Adaptive Short-Time Fractional Fourier Transform Based on Minimum Information Entropy

Traditional short-time fractional Fourier transform(STFrFT)has a single and fixed window function,which can not be adjusted adaptively according to the characteristics of fre-quency and frequency change rate.In order to overcome the shortcomings,the STFrFT method with adaptive window function is proposed.In this method,the window function of STFrFT is ad-aptively adjusted by establishing a library containing multiple window functions and taking the minimum information entropy as the criterion,so as to obtain a time-frequency distribution that better matches the desired signal.This method takes into account the time-frequency resolution characteristics of STFrFT and the excellent characteristics of adaptive adjustment to window func-tion,improves the time-frequency aggregation on the basis of eliminating cross term interference,and provides a new tool for improving the time-frequency analysis ability of complex modulated sig-nals.

Application of short-time Fourier transform to high-rise frame structural-health monitoring based on change of inherent frequency over time

The high-rise frame structure has become more and more widespread, like its damage from the complication of the environment. The traditional method of damage detection, which is only suitable for the stationary signal, does not apply to a high-rise frame structure because its damage signal is non-stationary. Thus, this paper presents an application of the short-time Fourier transform(STFT) to damage detection of high-rise frame structures. Compared with the fast Fourier transform, STFT is found to be able to express the frequency spectrum property of the time interval using the signal within this interval. Application of STFT to analyzing a Matlab model and the shaking table test with a twelve-story frame-structure model reveals that there is a positive correlation between the slope of the frequency versus time and the damage level. If the slope is equal to or greater than zero, the structure is not damaged. If the slope is smaller than zero, the structure is damaged, and the less the slope is, the more serious the damage is. The damage results from calculation based on the Matlab model are consistent with those from the shaking table test, demonstrating that STFT can be a reliable tool for the damage detection of high-rise frame structures.

Anti-aliasing nonstationary signals detecion algorithm based on interpolation in the frequency domain using the short time Fourier transform

To eliminate the aliasing that appeared during the measurement of multi-components nonstationary signals, a novel kind of anti-aliasing algorithm based on the short time Fourier transform （STFT） is brought forward. First the physical essence of aliasing that occurs is analyzed; second the interpolation algorithm model is setup based on the Hamming window; then the fast implementation of the algorithm using the Newton iteration method is given. Using the numerical simulation the feasibility of algorithm is validated. Finally, the electrical circuit experiment shows the practicality of the algorithm in the electrical engineering.

Suppression to the cross-channel interference based on the short time Fourier transform

A new cross-channel interference suppression method is proposed to decrease the cross-channel interference in beat signals based on the short time Fourier transform(STFT)and the inverse short time Fourier transform(ISTFT)when the dual-orthogonal polarimetric frequency-modulated continuous wave(FMCW)radar adopts the opposite-slope linear frequency modulation signal pair in the simultaneous measurement mode.The STFT is applied only on the signals in the cross-interference intervals in the four polarimetric channels to decrease the computation complexity.A mask matrix for suppressing the interference is constructed using the constant false alarm ratio(CFAR)detection on the spectrograms by the STFT.The simulative results show that the cross-channel interference is efficiently suppressed by the proposed method.The comparison between the proposed method and the rejection method verifies the improved performance of the proposed method.

基于STFT和CNN-Attention的配电终端采集模块故障诊断研究

针对复杂工况运行环境下配电终端采集模块故障类型难以识别的问题,提出一种基于短时傅里叶变换(STFT)、卷积神经网络和注意力机制(CNN-Attention)的配电终端采集模块故障诊断方法。首先,分析配电终端采集模块不同故障类型会产生的对应故障数据,建立故障数据集。然后,基于STFT提取故障数据的故障时频特征以形成时频图,采用CNN-Attention模型对时频图进行故障诊断与匹配。算例分析表明,CNN-Attention的故障检测准确率为97.31%,相较于CNN和极限学习机(ELM)模型,故障诊断准确率分别提升了1.22%和4.4%。Attention机制能够有效解决CNN在特征提取时产生的冗余信息导致模型训练慢、难以收敛的问题。该研究实现了配电终端采集模块具体故障类型的准确识别,能为后续配电终端的运维提供参考。

小波分解-STFT方法在地形变观测数据中的应用

把小波分解与短时傅里叶变换(STFT)相结合,实现了对信号高频部分和低频部分的精细分解,同时给出信号高频部分的时频谱,结果直观明确,计算过程简单。这种方法不仅可以作为连续形变观测数据的常规分析方法,也可用于其他连续观测数据的分析。

基于STFT时频谱系数收缩的信号降噪方法

针对旋转机械故障振动信号的降噪问题,提出一种基于短时Fourier变换(short time Fourier transform,简称STFT)时频谱系数收缩的信号降噪方法。先将信号进行STFT,得到其时频谱。由于谱系数为复数,故根据模值大小进行谱系数收缩,并利用步长迭代算法在0到谱系数最大模值的区间内估计最优阈值。迭代运算过程中,首先,分别采用基本的硬阈值函数和软阈值函数进行系数收缩;然后,以改进风险函数为阈值评价标准,估计最优阈值;最后,利用最优阈值重新进行谱系数收缩,对得到的新谱进行STFT逆变换,重构降噪后的时域信号。仿真信号与试验数据的处理结果表明,利用所估计的最优阈值,STFT时频谱系数硬、软阈值函数收缩方法均能够实现噪声混合信号的降噪。

基于STFT和WT的SAR干扰抑制算法

窄带干扰(NBI)和宽带干扰(WBI)作为合成孔径雷达(SAR)中最为常见的两种干扰形式,它们的存在将会大幅度地降低SAR图像的质量.本文在对NBI和WBI的时频聚集性分析的基础上,提出一种联合短时傅里叶变换和小波变换的NBI和WBI抑制方法.该方法首先把SAR回波数据变换到短时傅里叶谱域再把短时傅里叶谱域数据变换到小波域,然后在小波域中采用恒虚警(CFAR)检测方法对小波系数进行干扰识别和干扰抑制,接着把干扰抑制后的小波系数变换到SAR原始回波数据域,利用常规的SAR成像算法进行成像处理,最后得到清晰无干扰的SAR图像.该算法在干扰抑制过程中对有用回波信号造成的损失比较小,并且可以有效地抑制时变的NBI和WBI.结合仿真和实测数据的处理,经过实验分析验证了本文方法的有效性.

旋转机械振动信号基于EMD的HT和STFT时频分析比较

基于经验模态分解(EmpiricalModeDecomposition,EMD)的希尔伯特变换(HilbertTransformation,HT),是先把一列时间序列数据通过经验模态分解,然后经过希尔伯特变换获得频谱的信号处理新方法。介绍了该方法的理论和算法。对仿真和旋转机械油膜涡动故障振动信号分别用基于EMD的HT和基于STFT(Short-TimeFourierTransforma tion,STFT)的时频分析进行了比较研究,研究结果说明,用基于EMD的HT方法对旋转机械的振动信号进行时频分析比STFT有效。

基于STFT和FrFT的连续波雷达参数估计

连续波雷达的回波信号由目标进行调制,对回波参数的估计是雷达信号处理的主要任务。本文从短时傅里叶变换(STFT)和分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)的基本特点入手,介绍了他们进行雷达回波信号参数估计时的优缺点。针对这些特点,提出了一种基于两种方法的混合算法。混合算法分两步:首先,混合算法运用STFT进行速度粗测;然后,用FrFT对加速度进行估计同时进行速度的精测。最后本文进行蒙特卡罗仿真实验,实验结果证明,即使在较低信噪比下该算法依然有效。

分数低阶alpha稳定分布的STFT时频分析方法

对于α稳定分布噪声的非平稳信号,仅用频域的一维分析方法是不够的,需要考虑进行二维的时—频域分析方法。在基于传统的短时傅里叶变换(STFT)基础上,针对分数低阶α稳定分布的特性,提出了分数低阶STFT新方法。计算机仿真结果表明,该分数低阶STFT方法能克服传统的STFT方法在对α稳定分布进行时频分析时的性能退化问题,为α稳定分布在时频域的研究开拓了全新的途径。

基于STFT的宽带信号时差测量方法

利用相位干涉仪测量信号到达时差时,频率估计误差会引起测量误差,且现有方法对宽带信号适应性较差。针对这些问题,提出了利用信号频域互相关的相频曲线估计到达时差的方法。该方法利用短时傅里叶变换对宽带信号进行重构,并对重构信号在频域进行互相关,然后利用相频曲线的线性关系估计时差。该方法在低信噪比条件下对宽带信号的到达时差具有较高的估计精度。

基于STFT的宽带数字ESM接收技术

提出了一种新的基于瞬时测频的宽带数字电子支援(electronic support measure,ESM)接收技术。首先对输入信号进行短时傅里叶变换,通过对变换结果进行快速插值,实现瞬时测频;然后利用多门限完成瞬时频域检测,并根据检测带宽进行抽取。这种新的接收技术能够有效解决ESM系统对宽带同时到达信号的侦收难题,且算法结构规整,易于用现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)芯片进行硬件实现。计算机仿真结果表明,系统单信号检测灵敏度可达-5 dB,当输入信噪比为-5 dB^15 dB时,单信号正确检测概率可达90%以上,动态范围达20 dB,双信号瞬时动态范围可达18 dB。

基于STFT谱图滑窗相消的微动杂波去除方法

微动杂波往往具有较大的多普勒展宽,会抬高噪底、湮没弱目标,造成虚警和漏检。有效去除微动杂波对提高雷达性能具有重要意义。该文利用匀速目标回波和微动杂波在短时傅里叶变换(STFT)谱图中的形态差异,提出了一种基于STFT谱图滑窗相消的微动杂波去除方法。具体地,匀速运动目标回波在STFT谱图中表现为特定频率单元上平行于时间轴的直线型能量条带,而微动杂波具有时变非平稳特性,在STFT谱图中呈现出横跨多个频率单元的时变复杂形态。将原始STFT谱图沿时间维滑窗得到新的STFT谱图,则目标回波分布在这两种谱图中的相同位置,而微动杂波在这两种谱图中的位置存在明显差异。因此将上述两种谱图相减,根据相减前后谱图中各单元的强度变化情况,即可将目标回波和微动杂波分离,达到去除微动杂波的效果。仿真和实测结果均验证了所提方法的有效性。与常见基于时频变换的L-statistics算法相比,所提方法能够在去除微动杂波的同时,较好地保留了目标回波。

“信号与系统”中的STFT概念引入

"信号与系统"现行的内容体系中大多以傅里叶变换、拉氏变换和Z变换为核心展开,内容涉及连续以及离散系统的分析。三大变换均不具备对信号进行时域局部分析的能力,而实际应用中则往往需要对信号进行时域局部分析。本文探索将短时傅里叶变换概念引入"信号与系统"课程中,以此阐述时域局部分析方法,为进一步引入多分辨分析做好铺垫。

STFT与WVD在地震波时频分析中的应用

地震波是一种非平稳信号,传统的傅里叶变换已不适用,时频分析方法能在时间—频率域给出非平稳信号不同时刻的频率分布特征。Wigner-Ville分布(WVD)对非平稳信号具有较好的时频聚集性,但因其为双线性变换,会产生严重的交叉干扰项。短时傅里叶变换(STFT)是一种线性变换,不存在交叉项干扰,但时频聚集性较差。考虑到二者优点,在对地震波进行时频分析时,采用短时傅里叶变换和Wigner-Ville分布的联合算法,既有效抑制了Wigner-Ville分布交叉项干扰,又保持了较高的时频聚集性。通过3种方法,对模拟信号和实际数据处理结果进行对比分析,发现联合算法对获取地震波信号的时频特征和纵波到时检测,具有更好效果。

STFT算法在短波差分跳频信号检测中的应用

结合短波差分跳频(DFH)信号的特点,分析了短波信道的多径、时延和多普勒效应对高速跳频信号的影响,构建了基于Turbo码的G函数模型,并提出采用短时傅里叶变换(STFT)算法和最大后验概率(MAP)译码算法相结合的跳检测方法,进行跳频信号的跳检测。仿真结果表明:综合考虑短波信道影响,采用该方法进行跳频信号检测,信噪比为6.8 dB时,误码率达到10-5,可实现DFH信号的有效检测。

基于STFT和SVD的滚动轴承异常声识别

本文提出轴承异常声在振动曲线上可以被描述为一种瞬态脉冲 ,可以用时频谱图加以分析 ,通过奇异值分解有效地提取特征矢量 ,并将特征矢量送入神经网络分类器进行模式识别。仿真实验表明 ,这是一种稳定。

Localization method of subsynchronous oscillation source based on high-resolution time-frequency distribution image and CNN

The penetration of new energy sources such as wind power is increasing,which consequently increases the occurrence rate of subsynchronous oscillation events.However,existing subsynchronous oscillation source-identification methods primarily analyze fixed-mode oscillations and rarely consider time-varying features,such as frequency drift,caused by the random volatility of wind farms when oscillations occur.This paper proposes a subsynchronous oscillation sourcelocalization method that involves an enhanced short-time Fourier transform and a convolutional neural network(CNN).First,an enhanced STFT is performed to secure high-resolution time-frequency distribution(TFD)images from the measured data of the generation unit ports.Next,these TFD images are amalgamated to form a subsynchronous oscillation feature map that serves as input to the CNN to train the localization model.Ultimately,the trained CNN model realizes the online localization of subsynchronous oscillation sources.The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are validated via multimachine system models simulating forced and natural oscillation events using the Power Systems Computer Aided Design platform.Test results show that the proposed method can localize subsynchronous oscillation sources online while considering unpredictable fluctuations in wind farms,thus providing a foundation for oscillation suppression in practical engineering scenarios.

基于Retinex与STFT的非接触指纹图像增强

针对数字相机拍摄的指纹图像存在脊线和谷线对比度低、抖动模糊等问题,提出一种基于Retinex理论和短时傅里叶变换(STFT)分析的非接触指纹图像增强算法。依据Retinex理论,利用图像各个像素的相对明暗关系消除光照非均衡性影响,提高脊线和谷线的对比度,实现非接触指纹图像的初次增强。采用STFT分析的方法获取指纹图像的方向图、频率图等纹理信息,并据此构建角度滤波器和半径滤波器,对初次增强结果进行频域滤波处理,进一步增强图像对比度,同时有效抑制噪声的干扰。实验结果表明,该算法对非接触指纹图像的增强效果较好,可以有效提高指纹脊线和谷线对比度,较好地保持指纹脊线的连续性,而且平均处理速度比同态滤波和Garbor滤波相结合的方法也略有提高。