Experimental study of shell side flow-induced vibration of conical spiral tube bundle

Conical spiral tube bundles are widely used in enhancing the heat transfer via the flow-induced vibration in heat exchangers. The shell side flow-induced vibration of the conical spiral tube bundle is experimentally investigated in this paper. The experi- ment table was built and the operational modes, the vibration parameters of the tube bundle were analyzed. The results show that, the operational mode frequencies of the conical spiral tube are decreased as the shell-side fluid flow velocity increases, especially for the first order frequency. Within the parameter range of this experiment, the real working frequency of the conical spiral tube is between the 1 st and the 2nd operational modes, and the free end vibration amplitude of the tube bundle increases greatly when the shell side fluid flow velocity exceeds a critical value.

Dynamic Characteristics Analysis on MHTGR Plant’s Secondary Side Fluid Flow Network

Multipe NSSS (Nuclear Steam Supply System) modules use the common feeding-water system to drive the common turbine power generation set. The SSFFN (secondary side fluid flow network) of MHTGR plant has features i.e. strong-coupling and nonlinearity. A wide range of power switching operation will cause unsteady flow, which may destroy the working elements and will be a threat for normal operation. To overcome those problems, a differential-algebraic model and PI controllers are designed for the SSFFN. In MATLAB\SIMULINK environment, a simulation platform is established and used to make a simulation of SSFFN of a MHTGR plant with two NSSS modules, which uses feedwater valves to control the mass flow rate in each module instead of feedwater pump. Results reflect good robustness of controllers.

Numerical Simulation on Flow Past Two Side-by-Side Inclined Circular Cylinders at Low Reynolds Number

A series of three-dimensional numerical simulations is carried out to investigate the effect of inclined angle on flow behavior behind two side-by-side inclined cylinders at low Reynolds number Re=100 and small spacing ratio T/D=1.5 (T is the center-to-center distance between two side-by-side cylinders, D is the diameter of cylinder). The instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields, force coefficients and Strouhal numbers are analyzed. Special attention is focused on the axial flow characteristics with variation of the inclined angle. The results show that the inclined angle has a significant effect on the gap flow behaviors behind two inclined cylinders. The vortex shedding behind two cylinders is suppressed with the increase of the inclined angle as well as the flip-flop gap flow. Moreover, the mean drag coefficient, root-mean-square lift coefficient and Strouhal numbers decrease monotonously with the increase of the inclined angle, which follows the independent principle at small inclined angles.

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION AND SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF FLOW AROUND TWO SQUARE CYLINDERS ARRANGED SIDE BY SIDE

Large eddy simulation cooperated with the second order full extension ETG(Euler-Taylor-Galerkin) finite element method was applied to simulate the flow around two square cylinders arranged side by side at a spacing ratio of (1.5.) The second order full extension ETG finite element method was developed by Wang and He. By means of Taylor expansion of terms containing time derivative, time derivative is replaced by space derivative. The function of it is equal to introducing an artificial viscosity term. The streamlines of the flow at different moments were obtained. The time history of drag coefficient, lift coefficient and the streamwise velocity on the symmetrical points were presented. Furthermore, the symmetrical problem of the frequency spectrum of flow around two square cylinders arranged side by side were studied by using the spectral analysis technology. The data obtained at the initial stage are excluded in order to avoid the influence of initial condition on the results. The power spectrums of drag coefficient, lift coefficient, the streamwise velocity on the symmetrical points were analyzed respectively. The results show that although the time domain process of dynamic parameters is non-symmetrical, the frequency domain process of them is symmetrical under the symmetrical boundary conditions.

Simulation of flow pattern at rectangular lateral intake with different dike and submerged vane scenarios

A comprehensive understanding of the sediment behavior at the entrance of diversion channels requires complete knowledge of threedimensional(3 D) flow behavior around such structures. Dikes and submerged vanes are typical structures used to control sediment entrainment in the diversion channel. In this study, a 3 D computational fluid dynamic(CFD) code was calibrated with experimental data and used to evaluate flow patterns, the diversion ratio of discharge, the strength of secondary flow, and dimensions of the vortex inside the channel in various dike and submerged vane installation scenarios. Results show that the diversion ratio of discharge in the diversion channel is dependent on the width of the flow separation plate in the main channel. A dike perpendicular to the flow with a narrowing ratio of 0.20 doubles the ratio of diverted discharge in addition to reducing suspended sediment input to the basin, compared with a no-dike situation, by creating the outer arch conditions. A further increase in the narrowing ratio decreases the diverted discharge. In addition, increasing the longitudinal distance between consecutive vanes(Ls) increases the velocity gradient between the vanes and leads to a more severe erosion of the bed, near the vanes.

基于GO-FLOW法的飞机主动杆可靠性分析

应用GO-FLOW法分析飞机主动驾驶侧杆系统(Active Side Stick,ASS)的可靠性。首先基于主动驾驶杆原理分析,将系统中各部件与GO-FLOW操作符一一对应,建立ASS的GO-FLOW模型;其次进行GO-FLOW运算,将数据代入操作符运算规则,并对共有信号采用降阶法进行修正,得到主动驾驶杆系统各部件在各时间点的可靠度;最后以40 h为时间间隔计算主动驾驶杆系统可靠度随时间变化的趋势,并运用MATLAB采用最小二乘法进行线性拟合,得到系统可靠度随时间变化曲线和函数表达式。结果表明GO-FLOW法适用于复杂时序并且状态时变的系统,可为复杂系统的检修和维护提供准确依据。

NUMERICAL SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL FLOW FIELD OF WAGON-SHAPED CAR AT THE MOMENT OF PASSING

In the course of studying on aerodynamic change and its effect on steering stability and controllability of an automobile in passing, because of multi interaction streams, it is difficult to use traditional methods, such as wind tunnel test and road test. If the passing process of an automobile is divided into many time segments, so as to avoid the use of moving mesh which takes large calculation resource and CPU processing time in calculating, the segments are simulated with computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method, then the approximate computational results about external flow field will be obtained. On the basis of the idea, the change of external flow field of wagon-shaped car at the moment of passing is simulated through solving three-dimensional, steady and uncompressible N-S equations with finite volume method. Numerical simulation analysis of side force coefficient, stream lines, body surface pressure distribution of wagon-shaped car are presented and a preliminary discussion of aerodynamic characteristics of correlative situations is obtained. Finally, the C3 -x/l curve of side force coefficient（C3） of car following relative distance （x/l） between cars is obtained. By comparison, the curve is coincident well with the experimental data, which shows creditability of numerical simulation methods presented.

Model and application of bidirectional pedestrian flows at signalized crosswalks

This research of bidirectional pedestrian flows at signalized crosswalks is divided into two parts： model and applica- tion. In the model part, a mixed survey including the questionnaire investigation and tracking investigation is conducted to gain the basic data about walking tendentiousness of a pedestrian crossing. Then, the forward, right-hand, outstripping, and influential coefficients are outlined to quantize walking tendentiousness of pedestrian crossing and estimate transition probabilities of pedestrians. At last, an improved cellular automation model is proposed to describe walking tendentious- ness and crossing behaviors of pedestrians. In the application part, channelization research of bidirectional pedestrian flows is presented for real signalized crosswalk. In this process, the effects of right-side-walking and conformity behaviors on the efficiency of pedestrian crossing are thoroughly analyzed based on simulations and experiments to obtain a final channelization method to raise the efficiency of a pedestrian crossing at the crosswalk.

基于FLOW-3D的异侧竖缝式鱼道水力特性研究

水流流态和紊动能是鱼道设计中重要的两个水力特性。为此,利用Rhinoceros5软件做三维模型,并基于FLOW-3D软件,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型、TurVOF(Volume-of-Fluid)方法和FAVOR(Fractional Area Volume Obsta-cle Representation)技术,对长42 m、宽2.5 m、高3 m的鱼道模型的水流流态和紊动能进行模拟计算。模拟计算结果表明:在同一高程下不同池室的流态分布相似,主流区明确,最大速度约为1.0 m/s,适合大多数鱼类洄游;不同高程相同池室及休息室的流态分布也相似,通过竖缝的流速总体上呈现出先增大,后减小,再增大的规律。池室及休息室的紊动能都很小,均在0.024 J/kg以下,能满足绝大部分鱼类洄游。该模拟结果可对相关鱼道设计及科研提供技术上的支持。

HGU用户侧接口流量信息传输方法仿真

由于连接不同用户的侧接口过多,导致接口流量信息分配不均衡,造成信息传输时长较长、丢包率高等问题。为解决上述问题,提出HGU用户侧接口流量信息传输方法。通过对家庭网关单元(Home Gateway Unit,HGU)用户侧接口构建无向图和冲突图,确定流量信息传输距离以及各传输链路之间是否互相干扰;以链路流量模型为基础构建业务模型,得到传输链路负载率;在粒子群优化算法中,利用适应度函数更新粒子的位置坐标,实现合理分配网络流量,实现最大效率的传输。实验结果表明,所提方法网络时延始终保持在0.10s以下,整体丢包率控制在30%-45%之间,且具有较高的吞吐量。

侧式进/出水口各孔道流量分配差异及影响因素

对于抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口各孔道流量分配,现有设计规范规定进/出水口相邻中边孔道的流量不均匀程度不宜超过10%,但实际工程设计难以达到此要求.本文以某抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口为例,通过优化进/出水口各体型参数,利用数值模拟方法研究各孔道流量等水力参数,重点分析分流墩布置对各孔道流量分配的影响及其规律,试图使进流工况和出流工况相邻中边孔道的流量不均匀程度均最小.研究表明,改变扩散段分流墩布置能有效改善流量不均匀程度.对于3墩4孔侧式进/出水口,相邻中边孔道的流量不均匀程度在出流工况下随中边孔宽度比增大而增大,在进流工况下随中边孔宽度比增大而减小;当中边孔宽度比增大且中墩后移距离减小时,出流工况和进流工况下的流量不均匀程度均减小.对于2墩3孔侧式进/出水口,相邻中边孔道的流量不均匀程度不论在出流工况下还是在进流工况下,均随中边孔宽度比增大呈先减小后增大的规律.优化后的3墩4孔侧式进/出水口的中边孔宽度比取0.228∶0.272,中墩后移距离取0.36D(D为隧洞直径),其相邻中边孔道的流量不均匀程度均较优,在出流工况下为18.47%~19.43%,在进流工况下为19.82%~19.83%;优化后的2墩3孔侧式进/出水口的中边孔宽度比取0.310∶0.345,其相邻中边孔道的流量不均匀程度均较优,在出流工况下为19.47%~19.63%,在进流工况下为18.66%~18.67%.相邻中边孔道的流量不均匀程度较难满足不宜超过10%的设计规范要求.研究成果将有助于《抽水蓄能电站设计规范》中关于进/出水口水力指标要求的完善.

Side-View Mirror Vibrations Induced Aerodynamically by Separating Vortices

While driving a car at high speed cruising, the mirror surface of side-view mirrors happens to vibrate. The vibration often leads to image blurs of objects reflected in the mirror. Once the phenomena happen, drivers cannot clearly identify the approaching vehicles from the rear. The paper aims to clarify the vibration modes of side-view mirror experimentally and to capture forces on the mirror surface induced by separating vortices around the mirror numerically. Experimental study clarified two findings. One is that the mirror has the primary natural frequencies of 25, 30 and 33 Hz. The other is that vibrations of the mirror increase in proportion to flow velocity and their frequencies have peak values at 120 and 140 km/h. The frequencies of the mirror vibration coincide completely with the primary natural frequencies. In order to capture the external forces vibrating the mirror surface, numerical study was performed by unsteady air-flow analyses. Relationships between flow velocity fluctuations close to the mirror surface and pressure fluctuations on the mirror surface were investigated. It was found that the two power spectra have peak values at the same frequency of 24.4 Hz at 120 km/h. This shows that flow velocity fluctuations with the frequency of 24.4 Hz affect directly pressure fluctuations on the mirror surface. Numerical analyses clarify that the frequencies of shedding vortices are 24.4 Hz at 120 km/h and 28.3 Hz at 140 km/h. The frequencies of mirror vibration are very close to those of flow fluctuations. This shows that the frequencies of the mirror vibration have much to do with the frequencies of the forces induced aerodynamically by vortex shedding. Therefore it follows that image blurs at high speed cruising are caused by resonance phenomena that the mirror surface resonates with the frequencies of shedding vortices around the mirror.

超大型侧吹熔池熔炼余热锅炉烟气流动及烟尘黏附研究

富氧侧吹熔池熔炼广泛应用于铜、铅、锌等有色金属的提取,其后端的余热锅炉承载着余热回收利用、沉降烟尘的重要作用。但在实际生产过程中,炉内烟气流场混乱,烟尘易黏附积灰,炉壁与部件磨损严重等,导致了余热回收效率降低,低负荷运行甚至被迫停机。针对上述问题,采用多相网格质点方法,对年处理150万t精矿超大型富氧侧吹熔池熔炼余热锅炉内烟气流动特性、烟尘沉降与黏附开展数值模拟研究。结果表明:炉内的烟气涡旋会导致烟尘回流至入口烟道;挡板前移会导致挡板受击与堵塞情况加剧;增大挡板间距能有效减小挡板的堵塞;增大辐射室空间能大幅度减小挡板受到的冲击。

螺旋套管换热器多样式内管壳程流体强化传热的数值分析

应用CFD软件对内管为光管、螺纹管、横向纹管和纵向纹管的螺旋套管换热器壳程流体的流动及传热进行数值模拟,并将其模拟结果进行对比,分析其温度场和速度场的细观信息以揭示其壳程流体的换热特性和流动特性。结果表明,在研究范围内,内管为螺纹管的壳程流体流动和传热的综合性能最佳,其综合评价因子的值均在1.10以上,最大可达1.18;凸起螺纹对壳程流体起到扰流和导流的双重作用,减薄了边界层厚度,增强壳程流体的混合程度,实现了强化传热的目的,为工程实际应用提供帮助。

侧式进 出水口顶板扩张角对拦污栅断面流速分布影响规律研究

抽水蓄能电站侧式进出水口双向过流,其顶板扩张角的大小将直接影响拦污栅断面流速分布是否均匀,甚至出现反向流速。抽水蓄能电站设计规范将3°~5°作为侧式进出水口顶板扩张角的推荐范围,其依据是矩形渐扩管阻力系数最小的扩张角度,但侧式进出水口体型较之复杂很多,因此有必要进一步探讨。本文以某侧式进出水口体型为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法,研究了11种角度的顶板扩张角对出流工况和进流工况拦污栅断面流速分布的影响。结果表明:在出流工况下,随着顶板扩张角的增大,中孔拦污栅断面的主流位置由居中部逐渐向底部降低,断面流速分布由上下基本对称趋于底部大上部小的上下不对称,当顶板扩张角较大时中孔拦污栅断面上部出现反向流速;随着顶板扩张角的增大,边孔拦污栅断面流速分布由基本均匀逐渐变为底部大上部小的不均匀分布;随着顶板扩张角的增大,中、边孔孔口流速不均匀系数均逐渐增大,但中孔拦污栅断面流速分布受顶板扩张角影响更大。在进流工况下,随着顶板扩张角的增大,中、边孔拦污栅断面流速分布及孔口流速不均匀系数均无明显影响。研究成果可为优化侧式进出水口设计提供指导。

云边端协同驱动的陶瓷制造过程能效调度方法

陶瓷制造企业作为典型的多品种小批量高能耗制造企业,面临着能耗高、生产周期长、品种繁多、生产工艺复杂等问题,因此如何提高陶瓷制造的能源和资源利用效率,并进一步实现节能降耗,已经成为陶瓷企业亟需解决的重要问题。针对这一目标,提出了一种云边端协同驱动的陶瓷制造过程能效调度架构,该架构依赖于云边端协同技术来支持陶瓷制造过程的调度优化。以最小化最大完工时间和最小化总能耗为优化目标,建立陶瓷制造过程柔性流水车间调度模型。利用灰狼优化算法具有较强的全局搜索能力的特性,使用灰狼优化算法求解调度模型。结合陶瓷工厂实际情况设计算例,并以其作为实验数据,验证了灰狼优化算法在陶瓷制造过程中柔性流水车间调度优化的有效性。

Φ50mm口径气体炮炮口制退器的设计与效率分析

针对气体炮发射过程中受后坐力作用影响瞄准精度的问题,基于兵器标准推荐数值确定了炮口制退器的主要尺寸参数及其变动范围,设计了适用于Φ50 mm口径的一级气体炮反作用式炮口制退器,理论分析了制退器的制退效率,获得了高压气室压力、弹体质量、侧孔倾角以及侧孔直径等试验参数对制退效率的影响,并通过有限元流场仿真验证了制退效率,该方法和制退器的结构形式为其他应用场景的气体炮炮口制退器的设计提供了参考。

基于定量血流分数的冠状动脉真性分叉病变介入治疗术后分支灌注受损的危险因素分析

目的:拟利用基于Murray定律的定量血流分数分析冠状动脉真性分叉病变介入治疗术后无肉眼可见分支血流减慢而分支出现血流灌注受损的影响因素。方法:连续纳入2022年6月至2023年9月于湖南省人民医院接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的非左主干冠状动脉真性分叉冠心病患者211例,分叉病变共计234支。收集患者的一般临床指标、冠状动脉分叉病变的解剖学特征数据、分支保护方式、术后分支TIMI血流等资料,并对术后分支血管进行基于Murray定律的定量血流分数(μQFR)测定。PCI术后μQFR<0.8认为分支有灌注障碍,分为术后分支灌注受损组(n=51,53支分支病变),另μQFR≥0.8的患者为术后分支灌注正常组(n=160,181支分支病变)。通过多因素Logistic回归分析评估多种临床及解剖学因素对PCI术后分支灌注的影响。结果:所有患者PCI术后分支血流分级均为TIMI3级,术后分支灌注受损组53支(22.6%)血管术后分支μQFR为0.70±0.10,术后分支灌注正常组为0.93±0.05,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与术后分支灌注正常组比较,术后分支灌注受损组分支病变长度、分支参考直径、术后分支开口直径狭窄率、术后分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率升高,主支与分支直径比、术前分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率、术前主支μQFR降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。术后分支开口直径狭窄率(r=-0.490,P<0.001)、术后分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率(r=-0.788,P<0.001)、术前分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率(r=-0.280,P<0.001)、术后分支最狭窄管腔直径(r=-0.469,P<0.001)、分支病变长度(r=-0.157,P=0.016)与术后分支μQFR呈显著负相关,分支参考直径(r=0.173,P=0.008)、主支分支直径比(r=0.194,P=0.003)、术后分支开口直径(r=0.328,P<0.001)与术后分支μQFR呈正相关,与临床基线资料均无明显相关性(P均>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示共有4个因素是术后分支灌注受损的危险因素:术后分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率(OR=1.228,95%CI:1.144~1.318,P<0.001),术后分支开口直径狭窄率(OR=1.110,95%CI:1.055~1.168,P<0.001),术后主支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率(OR=1.115,95%CI:1.042~1.192,P=0.001),分支病变长度(OR=1.121,95%CI:1.021~1.231,P=0016)。结论:PCI术后分支血流达到TIMI 3级的患者中仍有部分存在血流动力学障碍,PCI术后应积极行功能学评估。术后分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率、术后分支开口直径狭窄率、术后主支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率、分支病变长度是冠状动脉分叉病变PCI术后分支灌注障碍的危险因素。

城市污水侧流特性及其氮磷回收技术研究进展

针对城市污水处理系统中存在的3种侧流(初级污泥浓缩侧流、生物污泥浓缩侧流、厌氧消化污泥上清侧流)的特性进行了全面的分类总结和对比分析,探讨了侧流特性对整个污水处理系统效能的影响,指出了水、能源和营养物的回收是实现污水处理厂向水资源回收设施转变的关键,并在此基础上对城市污水处理系统侧流中氮、磷的主要回收技术进行了归纳总结,分析了不同技术在对应应用场景中的优势和限制,指明了侧流氮、磷资源回收技术在未来的研究和应用中需要考虑的重点。

双侧吹熔池熔炼炉内气液两相流数值模拟

为了探索铜双侧吹熔池熔炼过程增产增效的实现途径,以赤峰云铜有色金属有限公司的实际双侧吹熔池熔炼炉为原型,运用VOF等方法构建了炉内气液两相流动过程数值模型,据此对不同送风流量(1300、1500、1700 m^(3)/h,标态)条件下的熔炼过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,提升送风流量能够在一定程度上提高熔炼效率,但同时也可能导致烟尘发生率增大等问题,因此,送风流量的增幅不宜过大。