An approach of transmission network expan-sion planning with embedded constraints of short circuit currents and N-1 security is proposed in this paper.The problem brought on by the strong nonlinearity property of shor...An approach of transmission network expan-sion planning with embedded constraints of short circuit currents and N-1 security is proposed in this paper.The problem brought on by the strong nonlinearity property of short circuit currents is solved with a linearization method based on the DC power flow.The model can be converted to a mixed-integer linear programming problem,realizing the optimization of planning model that considers the constraints of linearized short circuit currents and N-1 security.To compensate the error caused by the assump-tions of DC power flow,the compensation factor is pro-posed.With this factor,an iterative algorithm that can compensate the linearization error is then presented.The case study based on the IEEE 118-bus system shows that the proposed model and approach can be utilized to:opti-mize the construction strategy of transmission lines;ensure the N-1 security of the network;and effectively limit the short circuit currents of the system.展开更多
Based on simple analytical equations, short circuit current density (Jsc) of the organic bulk heterojunction solar cells has been calculated. It is found that the optical interference effect plays a very important r...Based on simple analytical equations, short circuit current density (Jsc) of the organic bulk heterojunction solar cells has been calculated. It is found that the optical interference effect plays a very important role in the determination of Jsc; and obvious oscillatory behaviour of Jsc was observed as a function of thickness. At the same time, the influence of the carrier lifetime on Jsc also cannot be neglected. When the carrier lifetime is relatively short, Jsc only increases at the initial stage and then decreases rapidly with the increase of active layer thickness. However, for a relatively long carrier lifetime, the exciton dissociation probability must be considered, and Jsc behaves wave-like with the increase of active layer thickness. The validity of this model is confirmed by the experimental results.展开更多
A current identification method based on optimized variational mode decomposition(VMD)and sample entropy(SampEn)is proposed in order to solve the problem that the main protection of the urban rail transit DC feeder ca...A current identification method based on optimized variational mode decomposition(VMD)and sample entropy(SampEn)is proposed in order to solve the problem that the main protection of the urban rail transit DC feeder cannot distinguish between train charging current and remote short circuit current.This method uses the principle of energy difference to optimize the optimal mode decomposition number k of VMD;the optimal VMD for DC feeder current is decomposed into the intrinsic modal function(IMF)of different frequency bands.The sample entropy algorithm is used to perform feature extraction of each IMF,and then the eigenvalues of the intrinsic modal function of each frequency band of the current signal can be obtained.The recognition feature vector is input into the support vector machine model based on Bayesian hyperparameter optimization for training.After a large number of experimental data are verified,it is found that the optimal VMD_SampEn algorithm to identify the train charging current and remote short circuit current is more accurate than other algorithms.Thus,the algorithm based on optimized VMD_SampEn has certain engineering application value in the fault current identification of the DC traction feeder.展开更多
Due to increased penetration of renewable energies,DC links and other emerging technologies,power system operation and planning have to cope with various uncertainties and risks.In order to solve the problems of excee...Due to increased penetration of renewable energies,DC links and other emerging technologies,power system operation and planning have to cope with various uncertainties and risks.In order to solve the problems of exceeding short circuit current and multi-infeed DC interaction,a coordinated optimization method is presented in this paper.Firstly,a branch selection strategy is proposed by analyzing the sensitivity relationship between current limiting measures and the impedance matrix.Secondly,the impact of network structure changes on the multi-infeed DC system is derived.Then the coordinated optimization model is established,which considers the cost and effect of current limiting measures,the tightness of network structure and the voltage support capability of AC system to multiple DCs.Finally,the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II combining with the branch selection strategy,is used to find the Pareto optimal schemes.Case studies on a planning power system demonstrated the feasibility and speediness of this method.展开更多
Ultra-stable piezoelectric nanogenerator(PENG)driven by environmental actuation sources with all-weather service capability is highly desirable.Here,the PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC nanohole arrays(NHAs)is proposed to...Ultra-stable piezoelectric nanogenerator(PENG)driven by environmental actuation sources with all-weather service capability is highly desirable.Here,the PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC nanohole arrays(NHAs)is proposed to harvest ambient energy under low/high temperature and relative humidity(RH)conditions.Finite element method simulation of N doped 4H-SiC NHAs in compression mode is developed to evaluate the relationship between nanohole diameter and piezoelectric performance.The density of short circuit current of the assembled PENG reaches 313 nA cm^(-2),which is 1.57 times the output of PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC nanowire arrays.The enhancement can be attributed to the existence of nanohole sidewalls in NHAs.All-weather service capability of the PENG is verified after being treated at-80/80℃and 0%/100%RH for 50 days.The PENG is promising to be widely used in practice worldwide to harvest biomechanical energy and mechanical energy.展开更多
The G551D-CFTR mutation causing cystic fibrosis(CF) results from a missense mutation at codon 551(G551D) in the gene encoding of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR). The G551D mutation in CFT...The G551D-CFTR mutation causing cystic fibrosis(CF) results from a missense mutation at codon 551(G551D) in the gene encoding of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR). The G551D mutation in CFTR results in a reduced functional channel but G551D-CFTR is appropriately inserted in the apical membrane. In previous studies we discovered a class of high-affinity bicyclooctane(BCO) G551D-CFTR activators(G551D_ BCOs) with K_d down to 1 μmol/L. In this study, we analyzed the pharmacological activation of G551D-CFTR by the G551D_ BCOs by means of short circuit current analysis and cell-based fluorescence quenching assay. The G551D_ BCOs-induced G551D-CFTR activation is cAMP-dependent and is less sensitive to thiazolidinone CFTR inhibitor CFTRinh-172. These data suggest that (1) the phosphorylation of G551D-CFTR by protein kinase A is required for the activation by G551D_ BCOs; (2) G551D_ BCOs and CFTRinh-172 may act at the same site on the G551D-CFTR molecule.展开更多
A 500 kV high-voltage AC fault current limiter(FCL)based on a high coupled split reactor(HCSR)is pro-posed by the National key R&D project team.Low impedance under normal conditions and high impedance under short-...A 500 kV high-voltage AC fault current limiter(FCL)based on a high coupled split reactor(HCSR)is pro-posed by the National key R&D project team.Low impedance under normal conditions and high impedance under short-circuit conditions are accomplished by the cooperation of HCSR and high-speed switches.High-speed switches play an important role in current limiting processes,thus interruption characteristics of the high-speed switch in the 500 kV FCL are studied in this paper.The simulation model of the FCL and the external equivalent power grid are established.The short-circuit current and recovery voltage characteristics of the high-speed switch in FCL are simulated.The results show that maximum DC component of the short-circuit current of the high-speed switch reaches 91%,the maximum peak value is 118 kA,and the longest arcing time is 14.8 ms.There is a discontinuity in the curve of the short-circuit current peak and arcing time as a function of the short-circuit occurrence time;the peak recovery voltage of a single break of the high-speed switch has a maximum value of 87.5 kV under a three-phase ungrounded short-circuit condition,and the rate of rise of recovery voltage is o.22 kV/s.The recovery voltage peak shows a period change with the short-circuit occurrence time,and the period is 10 ms.The effects of the shunt capacitor value and short-circuit ground resistance on the recovery voltage of high-speed switching are also studied.The research can be used for reference by R&D personnel and testersof500kVFCLs.Index Terms-Fault current limiter(FCL),high coupled split reactor(HCSR),high-speed switch,interruption characteristics,short circuit current.展开更多
The hybrid sensitizer rhodamine B and coumarin or eosin and coumarin is used to sensitize nanocrystalline porous films. Absorption of the nanoerystalline photovoltaic cell (NPC) is improved in visible light. The per...The hybrid sensitizer rhodamine B and coumarin or eosin and coumarin is used to sensitize nanocrystalline porous films. Absorption of the nanoerystalline photovoltaic cell (NPC) is improved in visible light. The performance of these cells is more effective than that of cells sensitized only by sensitizer rhodamine B or eosin. In the simulative solar light, cell sensitized by hybrid sensitizer rhodamine B and coumarin can get open circuit voltage (VOC) of 550 mV and short circuit current (ISC) of 0.1375 mA/cm^2.展开更多
Double-layer emitters with different doping concentrations (DLE) have been designed and prepared for amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (ct-Si:H/c-Si) hetero- junction solar cells. Compared with the traditiona...Double-layer emitters with different doping concentrations (DLE) have been designed and prepared for amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (ct-Si:H/c-Si) hetero- junction solar cells. Compared with the traditional single layer emitter, both the experiment and the simulation (AFORS-HET, http://www.paper.edu.cn/html/releasepaper/2014/04/282/) prove that the double-layer emitter increases the short circuit current of the cells significantly. Based on the quantum efficiency (QE) results and the current-voltage-temperature analysis, the mechanism for the experimental results above has been investigated. The possible reasons for the increased current include the enhancement of the QE in the short wavelength range, the increase of the tunneling probability of the current transport and the decrease of the activation energy of the emitter layers.展开更多
基金This work was supported by National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2013BAA01B02)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51325702,51407100).
文摘An approach of transmission network expan-sion planning with embedded constraints of short circuit currents and N-1 security is proposed in this paper.The problem brought on by the strong nonlinearity property of short circuit currents is solved with a linearization method based on the DC power flow.The model can be converted to a mixed-integer linear programming problem,realizing the optimization of planning model that considers the constraints of linearized short circuit currents and N-1 security.To compensate the error caused by the assump-tions of DC power flow,the compensation factor is pro-posed.With this factor,an iterative algorithm that can compensate the linearization error is then presented.The case study based on the IEEE 118-bus system shows that the proposed model and approach can be utilized to:opti-mize the construction strategy of transmission lines;ensure the N-1 security of the network;and effectively limit the short circuit currents of the system.
文摘Based on simple analytical equations, short circuit current density (Jsc) of the organic bulk heterojunction solar cells has been calculated. It is found that the optical interference effect plays a very important role in the determination of Jsc; and obvious oscillatory behaviour of Jsc was observed as a function of thickness. At the same time, the influence of the carrier lifetime on Jsc also cannot be neglected. When the carrier lifetime is relatively short, Jsc only increases at the initial stage and then decreases rapidly with the increase of active layer thickness. However, for a relatively long carrier lifetime, the exciton dissociation probability must be considered, and Jsc behaves wave-like with the increase of active layer thickness. The validity of this model is confirmed by the experimental results.
基金This project supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11872253).
文摘A current identification method based on optimized variational mode decomposition(VMD)and sample entropy(SampEn)is proposed in order to solve the problem that the main protection of the urban rail transit DC feeder cannot distinguish between train charging current and remote short circuit current.This method uses the principle of energy difference to optimize the optimal mode decomposition number k of VMD;the optimal VMD for DC feeder current is decomposed into the intrinsic modal function(IMF)of different frequency bands.The sample entropy algorithm is used to perform feature extraction of each IMF,and then the eigenvalues of the intrinsic modal function of each frequency band of the current signal can be obtained.The recognition feature vector is input into the support vector machine model based on Bayesian hyperparameter optimization for training.After a large number of experimental data are verified,it is found that the optimal VMD_SampEn algorithm to identify the train charging current and remote short circuit current is more accurate than other algorithms.Thus,the algorithm based on optimized VMD_SampEn has certain engineering application value in the fault current identification of the DC traction feeder.
基金This work was supported by State Grid Corporation of China,Major Projects on Planning and Operation Control of Large Scale Grid under Grant SGCC-MPLG020-2012.
文摘Due to increased penetration of renewable energies,DC links and other emerging technologies,power system operation and planning have to cope with various uncertainties and risks.In order to solve the problems of exceeding short circuit current and multi-infeed DC interaction,a coordinated optimization method is presented in this paper.Firstly,a branch selection strategy is proposed by analyzing the sensitivity relationship between current limiting measures and the impedance matrix.Secondly,the impact of network structure changes on the multi-infeed DC system is derived.Then the coordinated optimization model is established,which considers the cost and effect of current limiting measures,the tightness of network structure and the voltage support capability of AC system to multiple DCs.Finally,the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II combining with the branch selection strategy,is used to find the Pareto optimal schemes.Case studies on a planning power system demonstrated the feasibility and speediness of this method.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52025041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974021,51902020,51904021)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of NO.FRF-TP-18-045A1 and FRF-TP-19-004B2Zthe National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20180034)This project is supported by open foundation of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials,Guangxi University(Grant No.2021GXYSOF12).
文摘Ultra-stable piezoelectric nanogenerator(PENG)driven by environmental actuation sources with all-weather service capability is highly desirable.Here,the PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC nanohole arrays(NHAs)is proposed to harvest ambient energy under low/high temperature and relative humidity(RH)conditions.Finite element method simulation of N doped 4H-SiC NHAs in compression mode is developed to evaluate the relationship between nanohole diameter and piezoelectric performance.The density of short circuit current of the assembled PENG reaches 313 nA cm^(-2),which is 1.57 times the output of PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC nanowire arrays.The enhancement can be attributed to the existence of nanohole sidewalls in NHAs.All-weather service capability of the PENG is verified after being treated at-80/80℃and 0%/100%RH for 50 days.The PENG is promising to be widely used in practice worldwide to harvest biomechanical energy and mechanical energy.
文摘The G551D-CFTR mutation causing cystic fibrosis(CF) results from a missense mutation at codon 551(G551D) in the gene encoding of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR). The G551D mutation in CFTR results in a reduced functional channel but G551D-CFTR is appropriately inserted in the apical membrane. In previous studies we discovered a class of high-affinity bicyclooctane(BCO) G551D-CFTR activators(G551D_ BCOs) with K_d down to 1 μmol/L. In this study, we analyzed the pharmacological activation of G551D-CFTR by the G551D_ BCOs by means of short circuit current analysis and cell-based fluorescence quenching assay. The G551D_ BCOs-induced G551D-CFTR activation is cAMP-dependent and is less sensitive to thiazolidinone CFTR inhibitor CFTRinh-172. These data suggest that (1) the phosphorylation of G551D-CFTR by protein kinase A is required for the activation by G551D_ BCOs; (2) G551D_ BCOs and CFTRinh-172 may act at the same site on the G551D-CFTR molecule.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB0904300)。
文摘A 500 kV high-voltage AC fault current limiter(FCL)based on a high coupled split reactor(HCSR)is pro-posed by the National key R&D project team.Low impedance under normal conditions and high impedance under short-circuit conditions are accomplished by the cooperation of HCSR and high-speed switches.High-speed switches play an important role in current limiting processes,thus interruption characteristics of the high-speed switch in the 500 kV FCL are studied in this paper.The simulation model of the FCL and the external equivalent power grid are established.The short-circuit current and recovery voltage characteristics of the high-speed switch in FCL are simulated.The results show that maximum DC component of the short-circuit current of the high-speed switch reaches 91%,the maximum peak value is 118 kA,and the longest arcing time is 14.8 ms.There is a discontinuity in the curve of the short-circuit current peak and arcing time as a function of the short-circuit occurrence time;the peak recovery voltage of a single break of the high-speed switch has a maximum value of 87.5 kV under a three-phase ungrounded short-circuit condition,and the rate of rise of recovery voltage is o.22 kV/s.The recovery voltage peak shows a period change with the short-circuit occurrence time,and the period is 10 ms.The effects of the shunt capacitor value and short-circuit ground resistance on the recovery voltage of high-speed switching are also studied.The research can be used for reference by R&D personnel and testersof500kVFCLs.Index Terms-Fault current limiter(FCL),high coupled split reactor(HCSR),high-speed switch,interruption characteristics,short circuit current.
基金This work was supported by the Foundation of the innovation of Northwest Polytechnical University under Grant No. M016204.
文摘The hybrid sensitizer rhodamine B and coumarin or eosin and coumarin is used to sensitize nanocrystalline porous films. Absorption of the nanoerystalline photovoltaic cell (NPC) is improved in visible light. The performance of these cells is more effective than that of cells sensitized only by sensitizer rhodamine B or eosin. In the simulative solar light, cell sensitized by hybrid sensitizer rhodamine B and coumarin can get open circuit voltage (VOC) of 550 mV and short circuit current (ISC) of 0.1375 mA/cm^2.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 61306084, 61464007), Open Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion (Grant no. NJ20160032), and Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province, China (Grant no. 2016BBH80043).
文摘Double-layer emitters with different doping concentrations (DLE) have been designed and prepared for amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (ct-Si:H/c-Si) hetero- junction solar cells. Compared with the traditional single layer emitter, both the experiment and the simulation (AFORS-HET, http://www.paper.edu.cn/html/releasepaper/2014/04/282/) prove that the double-layer emitter increases the short circuit current of the cells significantly. Based on the quantum efficiency (QE) results and the current-voltage-temperature analysis, the mechanism for the experimental results above has been investigated. The possible reasons for the increased current include the enhancement of the QE in the short wavelength range, the increase of the tunneling probability of the current transport and the decrease of the activation energy of the emitter layers.