Fluid shortening is an important ingredient in the production of sponge cake. Peanut oil with 0, 43% and 85% of diacylglycerol content was used as the base oil. Different emulsifiers, such as glycerol monostearate, so...Fluid shortening is an important ingredient in the production of sponge cake. Peanut oil with 0, 43% and 85% of diacylglycerol content was used as the base oil. Different emulsifiers, such as glycerol monostearate, soy lecithin and sucrose ester, and their respective amounts, were investigated. It was found that the addition of emulsifiers had a positive effect on water-absorbing capacity, air-absorbing capacity and viscosity of the oils. Glycerol monostearate was the preferred emulsifier for fluid shortening with a recommended addition of 1.5%. The effects of different diacylglycerol content on fluid shortening and their impact on sponge cake production was also investigated. The onset oxidation temperature of the oil could be increased from 253.21 ℃ for PO-TAG-based fluid shortening to 263.70 ℃ for PO-DAG85-based fluid shortening. And the increase in diacylglycerol content leading to a lower specific gravity of the batter, which was 1.06 g/mL, 1.02 g/mL and 0.98 g/mL prepared by PO-DAG, PO-DAG43 and PO-DAG85 shortening, respectively. The results showed that diacylglycerols can be used as base oils in fluid shortening to improve the crystal network and stability of fluid shortenings, thereby reducing the specific gravity of the batter and improving the structural properties of the cake. This will extend the potential applications of diacylglycerols and increase the variety of base oils available for fluid shortening preparation.展开更多
A full-length rabbit oviductin cDNA(1909bp) was cloned. It consists of a 5’-UTR of 52bp, an open reading frame (ORF) of 1374bp and a 3’-UTR of 483bp and has more than 80% homology with that of other mammal oviductin...A full-length rabbit oviductin cDNA(1909bp) was cloned. It consists of a 5’-UTR of 52bp, an open reading frame (ORF) of 1374bp and a 3’-UTR of 483bp and has more than 80% homology with that of other mammal oviductins. N-terminal peptide (NTP) (384 residues) and C-terminal peptide (CTP) (73 residues) of deduced protein precursor has about 80% and 50% identity with that of other mammals respectively. Fusion proteins GST-NTP 368(1R-368N)and GST-CTP73 (369F-441A) were expressed and purified. NH2-terminal of CTP sequencing reveals that the purified protein is consistent with the deduced one. In order to study the function of NTP and CTP the mouse anti-NTP and rabbit anti-CTP antisera were prepared. Tissue-specific (skeleton muscle, oviduct, uterus, ovary, liver, heart and brain) analysis indicated that rabbit oviductin was only found in oviduct. The conditioned medium derived from the rabbit oviduct mucosa epithelial cells has a function of overcoming the early embryonic development block of Kunming mous e cultured in vitro. Anti-CTP antiserum could totally inhibit the early embryo development at 2-cell stage cultured in the conditioned culture medium, but anti-NTP antiserum couldn’t. There was a positive relationship between the ratio of early embryos at development block and the dosage of anti-CTP antiserum added in the conditioned culture medium. These results suggest that oviductin has a function not only on fertilization, but also on the release of early embryonic development block, and the later function domain of rabbit oviductin may be situate in its C-terminal.展开更多
Rana kunyuensis is a species of brown frog that lives exclusively on Kunyu Mountain,Yantai,China.In the current study,a 279-bp cDNA sequence encoding a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP),designated as amurin-9KY,was cl...Rana kunyuensis is a species of brown frog that lives exclusively on Kunyu Mountain,Yantai,China.In the current study,a 279-bp cDNA sequence encoding a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP),designated as amurin-9KY,was cloned from synthesized double-strand skin cDNA of R.kunyuensis.The amurin-9KY precursor was composed of 62 amino acid (aa) residues,whereas the mature peptide was composed of 14 aa and contained two cysteines forming a C-terminal heptapeptide ring (Rana box domain) and an amidated C-terminus.These structural characters represent a novel amphibian AMP family.Although amurin-9KY exhibited high similarity to the already identified amurin-9AM from R.amurensis,little is known about the structures and activities of amurin-9 family AMPs so far.Therefore,amurin-9KY and its three derivatives (amurin-9KY1-3) were designed and synthesized.The structures and activities were examined to evaluate the influence of C-terminal amidation and the heptapeptide ring on the activities and structure of amurin-9KY..Results indicated that C-terminal amidation was essential for antimicrobial activity,whereas both C-terminal amidation and the heptapeptide ring played roles in the low hemolytic activity.Circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that the four peptides adopted an α-helical conformation in THF/H2O (v/v 1∶1) solution,but a random coil in aqueous solution.Elimination of the C-terminal heptapeptide ring generated two free cysteine residues with unpaired thiol groups,which greatly increased the concentration-dependent anti-oxidant activity.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed to determine the possible bactericidal mechanisms.展开更多
AIM:To report the myopia-controlling effect of repeated low-level red-light(RLRL)therapy in patients with Stickler syndrome(STL),an inherited collagenic disease typically presenting with early onset myopia.METHODS:Thr...AIM:To report the myopia-controlling effect of repeated low-level red-light(RLRL)therapy in patients with Stickler syndrome(STL),an inherited collagenic disease typically presenting with early onset myopia.METHODS:Three STL children,aged 3,7,and 11y,received RLRL therapy throughout the follow-up period of 17,3,and 6mo,respectively after exclusion of fundus anomalies.Data on best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure,cycloplegic subjective refraction,ocular biometrics,scanning laser ophthalmoscope,optical coherence tomography,genetic testing,systemic disease history,and family history were recorded.RESULTS:At the initiation of the RLRL therapy,the spherical equivalent(SE)of 6 eyes from 3 patients ranged from-3.75 to-20.38 D,axial length(AL)were from 23.88 to 30.68 mm,and BCVA were from 0.4 to 1.0(decimal notation).Myopia progression of all six eyes slowed down after RLRL therapy.AL in five out of the six eyes shortened-0.07 to-0.63 mm.No side effects were observed.CONCLUSION:Three cases of STL whose progression of myopic shift and AL elongation are successfully reduced and even reversed after RLRL therapy.展开更多
The murine microglial cell line BV2 has neuroprotective effects, but is toxic to neurons by secret-ing inlfammatory cytokines, and is an important target in the treatment of nerve inlfammation and neurodegenerative di...The murine microglial cell line BV2 has neuroprotective effects, but is toxic to neurons by secret-ing inlfammatory cytokines, and is an important target in the treatment of nerve inlfammation and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we observed the effects of transfecting three amyloid precursor-like protein 2 （APLP2） C-terminal fragments （CTFs; C57, C50 and C31） in the pEGFP-N1 vector on S100A9 expression in BV2 cells. Reverse transcription-PCR, western blot assay and immunocytochemistry revealed that S100A9 protein and mRNA expression was greater in BV2 cells after CTF transfection than after mock transfection with an empty vector. Furthermore, transfection of full-length APLP2-751 resulted in low levels of S100A9 protein ex-pression. Our results show that APLP2-CTFs upregulate S100A9 protein and mRNA expression in BV2 cells, and identify a novel pathway involved in neuronal injury and apoptosis, and repair and protection in Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Maturation of the 3′end of almost all eukaryotic messenger RNAs(m RNAs)requires cleavage and polyadenylation.Most mammalian m RNAs are polyadenylated at different sites within the last exon,generating alternative pol...Maturation of the 3′end of almost all eukaryotic messenger RNAs(m RNAs)requires cleavage and polyadenylation.Most mammalian m RNAs are polyadenylated at different sites within the last exon,generating alternative polyadenylation(APA)isoforms that have the same coding region but distinct 3′untranslated regions(UTRs).The 3′UTR contains motifs that regulate m RNA metabolism;thus,changing the 3′UTR length via APA can significantly affect gene expression.Endochondral ossification is a central process in bone healing,but the impact of APA on gene expression during this process is unknown.Here,we report the widespread occurrence of APA,which impacts multiple pathways that are known to participate in bone healing.Importantly,the progression of endochondral ossification involves global 3′UTR shortening,which is coupled with an increased abundance of shortened transcripts relative to other transcripts;these results highlight the role of APA in promoting gene expression during endochondral bone formation.Our mechanistic studies of transcripts that undergo APA in the fracture callus revealed an intricate regulatory network in which APA enhances the expression of the collagen,type I,alpha 1(Col1a1)and Col1a2 genes,which encode the 2 subunits of the abundantly expressed protein collagen 1.APA exerts this effect by shortening the 3′UTRs of the Col1a1 and Col1a2 m RNAs,thus removing the binding sites of mi R-29a-3p,which would otherwise strongly promote the degradation of both transcripts.Taken together,our study is the first to characterize the crucial roles of APA in regulating the 3′UTR landscape and modulating gene expression during fracture healing.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(MUSO)is safer for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome(UIS)than diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(DUSO),DUSO is widely used for UIS treatment.AIM To ...BACKGROUND Although metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(MUSO)is safer for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome(UIS)than diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(DUSO),DUSO is widely used for UIS treatment.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of DUSO and MUSO for UIS treatment and determine the factors that should be considered when choosing surgical treatment for UIS.METHODS Articles comparing the effectiveness of DUSO and MUSO for UIS treatment were systematically retrieved from MEDLINE(Ovid),PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library.The demography,incidence of complications,secondary operation rate,postoperative DASH score,wrist pain on the visual analogue scale,and grip strength improvement were also evaluated.In addition,the correlation between the improvement of grip strength and the shortening of osteotomy length of ulna was analyzed.The outcome of the patient was discontinuous,and the odds ratio,risk ratio(RR),and 95%CI were calculated and analyzed via RevMan5.3 software.RESULTS Six studies,including 83 patients receiving MUSO(experimental group)and 112 patients receiving DUSO(control group),were included in the meta-analysis.The second operation rate was significantly higher after DUSO than after MUSO.The DASH scores were slightly lower in the MUSO group than in the DUSO group.The patients receiving MUSO had slightly better pain relief effect than patients receiving DUSO.However,the incidence of complications and improvement of grip strength were not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION Although DUSO and MUSO provide similar effects for UIS,MUSO is associated with a lower secondary operation rate,slightly lower postoperative DASH scores and slightly better pain relief effect than DUSO,indicating that MUSO can effectively be used for UIS treatment.展开更多
基金The Bureau of Science and Information of Guangzhou under grant 2024A04J3254the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 32272341the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province under grant numbers 2022B0202010003。
文摘Fluid shortening is an important ingredient in the production of sponge cake. Peanut oil with 0, 43% and 85% of diacylglycerol content was used as the base oil. Different emulsifiers, such as glycerol monostearate, soy lecithin and sucrose ester, and their respective amounts, were investigated. It was found that the addition of emulsifiers had a positive effect on water-absorbing capacity, air-absorbing capacity and viscosity of the oils. Glycerol monostearate was the preferred emulsifier for fluid shortening with a recommended addition of 1.5%. The effects of different diacylglycerol content on fluid shortening and their impact on sponge cake production was also investigated. The onset oxidation temperature of the oil could be increased from 253.21 ℃ for PO-TAG-based fluid shortening to 263.70 ℃ for PO-DAG85-based fluid shortening. And the increase in diacylglycerol content leading to a lower specific gravity of the batter, which was 1.06 g/mL, 1.02 g/mL and 0.98 g/mL prepared by PO-DAG, PO-DAG43 and PO-DAG85 shortening, respectively. The results showed that diacylglycerols can be used as base oils in fluid shortening to improve the crystal network and stability of fluid shortenings, thereby reducing the specific gravity of the batter and improving the structural properties of the cake. This will extend the potential applications of diacylglycerols and increase the variety of base oils available for fluid shortening preparation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (39730460)National "973" Project (G1999055902)National Labora-
文摘A full-length rabbit oviductin cDNA(1909bp) was cloned. It consists of a 5’-UTR of 52bp, an open reading frame (ORF) of 1374bp and a 3’-UTR of 483bp and has more than 80% homology with that of other mammal oviductins. N-terminal peptide (NTP) (384 residues) and C-terminal peptide (CTP) (73 residues) of deduced protein precursor has about 80% and 50% identity with that of other mammals respectively. Fusion proteins GST-NTP 368(1R-368N)and GST-CTP73 (369F-441A) were expressed and purified. NH2-terminal of CTP sequencing reveals that the purified protein is consistent with the deduced one. In order to study the function of NTP and CTP the mouse anti-NTP and rabbit anti-CTP antisera were prepared. Tissue-specific (skeleton muscle, oviduct, uterus, ovary, liver, heart and brain) analysis indicated that rabbit oviductin was only found in oviduct. The conditioned medium derived from the rabbit oviduct mucosa epithelial cells has a function of overcoming the early embryonic development block of Kunming mous e cultured in vitro. Anti-CTP antiserum could totally inhibit the early embryo development at 2-cell stage cultured in the conditioned culture medium, but anti-NTP antiserum couldn’t. There was a positive relationship between the ratio of early embryos at development block and the dosage of anti-CTP antiserum added in the conditioned culture medium. These results suggest that oviductin has a function not only on fertilization, but also on the release of early embryonic development block, and the later function domain of rabbit oviductin may be situate in its C-terminal.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772455)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20160336and BK20171214)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of College in Jiangsu Province(16KJB350004)Suzhou Science and Technology Development Project(SYN201504 and SNG2017045)
文摘Rana kunyuensis is a species of brown frog that lives exclusively on Kunyu Mountain,Yantai,China.In the current study,a 279-bp cDNA sequence encoding a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP),designated as amurin-9KY,was cloned from synthesized double-strand skin cDNA of R.kunyuensis.The amurin-9KY precursor was composed of 62 amino acid (aa) residues,whereas the mature peptide was composed of 14 aa and contained two cysteines forming a C-terminal heptapeptide ring (Rana box domain) and an amidated C-terminus.These structural characters represent a novel amphibian AMP family.Although amurin-9KY exhibited high similarity to the already identified amurin-9AM from R.amurensis,little is known about the structures and activities of amurin-9 family AMPs so far.Therefore,amurin-9KY and its three derivatives (amurin-9KY1-3) were designed and synthesized.The structures and activities were examined to evaluate the influence of C-terminal amidation and the heptapeptide ring on the activities and structure of amurin-9KY..Results indicated that C-terminal amidation was essential for antimicrobial activity,whereas both C-terminal amidation and the heptapeptide ring played roles in the low hemolytic activity.Circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that the four peptides adopted an α-helical conformation in THF/H2O (v/v 1∶1) solution,but a random coil in aqueous solution.Elimination of the C-terminal heptapeptide ring generated two free cysteine residues with unpaired thiol groups,which greatly increased the concentration-dependent anti-oxidant activity.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed to determine the possible bactericidal mechanisms.
文摘AIM:To report the myopia-controlling effect of repeated low-level red-light(RLRL)therapy in patients with Stickler syndrome(STL),an inherited collagenic disease typically presenting with early onset myopia.METHODS:Three STL children,aged 3,7,and 11y,received RLRL therapy throughout the follow-up period of 17,3,and 6mo,respectively after exclusion of fundus anomalies.Data on best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure,cycloplegic subjective refraction,ocular biometrics,scanning laser ophthalmoscope,optical coherence tomography,genetic testing,systemic disease history,and family history were recorded.RESULTS:At the initiation of the RLRL therapy,the spherical equivalent(SE)of 6 eyes from 3 patients ranged from-3.75 to-20.38 D,axial length(AL)were from 23.88 to 30.68 mm,and BCVA were from 0.4 to 1.0(decimal notation).Myopia progression of all six eyes slowed down after RLRL therapy.AL in five out of the six eyes shortened-0.07 to-0.63 mm.No side effects were observed.CONCLUSION:Three cases of STL whose progression of myopic shift and AL elongation are successfully reduced and even reversed after RLRL therapy.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Technology Gallery in Jilin Province of China,No.2011-15237the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81160159
文摘The murine microglial cell line BV2 has neuroprotective effects, but is toxic to neurons by secret-ing inlfammatory cytokines, and is an important target in the treatment of nerve inlfammation and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we observed the effects of transfecting three amyloid precursor-like protein 2 （APLP2） C-terminal fragments （CTFs; C57, C50 and C31） in the pEGFP-N1 vector on S100A9 expression in BV2 cells. Reverse transcription-PCR, western blot assay and immunocytochemistry revealed that S100A9 protein and mRNA expression was greater in BV2 cells after CTF transfection than after mock transfection with an empty vector. Furthermore, transfection of full-length APLP2-751 resulted in low levels of S100A9 protein ex-pression. Our results show that APLP2-CTFs upregulate S100A9 protein and mRNA expression in BV2 cells, and identify a novel pathway involved in neuronal injury and apoptosis, and repair and protection in Alzheimer’s disease.
基金National Institutes of Health(NIH)R01 DK121327 to R.A.E。
文摘Maturation of the 3′end of almost all eukaryotic messenger RNAs(m RNAs)requires cleavage and polyadenylation.Most mammalian m RNAs are polyadenylated at different sites within the last exon,generating alternative polyadenylation(APA)isoforms that have the same coding region but distinct 3′untranslated regions(UTRs).The 3′UTR contains motifs that regulate m RNA metabolism;thus,changing the 3′UTR length via APA can significantly affect gene expression.Endochondral ossification is a central process in bone healing,but the impact of APA on gene expression during this process is unknown.Here,we report the widespread occurrence of APA,which impacts multiple pathways that are known to participate in bone healing.Importantly,the progression of endochondral ossification involves global 3′UTR shortening,which is coupled with an increased abundance of shortened transcripts relative to other transcripts;these results highlight the role of APA in promoting gene expression during endochondral bone formation.Our mechanistic studies of transcripts that undergo APA in the fracture callus revealed an intricate regulatory network in which APA enhances the expression of the collagen,type I,alpha 1(Col1a1)and Col1a2 genes,which encode the 2 subunits of the abundantly expressed protein collagen 1.APA exerts this effect by shortening the 3′UTRs of the Col1a1 and Col1a2 m RNAs,thus removing the binding sites of mi R-29a-3p,which would otherwise strongly promote the degradation of both transcripts.Taken together,our study is the first to characterize the crucial roles of APA in regulating the 3′UTR landscape and modulating gene expression during fracture healing.
文摘BACKGROUND Although metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(MUSO)is safer for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome(UIS)than diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(DUSO),DUSO is widely used for UIS treatment.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of DUSO and MUSO for UIS treatment and determine the factors that should be considered when choosing surgical treatment for UIS.METHODS Articles comparing the effectiveness of DUSO and MUSO for UIS treatment were systematically retrieved from MEDLINE(Ovid),PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library.The demography,incidence of complications,secondary operation rate,postoperative DASH score,wrist pain on the visual analogue scale,and grip strength improvement were also evaluated.In addition,the correlation between the improvement of grip strength and the shortening of osteotomy length of ulna was analyzed.The outcome of the patient was discontinuous,and the odds ratio,risk ratio(RR),and 95%CI were calculated and analyzed via RevMan5.3 software.RESULTS Six studies,including 83 patients receiving MUSO(experimental group)and 112 patients receiving DUSO(control group),were included in the meta-analysis.The second operation rate was significantly higher after DUSO than after MUSO.The DASH scores were slightly lower in the MUSO group than in the DUSO group.The patients receiving MUSO had slightly better pain relief effect than patients receiving DUSO.However,the incidence of complications and improvement of grip strength were not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION Although DUSO and MUSO provide similar effects for UIS,MUSO is associated with a lower secondary operation rate,slightly lower postoperative DASH scores and slightly better pain relief effect than DUSO,indicating that MUSO can effectively be used for UIS treatment.
