Study on the Current Situation and Protection Countermeasures of Wild Plant Resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve

[Objective] The aim was to study the current situation and protection countermeasures of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve. [Method] The current situation of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve was researched by means of route survey, sample plot survey and literature survey, and then the main impact factors of wild plant resources were analyzed by using participatory rural appraisal and problem tree analysis, finally protection countermeasures were put forward according to current situation and main impact factors. [Result] There were 2 779 species of vascular plants belonging to 214 families and 1 012 genera (including subfamilies and varieties) in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, among them, there existed 261 species of pteridophyte belonging to 41 families and 91 genera, 14 species of gymnosperm belonging to 6 families and 6 genera, and 2 504 species of angiosperm belonging to 167 families and 915 genera. Wild plant resources in reserve were mainly affected by planting under forest, habitat fragmentation, cutting trees, collection and utilization of no-timber products, development of animal husbandry, insufficient recognition of community residents to reserve management establishment and lots of floating population. In the future, wild plant resources in reserve could be protected through strengthening propaganda, education and management, enforcing the law strictly and other countermeasures. [Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical foundation for the protection of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve.

Protection and Quality Control of Wild Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in Nature Reserves by Taking Longyuwan Scenic Spot Within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve as an Example

This paper discussed how to protect and control the quality of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in nature reserves by taking Longyuwan National Forest Park within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve as an example. Through the combination of three methods including literature review, visiting and investigational studies, and field surveys, the data of investigation, collection and collation were analyzed. According to data of surveys, collection and collation, problems related to the protection of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources faced by Longyuwan Scenic Spot within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve were also analyzed and protection strategies and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in this nature reserve were discussed. It was expected that the results would provide important scientific references for the sustainable development, protection and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources within nature reserves.

Ecological Environment Status and Protection Measures of Wetland Nature Reserve

In order to better promote the restoration and sustainable development of the natural ecological environment,it is necessary to study the wetland system as an important part of the ecosystem,put forward some common problems faced by wetland nature reserves,and propose relevant solutions based on the problems.This paper describes the relevant theoretical basis for the ecological environment protection of the wetland nature reserves,the problems faced,and the relevant solutions as reference for relevant personnel.

The current status, threats and protection way of Sanjiang Plain wetland, Northeast China

The Sanjiang Plain is a vast area of alluvial floodplains and low hills in northeast Heilongjiang Province. It is the largest tract of wetlands in China and East Asia outside of Siberia. 28 wetland nature reserves exist on the Sanjiang Plain, and three of them have been listed as wetlands of international importance to water bird conservation by the Ramsar Convention Bureau. The wetlands of Sanjiang Plain are noteworthy for its rich biodiversity, but they continue to decline in area and deteriorate in quality currently. The main threats or constrains, immediate cause, root cause and required response are analyzed in this paper, and the four aspects opinion such as improvement of watershed management, enhancement of protection and restoration of habitats and biodiversity, alternative livelihoods of rural residents living in and near natural wetland reserve, and reinforcement of capacity building of natural reserves are brought forward as the effective measures for the Sanjiang Plain wetland protection.

Coupling Relationship Analysis on Households′ Production Behaviors and Their Influencing Factors in Nature Reserves:A Structural Equation Model

A households′production behavior directly influences the quality of the environment and determines the successful development of nature reserves.Meanwhile,the households′production behaviors are complicated by interrelated factors,such as protection attitudes,resource endowment,and family wealth.This research evaluated households near the Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve in Shaanxi Province,acquiring data from 436 households around Yang County and Ningshan County in the south slope of Qinling Mountains,China.Based on the collected data,we developed a structural equation model to evaluate the coupling relationships among households′ protection attitudes,production behaviors,resource endowment,and family wealth.The results showed that:1) households with great resource endowment had more negative attitudes,probably due to their greater protection costs;2) the households with higher education levels had worse protection attitudes;3) the households with more family wealth were likely to use fewer fertilizers,pesticides,and firewood;4) the households with more resource endowment showed less production and management behaviors;5) the enhancement of households' attitudes improved production behaviors to protection the environment,but the effects were not statistically significant.Our results provide a basis for the government's protection policy making,exploring the effective management measures that are beneficial for both nature reserve management and community development.

Liaoning Magnesia Industry Under Strict Environmental Protection Policy

Liaoning Province,uniquely endowed with magnesite resources,is the most concentrated area of magnesite reserves in China.The magnesite resources in Liaoning Province mainly distribute in Haicheng,Dashiqiao,Xiuyan,Fengcheng,Kuandian,Fushun areas with reserves of 2.5 billion tons,accounting for 85.8%of China,s reserves and 20%of the global reserves.Affected by the safe production and environmental protection management of mining enterprises and processing enterprises,in 2017,7.056 million tons of magnesite was mined in Liaoning Province,down by 58.1%year-on-year(YOY),as shown in Fig.1;11.511 million tons of magnesia refractory products were produced,down by 16.7%YOY.Due to the shutdown tide,there were no official statistics for year 2018.

The geological heritages in Xinjiang, China： Its features and protection

The geological heritage protection and its development at home and abroad reflect the progress in the aspect from the single protection to the coordination between protection and exploitation. The geopark established by UNESCO has closely combined the protection of geological heritages with the promotion of sustainable development of local economy, which has become the best way to protect geological heritages. The geological heritages in Xinjiang, China, are characterized by their large quantity, rich variety and high grade. The complicated geologic-geomorphic environment in Xinjiang contributes to the creation of various geological heritage types and their spatial distribution, and at the same time makes them under control. The main types of the geological heritages in Xinjiang are the geologic-geomorphic landscapes and the water landscapes. The spatial distribution can be divided into five geological heritage districts： Altay, Junggar, Tianshan, Tarim and Kunlun-Altun, among which Tianshan and Kunlun-Altun are most important. Based on the first systematic investigation of the geological heritages in Xinjiang, it is confirmed that the insufficient coordination between protection and exploitation is the primary cause for the backward situation in the geological heritage protection. To solve the problem, this paper proposes 6 major protection steps--from determining the protection types, the protection forms, the protection modes, the protection grades, the protection sequences to determining the＇ protection zones, brings forward the idea of optimal-selection which integrates geoparks with geological heritage protection areas and other protection areas as protection and exploitation reserve list for 209 well as 5 corresponding modes, and makes a important geological heritages in Xinjiang.

高校图书馆知识传播与版权保护平衡服务研究——MIT OCW对我国E-Reserve合理使用的启示

高校图书馆作为保存和传递人类文化知识遗产的公益性机构,它有义务广泛地促进信息资源的传播与利用。因此,建立一个符合版权管理要求同时兼具开放性的教参平台,无疑可以更好地促进知识传播、提升高校影响力。通过访问高校图书馆E-Reserve主页、文献调研、邮件咨询、问卷调查等方式,对国内42所双一流高校E-Reserve合理使用情况进行了调查分析。针对平台开放性不足及版权保护政策不明晰问题,借鉴麻省理工学院开放课程平台管理经验,建议我国高校图书馆组建E-Reserve联盟,制定E-Reserve合理使用准则,构建E-Reserve版权分级保护决策,以实现E-Reserve在知识传播与版权保护间的平衡。

Plant micro-reserves in Valencia(E. Spain):A model to preserve threatened flora in China?

The Valencian Community(eastern Spain) was the pioneer territory establishing plant micro-reserves(PMRs). Its model to protect small sites for endemic and endangered plants has been exported to several countries around the globe. This paper highlights 1) the role of PMRs to complement the protection provided by large protected areas, 2) how the establishment of PMRs fosters the increase of floristic knowledge, and 3)the fact that continuous monitoring of PMRs also yields new records of endangered species found within the same PMRs. The flexibility of the PMR approach-it can be adapted to other national and regional legislationsallows its transfer to other rich-biodiversity regions and countries such as China.

Nature reserve construction and its contribution to the biodiversity conservation in China mainland

By the end of 1993, 763 nature reserves were established in China with a total area of 66184.1 kha, occupied proximally 6. 84% of the whole country's land area.The reserves concerning biodiversity conservation include ecosystem categories of forest, grassland, desert, terrestrial wetland and waters, ocean and coast and categories of wild animal and wild plant. Based on the construction of the reserves, the contributions of the reserves of various categories to the biodiversity conservation and the existed shortages for the reserve construction in China were analyzed thoroughly in this paper.

基于海派特色的中医药治疗卵巢储备功能减退不孕症专家共识

随着社会经济的发展,人们的生育观念发生改变,晚婚晚育的人群增多,女性生育年龄不断延后,高龄女性的生育需求逐步增加。但随着年龄的增长,女性卵巢内卵母细胞的数量和质量随之下降,血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平升高、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平下降、窦卵泡计数(AFC)减少,既而出现月经紊乱、雌激素缺乏相关症状、生育能力降低甚至不孕等临床表现,即卵巢储备功能减退(DOR)[1],人群中DOR的发生率为10%~35%[2]。

论大数据侦查:以信息自决权为主线

大数据侦查,是指侦查机关通过信息技术对存储于网络与计算机系统中的海量数据进行采集与分析,从而发现犯罪线索、证据信息或者犯罪嫌疑人的侦查行为。相较于传统的侦查行为,大数据侦查经常用于立案前的线索收集,通过“情报—侦查”一体化实现更有效的犯罪预防和打击,这也在相当程度上规避了刑事诉讼所构建的侦查行为合法性审查机制,导致传统的程序制裁模式失灵,公民个人信息安全面临前所未有的挑战。为应对这一挑战,应引入实体制裁模式,在宪法上证立信息自决权这一新型基本权利,准确理解适用法律保留原则、比例原则以及核心领域保护等法律原则,实现对大数据侦查的有效规制。

北京市自然保护地发展历史、存在问题及对策研究

北京市自然保护地体系经过40余年的发展,在整合优化、生态修复、生物多样性保护、科普宣教等方面取得了一定成绩。但也存在着体系机构不完善、专管机构缺失、监测监管软硬件不健全、民众自然保护意识不足等问题。针对上述问题,结合国家及北京市发展方向,本文对未来北京市自然保护地建设提出以下建议:推动国家公园建设,健全自然保护地体系;加快完善设立保护地专管机构,落实“一个保护地、一套机构、一块牌子”的统一管理体系;推进生物多样性保护工作,助力北京市生物多样性之都建设;完善保护地配套体制政策,提升监管能力;建设智慧自然保护地,推动保护地智能化管理;提升公众参与度,充分发挥保护地文化教育与生态服务功能。

某区域耕地后备资源调查评价技术应用研究

通过开展某区域耕地后备资源调查评价技术研究,建立了区域耕地后备资源调查评价体系,掌握了该区域耕地后备资源开发整理的可行性、难易程度、面积、分布情况及权属情况,完成了耕地后备资源数据库建设,验证了该区域内耕地后备资源调查评价技术的可行性。

中国锂资源安全综合评价及预测预警研究

当前,全球公共卫生事件、地缘冲突和大国博弈加剧冲击全球产业链供应链,新能源关键矿产面临较大供应风险.该文提出了包含需求预测、初级资源供给预测和回收资源供给预测在内的新的矿产资源保障程度预测模型.模型从情景分析出发,将微观矿山数据和宏观经济数据结合,综合运用计量模型、机器学习、因子模拟等方法,考虑了储量、成本、贸易等影响要素,对我国锂资源保障程度进行多情景下的综合预测分析.研究结果显示,我国锂资源存在长期资源储备不足的风险,加大勘察投入可以有效增加未来可供储量,提升资源保障程度;未来中国初级锂的保障程度逐渐上升,将在2030年满足国内一半需求;当前锂资源回收率较低,提高回收率能够有效提升次级锂的供应,当回收率提升至40%以上,能基本实现锂资源的对内保障.政策建议:加大勘探投入,实施新一轮找矿行动;提升矿业生产效率,保障初级资源生产;政府鼓励企业加强锂资源回收,提高资源回收率;加快技术革新,提升资源利用率,降低回收成本.

中国自然保护区空间分布特征

我国自然保护区经过60余年建设,在维护国家生态安全、保护生物多样性、保存自然遗产和改善生态环境质量等方面发挥着重要作用。研究系统整理了我国现有2672个自然保护区空间分布数据,形成了较为完整的空间信息数据库,从发展历程、保护类型、建设规模等方面进行了特征统计。运用地理集中指数和核密度指数等方法,对全国自然保护区从海陆分布、省级分布、时空分布、集聚分布等不同维度进行了空间分布特征分析。结果表明:(1)我国自然保护区数量和类型丰富,大致经历了“起步-停滞缓慢发展-稳步发展-快速发展-稳固完善”的5个发展阶段,以中小型的森林生态系统、野生动物、内陆湿地和水域生态系统自然保护区为主;(2)空间上为集聚分布,省域分布差异悬殊,沿“胡焕庸线”呈“西少东多、西聚东散”的特点;(3)不同类型和管理级别的自然保护区分布集群态势差异明显,形成了黄山-怀玉山、粤东北丘陵、南岭、武夷山等11个显著聚集区;(4)建设规模和连片聚集效应自西向东呈递减趋势,与我国地形的三级阶梯构造变化趋势存在紧密联系。最后,本文讨论了形成我国现有自然保护区空间格局的主要原因,包括客观自然条件及主观人为等因素,并结合我国自然保护区空间分布和建设发展中存在的问题进行了分析,从建立布局完善和海陆统筹的保护区网络,科学界定保护地类型,逐步优化自然保护区边界及稳步提升科研监测成效等方面提出了发展建议。在我国自然保护地体系由自然保护区向国家公园为主体的全面深化改革阶段,本研究弥补了现有研究成果的局限性和时效性问题,以期为未来自然保护区的空间布局优化及发展提供科学参考。

太宽河野生蕙兰濒危机制分析与保护研究

[目的]为野生蕙兰(Cymbidium faberi Rolfe)种质资源的保护与利用提供科学依据,为太宽河自然保护区管理局野生蕙兰种群繁育和恢复奠定基础。[方法]采用固定样方法,对野生蕙兰的资源进行调查,运用濒危系数分析法,以能够反映蕙兰濒危程度的活株数、自然枯死株数、幼苗数、开花植株数、坐果植株数、动物啃咬株数、人为采挖株数作为评价指标,对野生蕙兰濒危程度进行了定量分析。[结果]各指标濒危系数表现为动物啃咬濒危系数(C动)0.99>坐果濒危系数(C果)0.93>幼苗濒危系数(C苗)0.89>开花濒危系数(C花)0.88>活株濒危系数(C活)0.83>人为采挖濒危系数(C人)0.71>自然枯死濒危系数(C枯)0.53。调查结果显示,综合濒危系数为0.82,依据国际濒危物种等级新标准,处于濒危状态,其中野生动物危害较大和自我更新能力差是导致保护区内野生蕙兰濒危的主要因素,同时与人的因素也密不可分。[结论]建议建立以保护野生蕙兰为主的重点保护区域,积极开展以野生蕙兰种群恢复为主的科学研究;设立野生动物补饲点,减少对野生蕙兰资源的破坏;加大宣传力度,禁止非法采挖、放牧等人为干扰行为。

我国中蜂种质资源现状与利用自然保护区开展保护刍议

东方蜜蜂Apis cerana在我国又称中蜂,其作为我国一种重要的本土资源昆虫,对我国的养蜂业及生物多样性具有重要意义。在长期进化适应过程中,中蜂形成了多样的生物学特性,具备丰富的种质资源;但随着西方蜜蜂的引进,以及社会条件、自然环境变化等因素的影响,中蜂面临着蜂群数量急剧下降、分布区域缩小、种质资源退化及丢失等困境。目前,尽管中蜂种质资源的保护工作得到重视,但实际情况却是其分布面积不断缩小,分布区域越来越呈破碎化,中蜂种质资源保护工作仍面临巨大挑战;因此本文综述了我国中蜂种质资源现状,分析了利用自然保护区开展中蜂种质资源保护工作的优势、可行性及注意事项,以期为中蜂种质资源保护提供参考。

江山仙霞岭省级自然保护区鸟类生物多样性及保护策略研究

2019年越冬季和2020年繁殖季期间,利用固定距离抽样法、红外相机监测相结合的方法对江山仙霞岭省级自然保护区鸟类资源进行调查。结果表明:仙霞岭省级自然保护区内有鸟类150种,隶属15目46科。其中,国家一级重点保护鸟类2种,分别为白颈长尾雉和黄腹雉;国家二级重点保护鸟类16种,包括黑冠鹃隼、赤腹鹰、蛇雕等。从区系组成来看,保护区鸟类分布型以东洋界种为主(85种,占比56.67%),居留型以留鸟为主(82种,占比54.67%)。保护区鸟类F指数为21.61,G-F指数为0.91,说明保护区鸟类物种多样性较高且其科、属分布较为合理,但G指数为1.91,说明其属间差异较小,加上保护区范围内人为活动较为频繁,生态系统具有较高的敏感性和脆弱性。通过加大对鸟类保护宣传力度、开展鸟类生活习性研究和严格依法处置捕鸟猎鸟违规违法行为等保护策略,显著提升了鸟类生物多样性。

阿尔金山国家级自然保护区种子植物多样性研究

目的:通过阿尔金山国家级自然保护区种子植物多样性调查,明晰保护区内种子植物多样性现状,揭示自然保护区种子植物多样性自身的演化特征及区系地理成分,为有效保护植被生态屏障、种质资源保护和合理开发利用积累基础数据。方法:采用随机样方调查法对阿尔金山国家级自然保护区种子植物种类和构成以及科、属和种的组成进行了野外调查,统计分析其区系特征及多样性指数。结果:阿尔金山国家级自然保护区共有植物46科、152属、253种,其中种子植物的种类最为丰富。阿尔金山国家级自然保护区种子植物优势科较为明显,其中含10种以上的科有6科、142种,占总数的56%;菊科种类最多(46种占总种数18%)、禾本科次之(28种占总种数11%)、单属种植物(62种占总种数的24.5%),说明单属种或少数种科的占比较大。保护区种子植物分布类型隶属于温带属性;保护区草本物种多样性指数最高,乔木物种多样性指数最低。结论:通过调查初步明晰了阿尔金山国家保护区种子植物资源状况,为阿尔金山国家级自然保护区植物资源的保护和合理开发利用提供了重要基础数据,对推动高原生态文明建设和维护自然环境提供基本资料。