insurance accounts for a considerable share of transport costs.Main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of shipping accidents on marine environment in Albanian Seas.Within this scope firstly,the literature related shipping accidents and marine environment were handled.Then,the statistics of shipping accidents and marine environment in Albanian Seas were analyzed.Finally,future projections were provided in the light of presented matters and current developments.展开更多
Ro-Ro vessels for cargo and passengers （RoPax） are a relatively new concept that has proven to be popular in the Mediterranean region and is becoming more widespread in Northern Europe. Due to its design characteris...Ro-Ro vessels for cargo and passengers （RoPax） are a relatively new concept that has proven to be popular in the Mediterranean region and is becoming more widespread in Northern Europe. Due to its design characteristics and amount of passengers, although less than a regular passenger liner, accidents with RoPax vessels have far reaching consequences both for economical and for human life. The objective of this paper is to identify hazards related to casualties of RoPax vessels. The terminal casualty events chosen are related to accident and incident statistics for this type of vessel. This paper focuses on the identification of the basic events that can lead to an accident and the performance requirements. The hazard identification is carried out as the first step of a Formal Safety Assessment （FSA） and the modelling of the relation between the relevant events is made using Fault Tree Analysis （FTA）. The conclusions of this study are recommendations to the later steps of FSA rather than for decision making （Step 5 of FSA）. These recommendations will be focused on the possible design shortcomings identified during the analysis by fault trees throughout cut sets. Also the role that human factors have is analysed through a sensitivity analysis where it is shown that their influence is higher for groundings and collisions where an increase of the initial probability leads to the change of almost 90% of the accident occurrence.展开更多
In the evening of October 17, 2012, the vessel Hangjun 12 of Changhang Wuhan Engineering Bureau was struck by lightning when working in Malaysia red ridge channel. In the lightning accident, the weather instrument of ...In the evening of October 17, 2012, the vessel Hangjun 12 of Changhang Wuhan Engineering Bureau was struck by lightning when working in Malaysia red ridge channel. In the lightning accident, the weather instrument of the ship was destroyed by the lightning to the ground, and the electronic information equipment in the vessel was influenced by induction lightning, which had damaged the electronic information system and elec- trical equipment. According to the Code for Design Protection of Structures against Lightning （ GB 50057-2010）, this lightning accident suffered by Hangjun 12 was analyzed theoretically from aspects of the protection scope of the two lightning reds, main measures against lightning electromag- netic impulse, and specific reasons for the lightning accident. Finally, some measures to prevent the ship from being struck by lightning were put forward, such as improving countermeasures against direct lightning flash, enhancing equipotential bonding and shielding measures and so forth.展开更多
It is estimated that $3.2 billion worth of ships was totally lost （2008-2013）. In addition, 1,788 ships were involved in MMA （major marine accidents） （2004-2008）. However, 70% of those accidents took place in on...It is estimated that $3.2 billion worth of ships was totally lost （2008-2013）. In addition, 1,788 ships were involved in MMA （major marine accidents） （2004-2008）. However, 70% of those accidents took place in only a quarter of the geographical areas. That is the focus of this study. Hurst＇s generalization of Einstein＇s formula for a random time series requires that MMA should cover a distance proportional to the square root of time. The Hurst exponent is derived from the ＂Rescaled Range Analysis＂ using MATLAB （2009）. The Hurst exponent is 0.50 for a random time series, and this was found to be the case for MMA, in tons of carrying capacity over time. However, considering the time series in relation to the 12 geographical areas, the Hurst exponent for 1,788 MMA was found to be 0.43, which is less than 0.50. This indicates that the time series, related to geographical area, is anti-persistent/non-random. The ships damaged in MMA totaled 27.55 million dwt, and 31% of that tonnage was damaged in the North Sea and Baltic area, 20% in the Mediterranean and Black Sea and 19% in the China Sea. These research findings challenge the assumptions who generally believe that MMA are random in relation to geography.展开更多
Marine accidents often result in significant losses of human life, environmental damage, and property destruction. Additionally, ships and offshore plants are large-scale and complex systems, making safety assessments...Marine accidents often result in significant losses of human life, environmental damage, and property destruction. Additionally, ships and offshore plants are large-scale and complex systems, making safety assessments challenging. However, the advent of onboard electronic systems has made it possible to monitor and respond more effectively. These new technologies can enhance safety levels while reducing the workload on crews. In this paper, authors analyze recent accidents involving ships with high structures above the water, such as car carriers or RoPax vessels, and propose preventive safety indicators to help prevent similar accidents from recurring.展开更多
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has encouraged its member countries to introduce Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for ship operations since the end of the last century. FSA can be used through certain form...The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has encouraged its member countries to introduce Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for ship operations since the end of the last century. FSA can be used through certain formal assessing steps to generate effective recommendations and cautions to control marine risks and improve the safety of ships. On the basis of the brief introduction of FSA, this paper describes the ideas of applying FSA to the prevention of human error in ship operations. It especially discusses the investigation and analysis of the information and data using navigation simulators and puts forward some suggestions for the introduction and development of the FSA research work for safer ship operations.展开更多
In the present analysis, several parameters used in a numerical simulation are investigated in an integrated study to obtain their influence on the process and results of this simulation. The parameters studied are el...In the present analysis, several parameters used in a numerical simulation are investigated in an integrated study to obtain their influence on the process and results of this simulation. The parameters studied are element formulation, friction coefficient, and material model. Numerical simulations using the non-linear finite element method are conducted to produce virtual experimental data for several collision scenarios. Pattern and size damages caused by collision in a real accident case are assumed as real experimental data, and these are used to validate the method. The element model study performed indicates that the Belytschko-Tsay element formulation should be recommended for use in virtual experiments. It is recommended that the real value of the friction coefficient for materials involved is applied in simulations. For the study of the material model, the application of materials with high yield strength is recommended for use in the side hull structure.展开更多
Having carried out investigations on ship collision accidents with bridges in waterway in China, a database of ship collision with bridge (SCB) is developed in this paper. It includes detailed information about more t...Having carried out investigations on ship collision accidents with bridges in waterway in China, a database of ship collision with bridge (SCB) is developed in this paper. It includes detailed information about more than 200 accidents near ship's waterways in the last four decades, in which ships collided with the bridges. Based on the information a statistical analysis is presented tentatively. The increase in frequency of ship collision with bridges appears, and the accident quantity of the barge system is more than that of single ship. The main reason of all the factors for ship collision with bridge is the human errors, which takes up 70%. The quantity of the accidents happened during flooding period shows over 3～6 times compared with the period from March to June in a year. The probability follows the normal distribution according to statistical analysis. Visibility, span between piers also have an effect on the frequency of the accidents.展开更多
文摘Shipping accidents are unexpected events that result in financial loss and properties,damages and either loss of people.Several reasons as human errors,technical failures,natural conditions,shipping factors,route conditions and cargo related factors play role in these accidents.Unfortunately,shipping accidents are inevitable cases of maritime field,in contravention of creative and innovative technologies in shipping sector and execution of precautionary safety rules and regulations.Marine accidents adversely affect the human,the marine environment,properties and activities aboard ships and ashore in various forms and degree of extent.The effects of accidents vary from minor injuries to fatalities and from insignificant damage to very severe damage to the environment and property.The cost of accidents,including fatalities and injuries,damage to property and the environment,prevention and mitigating measures,and insurance accounts for a considerable share of transport costs.Main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of shipping accidents on marine environment in Albanian Seas.Within this scope firstly,the literature related shipping accidents and marine environment were handled.Then,the statistics of shipping accidents and marine environment in Albanian Seas were analyzed.Finally,future projections were provided in the light of presented matters and current developments.
文摘Ro-Ro vessels for cargo and passengers （RoPax） are a relatively new concept that has proven to be popular in the Mediterranean region and is becoming more widespread in Northern Europe. Due to its design characteristics and amount of passengers, although less than a regular passenger liner, accidents with RoPax vessels have far reaching consequences both for economical and for human life. The objective of this paper is to identify hazards related to casualties of RoPax vessels. The terminal casualty events chosen are related to accident and incident statistics for this type of vessel. This paper focuses on the identification of the basic events that can lead to an accident and the performance requirements. The hazard identification is carried out as the first step of a Formal Safety Assessment （FSA） and the modelling of the relation between the relevant events is made using Fault Tree Analysis （FTA）. The conclusions of this study are recommendations to the later steps of FSA rather than for decision making （Step 5 of FSA）. These recommendations will be focused on the possible design shortcomings identified during the analysis by fault trees throughout cut sets. Also the role that human factors have is analysed through a sensitivity analysis where it is shown that their influence is higher for groundings and collisions where an increase of the initial probability leads to the change of almost 90% of the accident occurrence.
文摘In the evening of October 17, 2012, the vessel Hangjun 12 of Changhang Wuhan Engineering Bureau was struck by lightning when working in Malaysia red ridge channel. In the lightning accident, the weather instrument of the ship was destroyed by the lightning to the ground, and the electronic information equipment in the vessel was influenced by induction lightning, which had damaged the electronic information system and elec- trical equipment. According to the Code for Design Protection of Structures against Lightning （ GB 50057-2010）, this lightning accident suffered by Hangjun 12 was analyzed theoretically from aspects of the protection scope of the two lightning reds, main measures against lightning electromag- netic impulse, and specific reasons for the lightning accident. Finally, some measures to prevent the ship from being struck by lightning were put forward, such as improving countermeasures against direct lightning flash, enhancing equipotential bonding and shielding measures and so forth.
文摘It is estimated that $3.2 billion worth of ships was totally lost （2008-2013）. In addition, 1,788 ships were involved in MMA （major marine accidents） （2004-2008）. However, 70% of those accidents took place in only a quarter of the geographical areas. That is the focus of this study. Hurst＇s generalization of Einstein＇s formula for a random time series requires that MMA should cover a distance proportional to the square root of time. The Hurst exponent is derived from the ＂Rescaled Range Analysis＂ using MATLAB （2009）. The Hurst exponent is 0.50 for a random time series, and this was found to be the case for MMA, in tons of carrying capacity over time. However, considering the time series in relation to the 12 geographical areas, the Hurst exponent for 1,788 MMA was found to be 0.43, which is less than 0.50. This indicates that the time series, related to geographical area, is anti-persistent/non-random. The ships damaged in MMA totaled 27.55 million dwt, and 31% of that tonnage was damaged in the North Sea and Baltic area, 20% in the Mediterranean and Black Sea and 19% in the China Sea. These research findings challenge the assumptions who generally believe that MMA are random in relation to geography.
文摘Marine accidents often result in significant losses of human life, environmental damage, and property destruction. Additionally, ships and offshore plants are large-scale and complex systems, making safety assessments challenging. However, the advent of onboard electronic systems has made it possible to monitor and respond more effectively. These new technologies can enhance safety levels while reducing the workload on crews. In this paper, authors analyze recent accidents involving ships with high structures above the water, such as car carriers or RoPax vessels, and propose preventive safety indicators to help prevent similar accidents from recurring.
文摘The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has encouraged its member countries to introduce Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for ship operations since the end of the last century. FSA can be used through certain formal assessing steps to generate effective recommendations and cautions to control marine risks and improve the safety of ships. On the basis of the brief introduction of FSA, this paper describes the ideas of applying FSA to the prevention of human error in ship operations. It especially discusses the investigation and analysis of the information and data using navigation simulators and puts forward some suggestions for the introduction and development of the FSA research work for safer ship operations.
文摘In the present analysis, several parameters used in a numerical simulation are investigated in an integrated study to obtain their influence on the process and results of this simulation. The parameters studied are element formulation, friction coefficient, and material model. Numerical simulations using the non-linear finite element method are conducted to produce virtual experimental data for several collision scenarios. Pattern and size damages caused by collision in a real accident case are assumed as real experimental data, and these are used to validate the method. The element model study performed indicates that the Belytschko-Tsay element formulation should be recommended for use in virtual experiments. It is recommended that the real value of the friction coefficient for materials involved is applied in simulations. For the study of the material model, the application of materials with high yield strength is recommended for use in the side hull structure.
文摘Having carried out investigations on ship collision accidents with bridges in waterway in China, a database of ship collision with bridge (SCB) is developed in this paper. It includes detailed information about more than 200 accidents near ship's waterways in the last four decades, in which ships collided with the bridges. Based on the information a statistical analysis is presented tentatively. The increase in frequency of ship collision with bridges appears, and the accident quantity of the barge system is more than that of single ship. The main reason of all the factors for ship collision with bridge is the human errors, which takes up 70%. The quantity of the accidents happened during flooding period shows over 3～6 times compared with the period from March to June in a year. The probability follows the normal distribution according to statistical analysis. Visibility, span between piers also have an effect on the frequency of the accidents.
