An elastic-plastic analysis of short-leg shear wall structures during earthquakes

Short-leg shear wall structures are a new form of building structure that combine the merits of both frame and shear wall structures. Its architectural features, structure bearing and engineering cost are reasonable. To analyze the elastic-plastic response of a short-leg shear wall structure during an earthquake, this study modified the multiple-vertical-rod element model of the shear wall, considered the shear lag effect and proposed a multiple-vertical-rod element coupling beam model with a new local stiffness domain. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy and the variational principle, the stiffness matrixes of a short-leg shear wall and a coupling beam are derived in this study. Furthermore, the bending shear correlation for the analysis of different parameters to describe the structure, such as the beam height to span ratio, short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio, and steel ratio are introduced. The results show that the height to span ratio directly affects the structural integrity; and the short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio should be limited to a range of approximately 6.0 to 7.0. The design of short-leg shear walls should be in accordance with the ＂strong wall and weak beam＂ principle.

AN EFFICIENT ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR INTELLIGENT DESIGN RESULTS OF SHEAR WALL STRUCTURE BASED ON MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE,MATERIAL CONSUMPTION,AND EMPIRICAL RULES

Efficient methods for incorporating engineering experience into the intelligent generation and optimization of shear wall structures are lacking,hindering intelligent design performance assessment and enhancement.This study introduces an assessment method used in the intelligent design and optimization of shear wall structures that effectively combines mechanical analysis and formulaic encoding of empirical rules.First,the critical information about the structure was extracted through data structuring.Second,an empirical rule assessment method was developed based on the engineer's experience and design standards to complete a preliminary assessment and screening of the structure.Subsequently,an assessment method based on mechanical performance and material consumption was used to compare different structural schemes comprehensively.Finally,the assessment effectiveness was demonstrated using a typical case.Compared to traditional assessment methods,the proposed method is more comprehensive and significantly more efficient,promoting the intelligent transformation of structural design.

Analysis on Construction Quality Control Technology of Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall Structure

In the process of continuous development of construction enterprises, new requirements have been put forward for construction projects. By strengthening the construction quality control of reinforced concrete shear wall structure, the construction level of reinforced concrete can be continuously improved, the construction quality can be guaranteed, and the construction project can be successfully completed, which is worthy of extensive application and promotion in construction enterprises, thus providing a broader development space for construction enterprises.

Effect of Molecular Weight and Molecular Distribution on Skin Structure and Shear Strength Distribution near the Surface of Thin-Wall Injection Molded Polypropylene

In this study, the relationship between skin structure and shear strength distribution of thin-wall injection molded polypropylene (PP) molded at different molecular weight and molecular distribution was investigated. Skin-core structure, cross-sectional morphology, crystallinity, crystal orientation, crystal morphology and molecular orientation were evaluated by using polarized optical microscope, differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray spectroscopic analyzer and laser Raman spectroscopy, respectively, while the shear strength distribution was investigated using a micro cutting method called SAICAS (Surface And Interfacial Cutting Analysis System). The results indicated that the difference of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution showed own skin layer thickness. Especially, high molecular weight sample showed thicker layer of the lamellar orientation and molecular orientation than low molecular weight sample. In addition, wide molecular distribution sample showed large crystal orientation layer.

Lateral Performance for Wood-Frame Shear Walls–A Critical Review

Wood is a green material in line with the sustainable development strategy.From the excellent performance of engineering wood products,modern wood structures represented by light wood structures have gained more development opportunities.As an indispensable part of light wood structure systems,the wood-frame shear wall plays a vital role in the bearing capacity and earthquake resistance of light wood structure systems.This paper is focused on a review of the lateral performance of wood-frame shear walls and classifies the influencing factors in relevant experimental research into three categories,including internal factors such as shear wall structure,external factors such as test scheme,and other factors of material production and test process.Finally,the research prospects in this field were introduced based on the summary of the research status.This work can be a reference for further research on the lateral performance of wood-frame shear walls.

Structural Analysis of a RC Shear Wall by Use of a Truss Model

Purpose of present work is to develop a reliable and simple method for structural analysis of RC Shear Walls. The shear wall is simulated by a truss model as the bar of a truss is the simplest finite element. An iterative method is used. Initially, there are only concrete bars. Repeated structural analyses are performed. After each structural analysis, every concrete bar exceeding tensile strength is replaced by a steel bar. For every concrete bar exceeding compressive strength, first its section area is increased. If this is not enough, a steel bar is placed at the side of it. For every steel bar exceeding tensile or compressive strength, its section area is increased. After the end of every structural analysis, if all concrete and steel bars fall within tensile and compressive strengths, the output data are written and the analysis is terminated. Otherwise, the structural analysis is repeated. As all the necessary conditions (static, elastic, linearized geometric) are satisfied and the stresses of ALL concrete and steel bars fall within the tensile and compressive strengths, the results are acceptable. Usually, the proposed method exhibits a fast convergence in 4 - 5 repeats of structural analysis of the RC Shear Wall.

Transformation Matrix for Combined Loads Applied to Thin-Walled Structures

This paper transforms combined loads, applied at an arbitrary point of a thin-walled open section beam, to the shear centre of the cross-section of the beam. Therein, a generalized transformation matrix for loads with respect to the shear centre is derived, this accounting for the bimoments that develop due to the way the combined loads are applied. This and the authors’ earlier paper (World Journal of Mechanics 2021, 11, 205-236) provide a full solution to the theory of thin-walled, open-section structures bearing combined loading. The earlier work identified arbitrary loading with the section’s area properties that are necessary to axial and shear stress calculations within the structure’s thin walls. In the previous paper attention is paid to the relevant axes of loading and to the transformations of loading required between axes for stress calculations arising from tension/compression, bending, torsion and shear. The derivation of the general transformation matrix applies to all types of loadings including, axial tensile and compression forces, transverse shear, longitudinal bending. One application, representing all these load cases, is given of a simple channel cantilever with an eccentrically located end load.

DYNAMIC RESPONSE AND ENERGY DISSIPATION ANALYSIS OF THE WALL WITH HORIZONTAL SHORT KEYWAYS AND LOWRISE SHEARWALL

A new type of ductile lowrise shearwall with many short horizontalkeyways is proposed in this paper in order to improve the earthquake resistant behav-ior of ordinary lowrise shearwall.The behavior of this wall is studied through low-frequency cyclic loading test.Based on the test results,the paper puts forward thedifferent restoring force models for different lowrise shearwalls,and a program fortheir nonlinear dynamic analysis is worked out.Thr(?)h directly inputting earth-quake waves,the paper analyses the dynamic response and energy dissipation of 3types of lowrise shearwalls.The calculation results dem(?)strate that the newly de-vised ductile shearwall has good earthquake resistant behavior.

Seismic resilient shear wall structures:A state-of-the-art review

The ductile design principle has been widely adopted in seismic design of structures,so the main structural components are designed to have the dual functions of bearing and energy dissipation under the earthquake.In recent years,the intensity of major earthquakes occurred in China,Chile,New Zealand,and Japan had reached or exceeded the design level of the maximum credible earthquake.In most cases,the designed structures did not collapse and the casualties were small.However,many structures were seriously damaged and must be overhauled or rebuilt,resulting in huge economic losses.Therefore,researchers have paid more attention to the seismic resilient structures.The shear wall can provide an efficient lateral force resisting capacity and has a wide range of applications in building structures.This review firstly summarized the research advances of seismic resilient shear wall structures,mainly from three aspects:high-performance materials,replaceable components,and hybrid structural systems;then,the development of seismic performance analysis,design methods,and engineering applications of seismic resilient shear wall structures were presented;finally,the key issues that need to be explored in the future research were discussed,which was helpful for the wide application of seismic resilient shear wall structures.

Two-Point Statistics of Coherent Structure in Turbulent Flow

This review summarizes the coherent structures (CS) based on two-point correlations and their applications, with a focus on the interpretation of statistic CS and their characteristics. We review studies on this topic, which have attracted attention in recent years, highlighting improvements, expansions, and promising future directions for two-point statistics of CS in turbulent flow. The CS is one of typical structures of turbulent flow, transporting energy from large-scale to small-scale structures. To investigate the CS in turbulent flow, a large amount of two-point correlation techniques for CS identification and visualization have been, and are currently being, intensively studied by researchers. Two-point correlations with examples and comparisons between different methods are briefly reviewed at first. Some of the uses of correlations in both Eulerian and Lagrangian frames of reference to obtain their properties at consecutive spatial locations and time events are surveyed. Two-point correlations, involving space-time correlations, two-point spatial correlations, and cross correlations, as essential to theories and models of turbulence and for the analyses of experimental and numerical turbulence data are then discussed. The velocity-vorticity correlation structure (VVCS) as one of the statistical CS based on two-point correlations is reiterated in detail. Finally, we summarize the current understanding of two-point correlations of turbulence and conclude with future issues for this field.

Effect of coronary artery dynamics on the wall shear stress vector field topological skeleton in fluid–structure interaction analyses

In this paper,we investigate the impact of coronary artery dynamics on the wall shear stress(WSS)vector field topology by comparing fluid–structure interaction(FSI)and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)techniques.As one of the most common causes of death globally,coronary artery disease(CAD)is a significant economic burden;however,novel approaches are still needed to improve our ability to predict its progression.FSI can include the unique dynamical factors present in the coronary vasculature.To investigate the impact of these dynamical factors,we study an idealized artery model with sequential stenosis.The transient simulations made use of the hyperelastic artery and lipid constitutive equations,non‐Newtonian blood viscosity,and the characteristic out‐of‐phase pressure and velocity distribution of the left anterior descending coronary artery.We compare changes to established metrics of time‐averaged WSS(TAWSS)and the oscillatory shear index(OSI)to changes in the emerging WSS divergence,calculated here in a modified version to handle the deforming mesh of FSI simulations.Results suggest that the motion of the artery can impact downstream patterns in both divergence and OSI.WSS magnitude is also decreased by up to 57%due to motion in some regions.WSS divergence patterns varied most significantly between simulations over the systolic period,the time of the largest displacements.This investigation highlights that coronary dynamics could impact markers of potential CAD progression and warrants further detailed investigations in more diverse geometries and patient cases.

In-Plane Shear Performance of Wood-Framed Drywall Sheathing Wall Systems under Cyclic Racking Loading

A pilot study was conducted at Penn State University to determine whether the type of drywall joint compound would influence the shear strength of wood-frame stud walls sheathed with Gypsum Wall Board (GWB or drywall). In this study, five 2438 mm by 2438 mm specimens were tested under in-plane cyclic racking loading following the CUREE loading protocol for light-frame wall systems. Three specimens were finished using non-cement based joint compound while the other two used cement based joint compound. Based on the experimental testing of the specimens, the results show that the use of cement based joint compound on drywall joints produces higher shear capacity for the wall system as compared to similar specimens finished with conventional non-cement based joint compound. The result of the study is particularly important for high seismic regions where interior stud walls in residential construction effectively take part in seismic resistance even though wood shear walls are normally used on exterior walls.

Research on Seismic Design of High-Rise Buildings Based on Framed-Shear Structural System

Under the rapidly advancing economic trends,people’s requirements for the functionality and architectural artistry of high-rise structures are constantly increasing,and in order to meet such modern requirements,it is necessary to diversify the functions of high-rise buildings and complicate the building form.At present,the main structural systems of high-rise buildings are:frame structure,shear wall structure,frame shear structure,and tube structure.Different structural systems determine the size of the load-bearing capacity,lateral stiffness,and seismic performance,as well as the amount of material used and the cost.This project is mainly concerned with the seismic design of frame shear structural systems,which are widely used today.

Study on the Distribution Law of Horizontal Seismic Forces between Slab-Column and Shear Wall

In slab column-shear wall structures,both the whole structure′s seismic behavior and failure mode are greatly influenced by the distribution of horizontal seismic forces between slab-column and shear wall.In this paper,a pushover analysis of topical slab column-shear wall structure was carried out,the seismic shear force that the slab-column and shear wall should undertake was worked out,the influences of plastic internal force redistribution and structure stiffness characteristic value on horizontal seismic distribution were studied and the calculation formula was given.The analysis results showed that with the yield of the shear walls,the story shear force was undertaken by slab-columns correspondingly increased while with the decrease of characteristic value of stiffness of a structure,and the horizontal seismic force was undertaken by slab-columns correspondingly decreased.According to the code,the design of horizontal force distribution may be cause insecurity problems,so it is necessary to give the distribution law of horizontal seismic forces in slab-column shear wall structures as the supplement to the corresponding regulation of the Code.

钢管混凝土键连接框架梁和剪力墙的受剪性能

目的 研究钢管混凝土键连接框架梁和剪力墙的受剪性能,为工程应用提供设计依据。方法 应用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对比钢管混凝土键连接与现浇连接梁墙的结构受剪性能,分析前者受剪机理及不同因素对受剪性能的影响。结果 钢管混凝土键连接梁墙的结构承载力和延性系数较现浇结构分别提高约10%和34%;钢材强度从Q235到Q390,初始刚度增加8.44%;截面高度从100 mm到120 mm,延性系数提高17.73%;截面厚度每增加2 mm,承载力提高约15%;截面长度和混凝土强度等级对承载力、初始刚度和延性系数的影响均小于15%,纵向距离对其受剪性能几乎无影响。结论 采用钢管混凝土键连接梁墙的结构总体受剪性能优于现浇结构;钢材强度和截面厚度分别是影响初始刚度和承载力的主要因素。

装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能

为研究装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能,对1个足尺轻钢框架结构试件和3个足尺轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构试件进行了低周反复荷载下的抗震性能试验及理论分析,试件变量包括:2种装配构造,即内嵌式装配墙板、外贴式装配墙板;2种轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板,即框架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板、桁架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板。研究了各试件的破坏特征和损伤演化过程,分析了结构滞回特性、承载力、变形能力、刚度退化、耗能性能和应变。结果表明:装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构共同工作性能良好,其水平承载力相比轻钢框架提高了204.7%~210.4%,抗侧刚度提高了257.3%~512.5%,结构变形及耗能能力有显著提高;内嵌墙板的自攻钉连接构造以及外贴墙板的螺栓连接构造传力性能可靠,结构具备2道抗震防线的受力特征;基于简化塑性分析模型以及拉压杆软化桁架模型,对试件承载力进行了计算,计算结果与试验符合较好。

高层剪力墙结构多目标智能设计方法

高层剪力墙结构智能设计包括智能建模和智能优化两个环节。目前智能建模环节缺乏梁自动化布置和荷载自动化布置;智能优化环节只考虑材料成本而未考虑施工的便捷性。此外,现有的智能设计方法均局限于单标准层的高层剪力墙结构。为此,该文提出了高层剪力墙结构多目标智能设计方法,包括多标准层高层剪力墙结构的智能建模和多目标优化。多标准层高层剪力墙结构智能建模包含剪力墙智能布置、梁自动化布置、板自动化布置和荷载自动化布置;以材料成本和施工便捷性为目标,采用分步优化策略和基于小生境技术的遗传算法对高层剪力墙结构进行多目标优化。通过实际工程算例对所提出的方法进行了验证,结果表明,所提出的高层剪力墙结构多目标智能设计方法稳定、可靠,可以较好地兼顾材料成本和施工的便捷性,并能显著缩短设计周期。

冷弯薄壁型钢-结构防火一体板自攻螺钉连接性能试验研究

开展冷弯薄壁型钢-结构防火一体板自攻螺钉连接抗剪性能试验研究,完成35个典型试件单调拉伸及低周往复加载试验,分析结构防火一体板厚度、螺钉直径、螺钉端距及加载角度等因素对其抗剪性能的影响。结果表明:不同加载角度及螺钉端距的试件呈现不同的破坏模式,主要包括板材端部撕裂破坏、板材孔壁承压破坏、板材被拉断破坏等,且破坏时试件的自攻螺钉存在不同程度的倾斜。对于试验端分别采用直径为4.8、5.5 mm螺钉的试件,试件的峰值荷载及延性系数与螺钉直径无明显相关性,弹性刚度随着螺钉直径增大而显著提升;随着螺钉端距由15 mm增大至25 mm,试件的弹性刚度无明显变化,而峰值荷载和延性系数提高了约35%;随着板厚由12 mm增大到20 mm,试件的峰值荷载提高了约40%,弹性刚度提高了约90%,延性系数降低了约30%;与加载角度为0°的试件的特征参数相比,加载角度为45°时,试件弹性刚度提高了约100%,峰值荷载及延性系数无明显差别;加载角度为90°时,试件弹性刚度及峰值荷载无明显差别,延性系数降低了约40%。

自攻钉集块连接混凝土复合剪力墙抗震性能试验

提出了适用于装配式混凝土复合剪力墙结构的自攻钉集块连接构造,为研究自攻钉集块连接混凝土复合剪力墙的抗震性能,设计制作了3个剪跨比为1.39的足尺剪力墙试件,进行了低周反复荷载试验,主要变量包括自攻钉集块连接构造、自攻钉集块与后浇条带组合连接构造以及L形边框构造柱。分析了试件破坏模式、承载力、滞回特性、刚度及退化、变形能力、耗能性能和应变特征等。结果表明:自攻钉集块连接构造装配便捷,受力性能可靠;采用自攻钉集块与后浇条带组合连接构造试件的承载力及刚度相比自攻钉集块连接构造分别提高了8.54%和6.03%;设置L形边框构造柱的试件承载力、刚度及耗能分别提高了67.48%、129.33%和277.93%。自攻钉集块连接复合剪力墙具有良好的抗震性能,满足装配式低层住宅混凝土复合剪力墙结构的抗震设计要求,可用于实际工程。

某核心筒收进水瓶型超高层结构设计关键问题研究

某超高层建筑位于武汉市汉阳区一线滨江区域,整体造型为下大上小逐渐收分的水瓶型,主体结构高度249m,屋面上设51m高塔冠,地上建筑总高度300m。建筑师要求外框柱贴幕墙边布置,导致塔楼大部分柱均为斜柱,在竖向荷载作用下将对楼面体系产生水平分力,设计中通过在楼面梁设置抗拉钢筋及型钢承担水平拉力。核心筒墙体在17、43层进行了转换收进,通过合理的分析及措施,确保了墙体传力路径的合理性。对主体结构进行了风洞试验并进行了相关论证,减小了设计风荷载,节约了结构造价。对结构进行了施工模拟、收缩徐变分析、墙体有限元分析及塔冠分析,结果表明结构设计安全合理。