Partitioning Calculation Method of Short-Circuit Current for High Proportion DG Access to Distribution Network

Aiming at the problemthat the traditional short-circuit current calculationmethod is not applicable to Distributed Generation(DG)accessing the distribution network,the paper proposes a short-circuit current partitioning calculation method considering the degree of voltage drop at the grid-connected point of DG.Firstly,the output characteristics of DG in the process of low voltage ride through are analyzed,and the equivalent output model of DG in the fault state is obtained.Secondly,by studying the network voltage distribution law after fault in distribution networks under different DG penetration rates,the degree of voltage drop at the grid-connected point of DG is used as a partition index to partition the distribution network.Then,iterative computation is performed within each partition,and data are transferred between partitions through split nodes to realize the fast partition calculation of short-circuit current for high proportion DG access to distribution network,which solves the problems of long iteration time and large calculation error of traditional short-circuit current.Finally,a 62-node real distribution network model containing a high proportion of DG access is constructed onMATLAB/Simulink,and the simulation verifies the effectiveness of the short-circuit current partitioning calculation method proposed in the paper,and its calculation speed is improved by 48.35%compared with the global iteration method.

Linear numerical calculation method for obtaining critical point,pore fluid,and framework parameters of gas-bearing media

Up to now, the primary method for studying critical porosity and porous media are experimental measurements and data analysis. There are few references on how to numerically calculate porosity at the critical point, pore fluid-related parameters, or framework-related parameters. So in this article, we provide a method for calculating these elastic parameters and use this method to analyze gas-bearing samples. We first derive three linear equations for numerical calculations. They are the equation of density p versus porosity Ф, density times the square of compressional wave velocity p Vp^2 versus porosity, and density times the square of shear wave velocity pVs^2 versus porosity. Here porosity is viewed as an independent variable and the other parameters are dependent variables. We elaborate on the calculation steps and provide some notes. Then we use our method to analyze gas-bearing sandstone samples. In the calculations, density and P- and S-velocities are input data and we calculate eleven relative parameters for porous fluid, framework, and critical point. In the end, by comparing our results with experiment measurements, we prove the viability of the method.

Design calculation of porous ceramics tube type dew point indirect evaporative cooler

To improve the wall surface hydrophilicity of a tube type indirect evaporative cooler,a new method adopting porous ceramics is proposed.This method realizes the combination of porous ceramics and the evaporative cooling technique.The design calculation of the porous ceramics tube type dew point indirect evaporative cooler are carried out from such aspects as the volumes and status parameters of the primary and secondary air,the cooler structure,the heat transfer of the solid porous ceramic tubes and the resistance of the cooler.The calculation results show that the design is reasonable.Finally,based on the design calculation,the porous ceramics tube type dew point indirect evaporative cooler is successfully manufactured.

Numerical Calculation of Seafloor Synthetic Seismograms Caused by Low Frequency Point Sound Source

Elastic wave on seafloor caused by low frequency noise radiated from ship is called ship seismic wave which can be used to identify ship target. In order to analyze the wave components and the propagating properties of ship seismic wave, the numerical calculation of synthetic seismograms on seafloor aroused by a low frequency point sound source is carried out using a wave number integration technique combined with inverse Fourier transform. According to the numerical example of hard seafloor, the time series of seismic wave on seafloor are mostly composed of interface waves and normal mode waves. Each normal mode wave has a well defined low cut-off frequency, while the interface wave doesn't have. The frequency dispersion of normal mode wave is obvious when frequency is lower than 100Hz, while the interface wave is dispersive only in the infra-sound frequency range. The time series of seismic wave is dominated by the interface wave when the source frequency is less than the minimal cut-off frequency of normal mode wave.

Some recent advances in ab initio calculations of nonradiative decay rates of point defects in semiconductors

In this short review,we discuss a few recent advances in calculating the nonradiative decay rates for point defects in semiconductors.We briefly review the debates and connections of using different formalisms to calculate the multi-phonon processes.We connect Dr.Huang's formula with Marcus theory formula in the high temperature limit,and point out that Huang's formula provide an analytical expression for the phonon induced electron coupling constant in the Marcus theory formula.We also discussed the validity of 1D formula in dealing with the electron transition processes,and practical ways to correct the anharmonic effects.

Ab initio calculations on the spectroscopic constants, vibrational levels and classical turning points for the 2^1Пu state of dimer ^7Li2

The accurate dissociation energy and harmonic frequency for the highly excited 2^1Пu state of dimer ^7Li2 have been calculated using a symmetry-adapted-cluster configuration-interaction method in complete active space. The calculated results are in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. The potential energy curves at numerous basis sets for this state are obtained over a wide internuclear separation range from about 2.4a0 to 37.0a0. And the conclusion is gained that the basis set 6-311＋＋G（d,p） is a most suitable one. The calculated spectroscopic constants De, Re, ωe, ωeχe, ae and Be at 6-311＋＋G（d,p） are 0.9670 eV, 0.3125 nm, 238.6 cm^-1, 1.3705 cm^-1, 0.0039 cm^-1 and 0.4921 cm^-1, respectively. The vibrational levels are calculated by solving the radial SchrSdinger equation of nuclear motion. A total of 53 vibrational levels are found and reported for the first time. The classical turning points have been computed. Comparing with the measurements, in which only the first nine vibrational levels have been obtained so far, the present calculations are very encouraging. A careful comparison of the present results of the parameters De and We with those obtained from previous theories clearly shows that the present calculations are much closer to the measurements than previous theoretical results, thus representing an improvement on the accuracy of the ab initio calculations of the potentials for this state.

Practical Equivalent Method of Power Network Based on PSASP Short-Circuit Calculation Program

When using the ATP-EMTP software to simulate the electromagnetic transient of local line or nearby line for a large area power grid, it is necessary to divide the area grid into internal network and external network so as to make the external network simple for the restriction of the simulation calculation scale of software. Based on the existing equivalence method, in this paper we proposed a practical equivalent method using the short-circuit calculation program of PSASP. In this way, we completed the equivalence of northwest power grid operating at the large mode of summer 2016. By comparing the power flow and the characteristics of short-circuit in the system before and after the equivalence, this equivalent method is proved to be correct.

Research of Pure Electric Ferry System and Its Short-Circuit Protection and Calculation

System control and safety reliability are important links of the marine DC (Direct Current) power system. The simulationmodel is built by Matlab/Simulink, the battery and super-capacitor are supplied to the system through a three-phase interleaved DC/DCconverter, the fuse and disconnector switch combination are used as the protection device, and the short-circuit point is set betweeneach branch and the DC distribution board, performing short-circuit simulation. This paper also proposes a short-circuit calculationmethod for super-capacitors based on the simplified model of series RC (Resistors & Capacitors), and verifies its correctness throughsimulation data. The results show that the introduction of a three-phase interleaved DC/DC converter reduces the current ripple andmakes the system control more convenient;short-circuit calculation and simulation have determined the short-circuit withstandcapability of the DC distribution board, and verified the feasibility of the fuse selection method and the short-circuit calculation methodof the super-capacitor. This provides reliable verification for the application and calculation of the actual project.

Three Dimensional Laser Point Cloud Slicing Method for Calculating Irregular Volume

Volume parameter is the basic content of a spatial body object morphology analysis.However,the challenge lies in the volume calculation of irregular objects.The point cloud slicing method proposed in this study effectively works in calculating the volume of the point cloud of the spatial object obtained through three-dimensional laser scanning(3DLS).In this method,a uniformly spaced sequent slicing process is first conducted in a specific direction on the point cloud of the spatial object obtained through 3DLS.A series of discrete point cloud slices corresponding to the point cloud bodies are then obtained.Subsequently,the outline boundary polygon of the point cloud slicing is searched one by one in accordance with the slicing sequence and areas of the polygon.The point cloud slice is also calculated.Finally,the individual point cloud section volume is calculated through the slicing areas and the adjacent slicing gap.Thus,the total volume of the scanned spatial object can be calculated by summing up the individual volumes.According to the results and analysis of the calculated examples,the slice-based volume-calculating method for the point cloud of irregular objects obtained through 3DLS is correct,concise in process,reliable in results,efficient in calculation methods,and controllable on accuracy.This method comes as a good solution to the volume calculation of irregular objects.

Hydrogen Incorporation in Crystalline Jadeite: Insight from First Principles Calculations

Hydrogen incorporation is critical for explaining defect energies, structure parameters and other physical characteristics of minerals and understanding mantle dynamics. This work analyzed the hydrogen complex defects in jadeite by the plane-wave pseudo-potential method based on density functional theory, and optimized the atomic positions and lattice constants in all configurations （different defective systems）. Incorporation mechanisms considered for hydrogen （H） in jadeite include： （1） hydrogen incorporating with the 02 site oxygen and coexisting with M2 vacancy; （2） one H atom combined with an AI atom replacing Si in tetrahedron; （3） 4H atoms directly replacing Si in tetrahedron and （4） 3H atoms replacing Al on the M1 site. The four incorporation mechanisms mentioned above form the corresponding VNa-Hi, Alsi-Hi, Vsi-4Hi and VAr3Hi point defects. The molecular dynamics simulation to the ideal, VNa-Hi, Alsi-Hi, Vsi-4Hi and VAr3Hi point defects under the P-T conditions of 900 K, 2 GPa, the Vsa-Hi and Alsi-Hi point defects under different pressures at T = 900 K, and Alsj-Hj point defects under different temperatures at P = 3 GPa was performed to examine the preferential mode of hydrogen incorporation in jadeite by means of first-principles calculations. The calculations show that the averaged O-H bond-length in the hydrogen point defects system decreased in the order of Alsi-Hi, VNa-HI, Vsl-4Hf and VAI-3Hi. VNa-HI complex defects result in a contraction of the jadeite volume and the presence of Alsi-Hi, Vsi-4H~ and VAI-3Hi defects could increase the superceli volume, which is the most obvious in the VAt-3Hi defects. The energy of formation of Also-HI and VA[-3HI complex defects was much lower than that of other defect systems. The VAI-3Hi defects system has the lowest energy and the shortest O-H bond-length, suggesting that this system is the most favorable. The analytical results of vacancy formation energy, O-H bond- length, and the stability of the hydrogen defects in jadeite have suggested that the preferred hydration incorporation mode in jadeite is VAI-3Hi complex defect.

Modified Weighting for Calculating the Average Concentration of Non-Point Source Pollutant

The concentration of runoff depends upon that of soil loss and the latter is assumed to be linear to the value of EI that equals the product of total storm energy E times the maximum 30-min intensity I 30 for a given rainstorm. Usually, the maximum accumulative amount of rain for a rainstorm might bring on the maximum amount of runoff, but it does not equal the maximum erosion and not always lead the maximum concentration. Thus, the average concentration weighted by amount of runoff is somewhat unreasonable. An improvement for the calculation method of non-point source pollution load put forward by professor Li Huaien is proposed. In replacement of the weight of runoff, EI value of a single rainstorm is introduced as a new weight. An example of Fujing River watershed shows that its application is effective.

主动配电网潮流的全纯嵌入计算方法

配电网潮流计算是进行配电网规划和运行的重要基础。目前,配电网潮流求解方法主要有牛拉(Newton Raphson,NR)法和前推回代(forward backward substitution,FBS)法两大类,但NR法和FBS法在潮流收敛性和计算效率等方面均存在一定的不足。全纯嵌入法(holomorphic embedding method,HEM)是一种求解非线性潮流方程的新方法,它可以有效避免NR法和FBS法在配电网潮流求解过程中出现的上述问题,但现有HEM未充分考虑配电网中各类型分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)和智能软开关(soft open point,SOP)控制方式的多样性,且未构建计及负荷电压特性和频率特性的潮流模型,难以适用于不同运行模式下配电网潮流计算。针对上述问题,提出一种可求解含多类型DG和SOP且可运行在并网/孤岛模式的主动配电网统一全纯嵌入潮流计算方法。首先,根据负荷静态电压和频率特性,构建计及配电网频率和节点电压影响的负荷节点全纯嵌入潮流模型;其次,根据DG不同的控制方式以及配电网不同的运行模式,将DG所连节点等效为不同节点类型,构建各类DG的全纯嵌入潮流模型;再次,考虑SOP不同控制方式,构建SOP全纯嵌入潮流模型;从次,依据全纯嵌入潮流模型等式左右两侧同次幂级数系数相等原则,推导配电网各全纯函数幂级数系数的求解递推关系式,进而计算各全纯函数的各项幂级数系数,借助解析延拓理论求取电压和频率逼近值,实现配电网潮流的准确求解;最后,通过修改的IEEE-33节点测试系统和IEEE-123节点测试系统验证所提方法准确性和有效性。

基于自适应源项离散的点核积分方法计算效率优化研究

点核积分方法面对多源项的复杂场景或是需要对辐射场进行动态更新的情形存在计算耗时较长的问题。针对该问题,通过点核积分程序CIRPDose对圆柱体源、长方体源等5类源项离散引起的误差随计算点与源距离的变化规律进行模拟计算,并提出了一种基于自适应源项离散的点核积分计算效率优化方法。在将该方法集成到CIRPDose程序后,通过自定义算例对其进行测试,测试结果显示,相比传统的固定离散数目,各类型源项在自适应离散方法下的辐射场计算用时最大缩短96.77%,且计算结果平均偏差最大值仅为3.19%,验证了所提方法的可靠性和有效性。研究工作可为核设施内的三维γ辐射场快速计算提供技术支持。

融合GLAS与Landsat的湖泊蓄水量季节性监测及预测

为实现高海拔区域湖泊蓄水量监测与预测,提出了一种融合ICESat/GLAS与Landsat数据监测并预测湖泊蓄水量季节性变化的方法。利用随机森林对GLAS激光脚点自动分类,解决湖面非水体与水体目标分类难的问题;结合水体指数和大津法自动分割Landsat数据中的水体,降低不规则边界的影响;联合GLAS和Landsat数据,构建高时间分辨率的水位、面积与蓄水量时序列变化关系,解决两类数据观测信息缺失及观测时间不匹配的问题;并利用LSTM模型,预测蓄水量变化。以西藏纳木错湖为例,对上述方法进行验证,结果显示2003-2009年纳木错湖水位上升1.15 m,面积增加25.58 km2,蓄水量增加2.30 km^(3);预测2010-2016年蓄水量增加1.16 km^(3),与实际情况相符。结果表明,该方法可为生态环境的动态监测提供数据支撑。

沥青路面表面纹理三维评价方法及其计算边界条件分析

为了综合评价沥青路面表面纹理的三维特征,推广表面纹理三维评价方法的应用,提出了一套适用性强、计算边界条件明晰的沥青路面表面纹理三维评价指标。首先,利用激光纹理扫描仪采集了不同沥青路面表面纹理的三维点云数据,并分别基于灰度共生矩阵理论和表面纹理偏离基准面的均匀程度,构建了表面纹理水平三维评价指标f_(8mac)、f_(9mac)、f_(8mic)、f_(9mic)和表面纹理分布均匀性三维评价指标σ;然后,以铺砂法、步行式摩擦系数仪和组合表面纹理分布均匀性的测试结果为基准,通过对比三维评价指标和现有二维评价指标与基准指标的相关性,验证了三维评价指标的有效性和优越性;最后,基于表面纹理三维评价指标的计算过程,明确了表面纹理三维评价指标的计算边界条件。研究结果表明:f_(8mac)和f_(8mic)与基准指标的相关系数R分别为0.934 8和0.803 0,优选f_(8mac)和f_(8mic)为表面纹理水平三维评价指标;现有的二维评价指标难以准确表征表面纹理的三维分布状态,指标σ可以有效地评价沥青路面表面纹理的三维分布均匀性;只有在相同的计算边界条件下,表面纹理三维评价指标才具有可比性。研究成果有望为沥青路面表面纹理三维评价方法的推广应用提供理论借鉴。

基于多角度Kinect v2的羊只三维模型重构方法研究

羊只的体尺参数是衡量其生长发育状况、生产性能和遗传特性的关键指标。重建羊只的三维模型可以为自动化获取多种羊只体尺参数提供数据基础,因此提出一种基于多角度Kinect v2的羊只三维模型重构方法。该方法通过放置在羊只顶部和左右两个侧面的Kinect v2设备,获取羊只的三维点云数据;利用这些数据中的点云之间的相对位置关系,进行点云坐标的转换和初始配准;采用ICP算法进行精确配准建立三维模型。结果表明:当Kinect v2深度相机高度为120 cm、俯视角为30°时,获取的点云质量较高,自动配准的平均误差为0.233 cm,平均耗时为12.89 s。根据模型计算出的羊只体高、体斜长、十字部高和腰脚宽等体尺参数与实际测量平均误差均在5%以内。

降阶技术与监测点数据融合驱动的油浸式变压器绕组瞬态温升快速计算方法

为了提高油浸式电力变压器绕组瞬态温升的计算效率,提出了一种基于离散监测点的温度场降阶计算方法。该方法以绕组内部若干离散监测点的温度信息为输入,以基于本征正交分解的降阶算法为载体,建立瞬态过程中温度场的快速反演模型,从而实现从监测点数据到温度场全域的快速计算。首先分析了本征正交分解算法的降阶特性,在此基础上建立了从场域内离散监测点数据到降阶模态,再到温度场全域的快速计算策略。为了验证算法的有效性,该文根据油浸式电力变压器绕组结构特点建立二维八分区分匝绕组传热模型,并对比了所提出的降阶计算方法与全阶计算方法的精度和效率,结果表明,二者的最大平均计算偏差仅为1.03 K,摄氏温标下温升的最大平均相对误差不超过5%,且降阶计算时间仅为0.18 s,相较于全阶计算获得了较高的效率提升。最后,依靠110 kV油浸式变压器绕组温升试验平台,通过测量绕组实际的温升情况,对算法的性能进一步验证,相关结果表明所提算法各时刻的计算结果与测量结果相比最大误差不超过4.67 K,且各测量线饼的平均误差不超过1.02 K,在工程上属于可接受的范围。同时,所提算法对绕组瞬态温升全过程的计算时间仅为3.40s,初步实现了实际工程场景下对于绕组瞬态温升快速计算的要求。

基于无人机影像匹配点云的土石方量计算

针对传统土石方量测量中存在受地形限制、耗时费力、成本高等问题,提出一种基于无人机影像匹配点云的土石方量计算方法。使用单镜头多旋翼无人机获取玉林市某矿山区域范围内正射影像与倾斜影像,借助Pix4Dmapper软件对无人机影像进行处理与分析,提取矿山地表三维点云数据;利用布料模拟点云滤波算法对所获取的点云数据进行滤波处理,进而分离非地面点与地面点;同时利用局部多项式插值算法对地面点云缺失区域进行插值拟合,生成更加准确的地形特征;利用EPS软件对点云成果进行分析,计算矿山现状开采范围内的土石方量值。结果表明:基于无人机影像匹配点云的土方量计算所得结果与GNSS-RTK实测结果差值比为1.9%,计算方法具有可行性与可靠性,可作为土石方量计算新方法。

某型号运载火箭发射场模态试验技术

目的在取消传统的自由-自由状态全箭模态试验的前提下,通过发射场自由-固支状态模态试验获取某型号运载火箭的模态参数,为火箭总体设计提供依据。方法基于成熟型号相同部段的仿真模型和模态试验数据基础,建立高精度的全箭三维动力学模型,预示结构模态参数,为发射场模态试验的激励方案和测量方案等提供指导。通过多点全相干步进正弦激励模态试验方法,运用测试得到的“伪频响函数”进行参数识别,从而获取结构的模态参数。结果获得了发射场竖立状态下全箭前4阶弯曲模态和1阶扭转模态,基于“伪频响函数”的识别结果与真实频响函数的识别结果频率最大偏差为0.82%,阻尼比最大偏差为1.89%。结论某型号运载火箭的发射场模态试验为火箭总体设计提供了关键参数,型号首飞成功验证了该技术的可靠性,也为获取火箭模态参数开辟了一条新的路径。

基于3D空间点云模型的轴向柱塞泵配流盘过流面积计算方法

在轴向柱塞泵的工作过程中,通过配流盘进行高低压的循环切换,而配流盘的过流面积是影响柱塞泵内部压力平稳过渡的重要参数。为了完成对配流结构过流面积的求解计算,提出了一种基于多维流场点云的过流面积计算方法。首先,对配流盘流场的点云化过程进行了理论分析,得到了点云化处理的实施方法;然后,对配流盘三维流域模型进行了系列修正,提出了缓冲槽连通阶段模型的修正方法,提高了过流面积计算的准确性;最后,对不同配流阶段的过流面积进行了计算,并与理论测量所得结果以及采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟方法所得的结果,分别进行了对比。计算结果表明:基于多维流场点云的过流面积识别算法求得的过流面积峰值大小为174.5 mm 2,而理论测量值的大小为177.5 mm 2;二者的相对误差率大约为1.7%;而与基于CFD方法所得结果的整体相对误差率,大约在5%以内。研究结果表明:采用该方法,能够直接且较精准地完成对配流盘过流面积的求解与计算,有效地简化了过流面积变换趋势的求解过程。