起爆位置和装药形状对水下爆炸冲击波压力有较为显著的影响,这使得利用小当量装药在局部方向形成与大当量装药一定程度等效的冲击波成为可能。为了能够在小当量装药条件下开展舰船结构及设备抗水下爆炸冲击实验,基于细长装药结构和参数...起爆位置和装药形状对水下爆炸冲击波压力有较为显著的影响,这使得利用小当量装药在局部方向形成与大当量装药一定程度等效的冲击波成为可能。为了能够在小当量装药条件下开展舰船结构及设备抗水下爆炸冲击实验,基于细长装药结构和参数优化设计,设计了一种冲击波压力幅值和持续时间可调的装药方法。首先,基于简单波理论给出了水下爆炸冲击波压力调控的原理,以及装药参数优化设计的目标函数和约束条件;然后,采用自主数值模拟软件研究了细长装药的水下爆炸能量输出规律,通过实验验证了数值模拟的置信度,研究发现起爆位置和装药形状对水下爆炸冲击波压力峰值和持续时间的影响是显著的,在炸药爆速一定的情况下,长药柱水下爆炸冲击波压力的持续时间可通过几何近似确定;最后,为了进一步考察该方法的有效性,以1000 kg TNT和100 m爆距的水下爆炸冲击波压力-时间曲线作为原型,设计了2种与该原型冲击波压力等效的装药方案,并通过数值模拟进行了验证。研究结果表明:设计的装药能够在预定的持续时间内,在装药起爆端一侧形成与原型等效的冲击波压力-时间曲线。由于没有考虑对气泡载荷的等效,因此该调控方法仅适用于中远场爆炸冲击问题。展开更多
In a fusion reactor,due to high heat flux（HHF） loads,the plasma facing components（PFCs） will suffer severe thermal shock.In this paper,the temperature distribution and thermal-stress field of tungsten armor under ...In a fusion reactor,due to high heat flux（HHF） loads,the plasma facing components（PFCs） will suffer severe thermal shock.In this paper,the temperature distribution and thermal-stress field of tungsten armor under HHF loads were investigated by the method of finite element modeling and simulating.The orthogonal experiment and range analysis were employed to compare the influence degree of four representative factors：steady-state heat flux;thickness of tungsten armor;inner diameter of cooling tube and the coefficient of convection heat transfer（CCHF） of cooling water,on thermal shock behavior tungsten mock-ups,and then get an optimization model to conduct the transient heat flux experiment.The final simulation results indicated that the steady-state heat flux and the thickness of W armor are the main influential factors for the maximum temperature of mock-ups.Furthermore,the influence of transient thermal shock all mainly concentrates on the shallow surface layer of tungsten（about 500 μm） under different transient heat flux（duration 0.5 ms）.The results are useful for the structural design and the optimization of tungsten based plasma facing materials for the demonstration reactor（DEMO） or other future reactors.展开更多
文摘起爆位置和装药形状对水下爆炸冲击波压力有较为显著的影响,这使得利用小当量装药在局部方向形成与大当量装药一定程度等效的冲击波成为可能。为了能够在小当量装药条件下开展舰船结构及设备抗水下爆炸冲击实验,基于细长装药结构和参数优化设计,设计了一种冲击波压力幅值和持续时间可调的装药方法。首先,基于简单波理论给出了水下爆炸冲击波压力调控的原理,以及装药参数优化设计的目标函数和约束条件;然后,采用自主数值模拟软件研究了细长装药的水下爆炸能量输出规律,通过实验验证了数值模拟的置信度,研究发现起爆位置和装药形状对水下爆炸冲击波压力峰值和持续时间的影响是显著的,在炸药爆速一定的情况下,长药柱水下爆炸冲击波压力的持续时间可通过几何近似确定;最后,为了进一步考察该方法的有效性,以1000 kg TNT和100 m爆距的水下爆炸冲击波压力-时间曲线作为原型,设计了2种与该原型冲击波压力等效的装药方案,并通过数值模拟进行了验证。研究结果表明:设计的装药能够在预定的持续时间内,在装药起爆端一侧形成与原型等效的冲击波压力-时间曲线。由于没有考虑对气泡载荷的等效,因此该调控方法仅适用于中远场爆炸冲击问题。
基金the financial supports from the ITER-National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program(Nos.2014 GB123000 and 2010 GB109000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51172016)
文摘In a fusion reactor,due to high heat flux（HHF） loads,the plasma facing components（PFCs） will suffer severe thermal shock.In this paper,the temperature distribution and thermal-stress field of tungsten armor under HHF loads were investigated by the method of finite element modeling and simulating.The orthogonal experiment and range analysis were employed to compare the influence degree of four representative factors：steady-state heat flux;thickness of tungsten armor;inner diameter of cooling tube and the coefficient of convection heat transfer（CCHF） of cooling water,on thermal shock behavior tungsten mock-ups,and then get an optimization model to conduct the transient heat flux experiment.The final simulation results indicated that the steady-state heat flux and the thickness of W armor are the main influential factors for the maximum temperature of mock-ups.Furthermore,the influence of transient thermal shock all mainly concentrates on the shallow surface layer of tungsten（about 500 μm） under different transient heat flux（duration 0.5 ms）.The results are useful for the structural design and the optimization of tungsten based plasma facing materials for the demonstration reactor（DEMO） or other future reactors.
