Data-driven methods for predicting the representative temperature of bridge cable based on limited measured data

Cable-stayed bridges have been widely used in high-speed railway infrastructure.The accurate determination of cable’s representative temperatures is vital during the intricate processes of design,construction,and maintenance of cable-stayed bridges.However,the representative temperatures of stayed cables are not specified in the existing design codes.To address this issue,this study investigates the distribution of the cable temperature and determinates its representative temperature.First,an experimental investigation,spanning over a period of one year,was carried out near the bridge site to obtain the temperature data.According to the statistical analysis of the measured data,it reveals that the temperature distribution is generally uniform along the cable cross-section without significant temperature gradient.Then,based on the limited data,the Monte Carlo,the gradient boosted regression trees(GBRT),and univariate linear regression(ULR)methods are employed to predict the cable’s representative temperature throughout the service life.These methods effectively overcome the limitations of insufficient monitoring data and accurately predict the representative temperature of the cables.However,each method has its own advantages and limitations in terms of applicability and accuracy.A comprehensive evaluation of the performance of these methods is conducted,and practical recommendations are provided for their application.The proposed methods and representative temperatures provide a good basis for the operation and maintenance of in-service long-span cable-stayed bridges.

Direct Pointwise Comparison of FE Predictions to StereoDIC Measurements:Developments and Validation Using Double Edge-Notched Tensile Specimen

To compare finite element analysis(FEA)predictions and stereovision digital image correlation(StereoDIC)strain measurements at the same spatial positions throughout a region of interest,a field comparison procedure is developed.The procedure includes(a)conversion of the finite element data into a triangular mesh,(b)selection of a common coordinate system,(c)determination of the rigid body transformation to place both measurements and FEA data in the same system and(d)interpolation of the FEA nodal information to the same spatial locations as the StereoDIC measurements using barycentric coordinates.For an aluminum Al-6061 double edge notched tensile specimen,FEA results are obtained using both the von Mises isotropic yield criterion and Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,with the unknown Hill model parameters determined using full-field specimen strain measurements for the nominally plane stress specimen.Using Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,the point-by-point comparison of experimentally based full-field strains and stresses to finite element predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement,confirming the effectiveness of the field comparison process.

Evaluation of Arterial Signal Coordination with Commercial Connected Vehicle Data: Empirical Traffic Flow Visualization and Performance Measurement

Emerging connected vehicle (CV) data sets have recently become commercially available, enabling analysts to develop a variety of powerful performance measures without deploying any field infrastructure. This paper presents several tools using CV data to evaluate traffic progression quality along a signalized corridor. These include both performance measures for high-level analysis as well as visualizations to examine details of the coordinated operation. With the use of CV data, it is possible to assess not only the movement of traffic on the corridor but also to consider its origin-destination (O-D) path through the corridor. Results for the real-world operation of an eight-intersection signalized arterial are presented. A series of high-level performance measures are used to evaluate overall performance by time of day, with differing results by metric. Next, the details of the operation are examined with the use of two visualization tools: a cyclic time-space diagram (TSD) and an empirical platoon progression diagram (PPD). Comparing flow visualizations developed with different included O-D paths reveals several features, such as the presence of secondary and tertiary platoons on certain sections that cannot be seen when only end-to-end journeys are included. In addition, speed heat maps are generated, providing both speed performance along the corridor and locations and the extent of the queue. The proposed visualization tools portray the corridor’s performance holistically instead of combining individual signal performance metrics. The techniques exhibited in this study are compelling for identifying locations where engineering solutions such as access management or timing plan change are required. The recent progress in infrastructure-free sensing technology has significantly increased the scope of CV data-based traffic management systems, enhancing the significance of this study. The study demonstrates the utility of CV trajectory data for obtaining high-level details of the corridor performance as well as drilling down into the minute specifics.

Recent progress in nuclear data measurement for ADS at IMP

Recent progress in nuclear data measurement for ADS at Institute of Modern Physics is reviewed briefly.Based on the cooler storage ring of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou, nuclear data terminal was established.The nuclear data measurement facility for the ADS spallation target has been constructed, which provides a very important platform for the experimental measurements of spallation reactions. A number of experiments have been conducted in the nuclear data terminal. A Neutron Time-of-Flight(NTOF)spectrometer was developed for the study of neutron production from spallation reactions related to the ADS project.The experiments of 400 MeV/u ^(16)O bombarded on a tungsten target were presented using a NTOF spectrometer.Neutron yields for 250 MeV protons incident on a thick grain-made tungsten target and a thick solid lead target have been measured using the water-bath neutron activation method. Spallation residual productions were studied by bombarding W and Pb targets with a 250 MeV proton beam using the neutron activation method. Benchmarking of evaluated nuclear data libraries was performed for D-T neutrons on ADS relevant materials by using the benchmark experimental facility at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.

A multi-sensor-based distributed real-time measurement system for glacier deformation

Glacier disasters occur frequently in alpine regions around the world,but the current conventional geological disaster measurement technology cannot be directly used for glacier disaster measurement.Hence,in this study,a distributed multi-sensor measurement system for glacier deformation was established by integrating piezoelectric sensing,coded sensing,attitude sensing technology and wireless communication technology.The traditional Modbus protocol was optimized to solve the problem of data identification confusion of different acquisition nodes.Through indoor wireless transmission,adaptive performance analysis,error measurement experiment and landslide simulation experiment,the performance of the measurement system was analyzed and evaluated.Using unmanned aerial vehicle technology,the reliability and effectiveness of the measurement system were verified on the site of Galongla glacier in southeastern Tibet,China.The results show that the mean absolute percentage errors were only 1.13%and 2.09%for the displacement and temperature,respectively.The distributed glacier deformation real-time measurement system provides a new means for the assessment of the development process of glacier disasters and disaster prevention and mitigation.

Measuring moisture content of dead fine fuels based on the fusion of spectrum meteorological data

Dead fine fuel moisture content(DFFMC)is a key factor affecting the spread of forest fires,which plays an important role in evaluation of forest fire risk.In order to achieve high-precision real-time measurement of DFFMC,this study established a long short-term memory(LSTM)network based on particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm as a measurement model.A multi-point surface monitoring scheme combining near-infrared measurement method and meteorological measurement method is proposed.The near-infrared spectral information of dead fine fuels and the meteorological factors in the region are processed by data fusion technology to construct a spectral-meteorological data set.The surface fine dead fuel of Mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Ledeb.),white birch(Betula platyphylla Suk.),larch(Larix gmelinii(Rupr.)Kuzen.),and Manchurian walnut(Juglans mandshurica Maxim.)in the maoershan experimental forest farm of the Northeast Forestry University were investigated.We used the PSO-LSTM model for moisture content to compare the near-infrared spectroscopy,meteorological,and spectral meteorological fusion methods.The results show that the mean absolute error of the DFFMC of the four stands by spectral meteorological fusion method were 1.1%for Mongolian oak,1.3%for white birch,1.4%for larch,and 1.8%for Manchurian walnut,and these values were lower than those of the near-infrared method and the meteorological method.The spectral meteorological fusion method provides a new way for high-precision measurement of moisture content of fine dead fuel.

Strategy for Data Stream Processing Based on Measurement Metadata: An Outpatient Monitoring Scenario

In this work we discuss SDSPbMM, an integrated Strategy for Data Stream Processing based on Measurement Metadata, applied to an outpatient monitoring scenario. The measures associated to the attributes of the patient (entity) under monitoring, come from heterogeneous data sources as data streams, together with metadata associated with the formal definition of a measurement and evaluation project. Such metadata supports the patient analysis and monitoring in a more consistent way, facilitating for instance: i) The early detection of problems typical of data such as missing values, outliers, among others;and ii) The risk anticipation by means of on-line classification models adapted to the patient. We also performed a simulation using a prototype developed for outpatient monitoring, in order to analyze empirically processing times and variable scalability, which shed light on the feasibility of applying the prototype to real situations. In addition, we analyze statistically the results of the simulation, in order to detect the components which incorporate more variability to the system.

Data Fusion Method for Manufacturing Measurement

A data fusion method of online multisensors is prop os ed in this paper based on artificial neuron. First, the dynamic data fusion mode l on artificial neuron is built. Then the calibration of data fusion is discusse d with self-adaptive weighing technique. Finally performance of the method is d emonstrated by an online vibration measurement case. The results show that the f used data are more stable, sensitive, accurate, reliable than that of single sen sor data.

Orthogonal Series Estimation of Nonparametric Regression Measurement Error Models with Validation Data

In this article we study the estimation method of nonparametric regression measurement error model based on a validation data. The estimation procedures are based on orthogonal series estimation and truncated series approximation methods without specifying any structure equation and the distribution assumption. The convergence rates of the proposed estimator are derived. By example and through simulation, the method is robust against the misspecification of a measurement error model.

Voidage Measurement of Air-Water Two-phase Flow Based on ERT Sensor and Data Mining Technology

Based on an electrical resistance tomography(ERT) sensor and the data mining technology,a new voidage measurement method is proposed for air-water two-phase flow.The data mining technology used in this work is a least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM) algorithm together with the feature extraction method,and three feature extraction methods are tested:principal component analysis(PCA),partial least squares(PLS) and independent component analysis(ICA).In the practical voidage measurement process,the flow pattern is firstly identified directly from the conductance values obtained by the ERT sensor.Then,the appropriate voidage measurement model is selected according to the flow pattern identification result.Finally,the voidage is calculated.Experimental results show that the proposed method can measure the voidage effectively,and the measurement accuracy and speed are satisfactory.Compared with the conventional voidage measurement methods based on ERT,the proposed method doesn't need any image reconstruction process,so it has the advantage of good real-time performance.Due to the introduction of flow pattern identification,the influence of flow pattern on the voidage measurement is overcome.Besides,it is demonstrated that the LS-SVM method with PLS feature extraction presents the best measurement performance among the tested methods.

Estimation of Nonparametric Multiple Regression Measurement Error Models with Validation Data

In this article, we develop estimation approaches for nonparametric multiple regression measurement error models when both independent validation data on covariables and primary data on the response variable and surrogate covariables are available. An estimator which integrates Fourier series estimation and truncated series approximation methods is derived without any error model structure assumption between the true covariables and surrogate variables. Most importantly, our proposed methodology can be readily extended to the case that only some of covariates are measured with errors with the assistance of validation data. Under mild conditions, we derive the convergence rates of the proposed estimators. The finite-sample properties of the estimators are investigated through simulation studies.

On Human Autonomic Nervous Activity Related to Weather Conditions Based on Big Data Measurement via Smartphone

This research uses our previously-developed smartphone camera-based heart rate change analysis system to survey the correlation between weather patterns and the autonomic nervous activity across a big data set of approximately 200,000 entries. The results showed a trend in which a significant decrease was seen in sympathetic nervous activity in both males and females—the higher the temperature. In addition, a significant increase was seen in the sympathetic nervous system in both males and females—the higher the atmospheric pressure. Lastly, a significant decrease was seen in the sympathetic nervous system in both males and females—the more precipitation there was. These results accord with prior research and with human biological phenomena, and we were able to use a data set of approximately 200,000 entries to statistically demonstrate our hypothesis. We believe this represents a valuable set of reference data for use in the health care.

On Human Autonomic Nervous Activity Related to Behavior, Daily and Regional Changes Based on Big Data Measurement via Smartphone

This research uses a large amount of autonomic nervous system data (approximately 100,000 entries) to investigate the relationship between human autonomic nervous activity and behaviors, daily and regional changes. Data were measured via a heart rate variability analysis system that utilizes the camera of smartphones. This system was developed by the authors during previous research. The relations between autonomic nervous system and behaviors, total power and sympathetic nervous activity were found to rise after waking, while during leisure time, the total power rises and sympathetic nervous activity is inhibited. Concerning the relationship between autonomic nervous system and day of the week, it was found that total power decreases from the middle through the latter part of the week (namely, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday), while it rises on Saturday, while the sympathetic nervous activity is suppressed on Saturday. Regarding the relationship between autonomic nervous system and region, it was found that total power is lower in the Kanto region of Japan than in others. This study also shows statistical proof (using a large amount of measurement data) to ideas held by the public for years. Thus, the data can be considered meaningful to the society, and the authors hope that it helps to improve work-life balance.

Block-based test data adequacy measurement criteria and test complexity metrics

On the basis of software testing tools we developed for programming languages, we firstly present a new control flowgraph model based on block. In view of the notion of block, we extend the traditional program\|based software test data adequacy measurement criteria, and empirically analyze the subsume relation between these measurement criteria. Then, we define four test complexity metrics based on block. They are J\|complexity 0; J\|complexity 1; J\|complexity \{1+\}; J\|complexity 2. Finally, we show the Kiviat diagram that makes software quality visible.

Selection of extractive agent for mixture chlorobenzene and measurement of VLE data for m-dichlorobenzene-p-dichlorobenzene -o-dichlorobenzene -diphenylamine

Extractive agents of extractive distillation separation for mixtures of dichlorobenzene were analyzed and compared, gas-liquid equilibrium data （VLE data） was measured for dichlorobenzene and diphenylamine, the appropriate extractive agent was selected by relatively volatility, the temperature was studied on the effect of extractive separation. VLE data was measured for dichlorobenzene, the parameters were simulated in Wilson equation. The infinite dilute activity coefficient of dichlorobenzene in diphenylamine were measured by chromatogram apparatus, the model parameters were correlated by the single parameter method for dichlorobenzene and diphenyl -amine, VLE data of m-dichlorobenzene-p- dichlorobenzene -o-dichlorobenzene-diphenylamine system was measured and calculated by six part model parameters. The results of correlation and experiment were provided a basis for study of extractive distillation simulation and experiment in this work.

Stochastic bounded consensus tracking of leader-follower multi-agent systems with measurement noises and sampled-data

This paper is concerned with the stochastic bounded consensus tracking problems of leader-follower multi-agent systems, where the control input of an agent can only use the information measured at the sampling instants from its neighbours or the virtual leader with a time-varying reference state, and the measurements are corrupted by random noises. The probability limit theory and the algebra graph theory are employed to derive the necessary and sufficient conditions guaranteeing the mean square bounded consensus tracking. It is shown that the maximum allowable upper boundary of the sampling period simultaneously depends on the constant feedback gains and the network topology. Furthermore, the effects of the sampling period on the tracking performance are analysed. It turns out that from the view point of the sampling period, there is a trade-off between the tracking speed and the static tracking error. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Empirical Study on the Measurement of the High-Tech Industry Efficiency in China--Based on the Data of China＇s 31 Provinces （Including Municipalities and Autonomous Regions）

To evaluate the relative effectiveness of the input and output of the high-tech industry in China＇s 31 provinces （including municipalities and autonomous regions）, DEA evaluation model was constructed using data envelopment analysis （DEA）, and DEA evaluation model was solved using Deap2.1 software, for the purpose of obtaining the DEA efficiency and the non-DEA efficiency in all the provinces （including municipalities and autonomous regions）. Then, the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, scale efficiency, scale return, and projection analysis were analyzed. Finally, the provinces of the non-DEA efficiency are sorted according to three efficiencies, and also a goal of improvement is proposed for the purpose of expanding technology investment in the provinces of the DEA efficiency.

Macro-Analysis on Across-Fault Crustal Deformation Measurement Data Along the Northern Edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Block

Based on the arrangement of the across-fault measurement data along the northern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang block,we divide the deformation into different types and probe the nature of various fault movements based on these types.The recent situation of tectonic movement of main structural belts and seismicity in this area are expounded.From the above,it is concluded that across-fault measurement can reflect not only the conditions of fault movement nearby but also the change of regional stress fields; not only is this a method to obtain regional seismogenic information and to conduct short-term prediction but it is also involved with large scale space-time prediction of moderate and strong earthquakes on the basis of the macro characteristics of fractures.

Asymptotic bounded consensus tracking of double-integrator multi-agent systems with bounded-jerk target based on sampled-data without velocity measurements

This paper investigates asymptotic bounded consensus tracking（ABCT） of double-integrator multi-agent systems（MASs） with an asymptotically-unbounded-acceleration and bounded-jerk target（AUABJT） available to partial agents based on sampled-data without velocity measurements. A sampled-data consensus tracking protocol（CTP） without velocity measurements is proposed to guarantee that double-integrator MASs track an AUABJT available to only partial agents.The eigenvalue analysis method together with the augmented matrix method is used to obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for ABCT. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.

MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY OF HEAT AND COOL

The popularization of large scale central air conditioning system (CACS) has brought forward a new pro blem,i.e. how to measure the cooling and heating quantum accurately. This problem will directly affect the qua lity of modern property management. So the study on the technology of measuring heat and cool is very necessary. In this paper, the detailed thermal analysis and the mathematical model of relative parameters that affect the measurement of heat and cool are discussed. A sample instrument based on the model is made, After the trial use by several customers, the device is proved to be practical, worthwhile and of good capacity.