Netrin-1 signaling pathway mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases

Netrin-1 and its receptors play crucial roles in inducing axonal growth and neuronal migration during neuronal development.Their profound impacts then extend into adulthood to encompass the maintenance of neuronal survival and synaptic function.Increasing amounts of evidence highlight several key points:(1)Diminished Netrin-1 levels exacerbate pathological progression in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease,and potentially,similar alterations occur in humans.(2)Genetic mutations of Netrin-1 receptors increase an individuals’susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders.(3)Therapeutic approaches targeting Netrin-1 and its receptors offer the benefits of enhancing memory and motor function.(4)Netrin-1 and its receptors show genetic and epigenetic alterations in a variety of cancers.These findings provide compelling evidence that Netrin-1 and its receptors are crucial targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Through a comprehensive review of Netrin-1 signaling pathways,our objective is to uncover potential therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative disorders.

X-Paste improves wound healing in diabetes via NF-E2-related factor/HO-1 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers(DFU),as severe complications of diabetes mellitus(DM),significantly compromise patient health and carry risks of amputation and mortality.AIM To offer new insights into the occurrence and development of DFU,focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms of X-Paste(XP)of wound healing in diabetic mice.METHODS Employing traditional Chinese medicine ointment preparation methods,XP combines various medicinal ingredients.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)identified XP’s main components.Using streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic,we aimed to investigate whether XP participated in the process of diabetic wound healing.RNA-sequencing analyzed gene expression differences between XP-treated and control groups.Molecular docking clarified XP’s treatment mechanisms for diabetic wound healing.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were used to investigate the effects of Andrographolide(Andro)on cell viability,reactive oxygen species generation,apoptosis,proliferation,and metastasis in vitro following exposure to high glucose(HG),while NF-E2-related factor-2(Nrf2)knockdown elucidated Andro’s molecular mechanisms.RESULTS XP notably enhanced wound healing in mice,expediting the healing process.RNA-sequencing revealed Nrf2 upregulation in DM tissues following XP treatment.HPLC identified 21 primary XP components,with Andro exhibiting strong Nrf2 binding.Andro mitigated HG-induced HUVECs proliferation,metastasis,angiogenic injury,and inflammation inhibition.Andro alleviates HG-induced HUVECs damage through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation,with Nrf2 knockdown reducing Andro’s proliferative and endothelial protective effects.CONCLUSION XP significantly promotes wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic models.As XP’s key component,Andro activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,enhancing cell proliferation,tubule formation,and inflammation reduction.

Enhancement of porcine in vitro embryonic development through luteolin‑mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway

Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Luteolin(Lut)has been documented for its protective effects against oxidative stress in various studies.However,its specific role in embryonic development remains unexplored.This study aims to investigate the influence of Lut on porcine embryonic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Results After undergoing parthenogenetic activation(PA)or in vitro fertilization,embryos supplemented with 0.5μmol/L Lut displayed a significant enhancement in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates,with an increase in total cell numbers and a decrease in the apoptosis rate compared to the control.Measurements on D2 and D6 revealed that embryos with Lut supplementation had lower ROS levels and higher glutathione levels compared to the control.Moreover,Lut supplementation significantly augmented mitochondrial content and membrane potential.Intriguingly,activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was observed in embryos supplemented with Lut,leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene transcription levels.To further validate the relationship between the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and effects of Lut in porcine embryonic development,we cultured PA embryos in a medium supplemented with brusatol,with or without the inclusion of Lut.The positive effects of Lut on developmental competence were negated by brusatol treatment.Conclusions Our findings indicate that Lut-mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced production of porcine embryos with high developmental competence,and offers insight into the mechanisms regulating early embryonic development.

Electroacupuncture improves myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats by attenuating ECM collagen deposition through modulation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway

Background: To explore the effects of electroacupuncture on cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in rat models of heart failure, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture in heart failure treatment. Methods: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups: Sham group, Model group, and electroacupuncture (Model + EA) group, with each group comprising 8 rats. The model underwent a procedure involving the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce a model of heart failure. The Model + EA group was used for 7 consecutive days for electroacupuncture of bilateral Shenmen (HT7) and Tongli (HT5), once a day for 30 min each time. Left ventricular parameters in rats were assessed using a small-animal ultrasound machine to analyze changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening. Serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cardiac troponin (cTn), and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor levels were measured using ELISA. Histopathological changes in rat myocardium were observed through HE staining, while collagen deposition in rat myocardial tissue was assessed using the Masson staining method. Picro sirius red staining, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-qPCR were utilized to distinguish between the various types of collagen deposition. The expression level of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4/7 mRNA in rat myocardial tissues was determined using RT-qPCR. Additionally, western blot analysis was conducted to assess the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3/7, and p-SMAD3 in rat myocardial tissues. Results: Compared with the Sham group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening values of the Model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01);the left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume values were remarkably increased (P < 0.01);serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor content was increased (P < 0.01);serum IL-1β and cTn levels were increased (P < 0.01);myocardial collagen volume fraction were increased (P < 0.01);and those of the expression of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4 mRNA was increased (P < 0.01);the expression of SMAD7 mRNA was decreased (P < 0.01);the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 were increased (P < 0.01);the protein expression level of SMAD7 was decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model group. Compared to the Model group, the expression levels of the proteins TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 in myocardial tissue were found to be decreased (P < 0.01), and the expression level of the protein SMAD7 was found to be increased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group;the collagen volume fraction and deposition of type Ⅰ /Ⅲ collagen were decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture alleviates myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure, and this effect is likely due to attributed to the modulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, which helps reduce collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix.

Oleuropein alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury via the AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling

Objective:To explore the effect of oleuropein on sepsis-induced acute lung injury(ALI)in vitro and in vivo and investigate the underlying mechanism.Methods:In an lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-mediated cell model of sepsis-induced ALI and a cecal ligation and puncture-induced mouse model of septic ALI,CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to detect cell activity and apoptosis.ELISA and relevant assay kits were used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress,respectively.Western blot was applied to determine the expression of apoptosis-and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2(Nrf-2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)signaling-associated proteins.JC-1 staining,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)assay kit,and MitoSOX Red assays were performed to detect mitochondrial membrane potential,ATP content,and mitochondrial ROS formation,respectively.Moreover,lung injury was evaluated by measuring lung morphological alternations,lung wet-to-dry ratio,myeloperoxidase content,and total protein concentration.Results:Oleuropein reduced inflammatory reaction,oxidative damage,and apoptosis,and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction in LPS-exposed BEAS-2B cells and mice with septic ALI.Besides,oleuropein activated the AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway.However,these effects of oleuropein were abrogated by an AMPK inhibitor compound C.Conclusions:Oleuropein can protect against sepsis-induced ALI in vitro and in vivo by activating the AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling,which might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of sepsis-induced ALI.

Exploring the mechanism of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on acute colitis rats based on JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway in electroacupuncture of different acupoints on acute colitis rats.Methods:36 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,with 6 rats in each group.The rat model of acute colitis was prepared by enema with glacial acetic acid solution.After the model was established,electroacupuncture was given to each acupoint group,with density wave,frequency 2Hz-50 Hz,intensity 2 mA,muscle tremor as the degree 20 min/time,1 time/day,for 3 consecutive days.Observe the general condition of rats;the pathological changes of colonic mucosa in rats were observed by HE method.The contents of serum interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)were detected by ELISA.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of JAK2,STAT3,SOCS1 protein and mRNA in rat colon tissue.Results:In contrast to the normal group,the overall condition of the model group was worse,the colonic mucosa was severely damaged,even necrotic,and the ulcer surface was obvious.The content of IL-4 in serum was obviously reduced,and the content of IL-8 was obviously go up(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously go up,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously reduced(P<0.01).In contrast to the model group,the general condition of rats in each acupoint group was significantly improved,the damage and necrosis of colonic mucosa and ulcer surface were obviously alleviated,the content of IL-4 in serum was obviously go up,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously reduced,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Comparison of different acupoint groups,the colonic mucosal injury in the Zusanli group was significantly reduced,the content of serum IL-4 was significantly increased,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The protein content and mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3 in colon tissue were significantly down-regulated,while the protein content and mRNA expression of SOCS1 were significantly go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at each acupoint can improve the damage of colonic mucosa and reduce the inflammatory response.The therapeutic effect of Zusanli(ST36)is better than that of Tianshu(ST25),Dachangshu(BL25)and Shangjuxu(ST37).The mechanism may be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway related proteins and inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-8.

三阴性乳腺癌中KIAA1522表达和作用研究

目的分析三阴乳腺癌(TNBC)中KIAA1522激活对Wnt信号通路及促进肿瘤细胞转移的机制影响。方法该研究于2021年1月至2022年10月进行,收集唐山市人民医院手术治疗的三阴乳腺癌36例,TNBC癌组织依据有淋巴结转移(转移组)和无淋巴结转移(未转移组)分为两组,采用蛋白质印迹法和实时荧光定量逆转录PCR(RT-qPCR)法分别检测各组KIAA1522、含IQ模序的GTP酶活化蛋白1(IQGAP1)、β连环素(β-catenin)的蛋白及mRNA相对表达水平,免疫共沉淀法检测KIAA1522、IQGAP1分别与β-catenin的相互作用情况。结果转移组中KIAA1522、IQGAP1、β-catenin蛋白相对表达量(0.37±0.05、0.28±0.02、1.50±0.08)均高于未转移组(0.27±0.05、0.25±0.05、1.05±0.02)(P<0.05)。转移组中KIAA1522、IQGAP-1 mRNA相对表达量(0.95±0.03、1.08±0.10)高于未转移组(0.73±0.05、0.99±0.12)(P<0.05),两者呈正相关关系(r=0.55,P<0.05),β-catenin mRNA在二组中的相对表达量差异无统计学意义。免疫共沉淀显示在TNBC癌组织中KIAA1522蛋白与β-catenin蛋白无相互作用,而IQGAP1蛋白与β-catenin蛋白相互共沉淀。结论KIAA1522激活Wnt信号通路,促进TNBC肿瘤细胞的转移,机制可能与上调IQGAP1 mRNA,过表达的IQGAP1促进β-catenin蛋白累积并结合成蛋白复合物有关。

Gossypol acetic acid regulates leukemia stem cells by degrading LRPPRC via inhibiting IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling or resulting mitochondrial dysfunction

BACKGROUND Leukemia stem cells(LSCs)are found to be one of the main factors contributing to poor therapeutic effects in acute myeloid leukemia(AML),as they are protected by the bone marrow microenvironment(BMM)against conventional therapies.Gossypol acetic acid(GAA),which is extracted from the seeds of cotton plants,exerts anti-tumor roles in several types of cancer and has been reported to induce apoptosis of LSCs by inhibiting Bcl2.AIM To investigate the exact roles of GAA in regulating LSCs under different microenvironments and the exact mechanism.METHODS In this study,LSCs were magnetically sorted from AML cell lines and the CD34+CD38-population was obtained.The expression of leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein(LRPPRC)and forkhead box M1(FOXM1)was evaluated in LSCs,and the effects of GAA on malignancies and mitochondrial RESULTS LRPPRC was found to be upregulated,and GAA inhibited cell proliferation by degrading LRPPRC.GAA induced LRPPRC degradation and inhibited the activation of interleukin 6(IL-6)/janus kinase(JAK)1/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)3 signaling,enhancing chemosensitivity in LSCs against conventional chemotherapies,including L-Asparaginase,Dexamethasone,and cytarabine.GAA was also found to downregulate FOXM1 indirectly by regulating LRPPRC.Furthermore,GAA induced reactive oxygen species accumulation,disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis,and caused mitochondrial dysfunction.By inhibiting IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling via degrading LRPPRC,GAA resulted in the elimination of LSCs.Meanwhile,GAA induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell damage by causing mitochondrial damage.CONCLUSION Taken together,the results indicate that GAA might overcome the BMM protective effect and be considered as a novel and effective combination therapy for AML.

血必净注射液调控HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB通路对脓毒症小鼠肺损伤的保护作用

目的 研究血必净注射液调控高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)/Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)通路对脓毒症小鼠肺损伤的保护作用。方法 雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组,模型组和低、中、高剂量血必净组,阴性对照(NC)组,NC+模型组,NC+高剂量血必净组,HMGB1+高剂量血必净组。采用盲肠结扎穿孔术建立脓毒症肺损伤模型,造模前给予NC慢病毒或HMGB1慢病毒尾静脉注射,造模当天给予血必净注射液(剂量5、10、15mL/kg)腹腔注射,2次/d,连续3 d,末次给药后24 h进行取材和检测。比较各组间肺组织病理改变,湿重(W)/干重(D)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量,裂解型Caspase-3、HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB表达水平的差异。结果 模型组小鼠肺组织出现肺损伤的病理改变,W/D、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、MDA的含量及裂解型Caspase-3、HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB的表达水平均高于对照组,SOD的含量低于对照组(P<0.05)。不同剂量血必净组小鼠肺损伤的病理改变减轻,W/D、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、MDA的含量及裂解型Caspase-3、HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB的表达水平低于模型组,SOD的含量高于模型组(P<0.05)。HMGB1+高剂量血必净组小鼠肺损伤的病理改变加重,W/D、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、MDA的含量及裂解型Caspase-3、HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB的表达水平均高于NC+高剂量血必净组,SOD的含量低于NC+高剂量血必净组(P<0.05)。结论 血必净注射液对脓毒症小鼠肺损伤具有保护作用,并减轻炎症反应、氧化应激、细胞凋亡,其相关的分子机制为抑制HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB通路。

基于IRS-1/PI3K信号轴探究补肺健脾方对COPD大鼠骨骼肌线粒体损伤的影响

目的探究补肺健脾方(Bufei Jianpi formula,BJF)通过调控IRS-1/PI3K信号轴对COPD大鼠骨骼肌线粒体损伤的影响。方法将60只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为空白(Control)组、COPD稳定期模型(Model)组、氨茶碱(Am)组、补肺健脾方(BJF)组、吡格列酮(PIO)组以及补肺健脾方+吡格列酮(BJF+PIO)组,10只/组。采用烟熏加鼻腔滴菌(肺炎克雷伯杆菌)的方法建立COPD稳定期大鼠模型,自第9周开始给药至20周结束后取材,每周给予大鼠体重测量。分别对肺组织和骨骼肌组织进行常规切片与HE染色,并于光镜下观察其相应的病理学改变。分别于第0、8、20周采用非束缚全身体积描记系统观察大鼠肺功能,包括VT、PEF、EF50。采用qPCR技术检测大鼠骨骼肌组织中IRS-1、PI3K、PGC-1α以及Leptin mRNA的表达。采用Western blot技术检测大鼠骨骼肌组织中IRS-1、PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、PGC-1α、TFAM和Leptin蛋白的表达。结果光镜观察显示与Control组比,Model组肺病理可见肺泡间质以及肺支气管存有大量的炎性细胞浸润,部分肺泡壁出现断裂并融合形成气腔、纤维网被破坏等;与Model组比,用药治疗后各组肺泡壁的断裂以及纤维网的破坏均得到改善,支气管中炎性细胞浸润减轻,其中以BJF组与Am组尤为明显。用药治疗后各组骨骼肌病理与Model组比,可不同程度改善肌纤维之间排列间隙、萎缩与断裂,肌细胞胞质染色不均一等,其中以BJF组疗效较为显著。与Control组比,Model组PEF、VT和EF50第8周起显著降低(P<0.01),BJF组、BJF+PIO组和Am组可以显著提高PEF、EF50(P<0.01)。与Control组比,Model组中IRS-1、PGC-1α和PI3K mRNA与蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),Leptin mRNA与蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.01);与Model组比,BJF组IRS-1、PGC-1α、PI3K mRNA与蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.05,P<0.01);PIO组IRS-1 mRNA表达水平显著增高(P<0.01);BJF+PIO组PGC-1αmRNA水平显著增高(P<0.01),IRS-1、PI3K mRNA与蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);Am组中PI3K mRNA与蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.01);4个用药组中Leptin mRNA的表达水平均显著降低(P<0.01),除Am组外,其余3个用药组Leptin蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01);与Control组比,Model组股四头肌组织中TFAM、p-AKT蛋白表达有明显的下降趋势,各治疗组的TFAM、p-AKT蛋白表达均有升高趋势,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论补肺健脾方可通过调控IRS-1/PI3K信号轴,改善骨骼肌线粒体的损伤,同时提高PGC-1α与线粒体转录因子TFAM的表达,增强线粒体的生物合成,从而减轻肺与骨骼肌组织的病理性损伤。

溃疡性结肠炎患者结肠黏膜组织微小RNA-155和细胞因子信号转导抑制因子1表达与疾病严重程度的相关性

目的探讨溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者结肠黏膜组织微小RNA-155(miR-155)、细胞因子信号转导抑制因子1(SOCS1)表达水平与疾病严重程度的关系。方法选取2021年9月至2023年6月河北北方学院附属第二医院收治的UC患者130例。按照改良Mayo评分系统将患者分为活动期组(n=85)和缓解期组(n=45);根据改良Truelove和Witts分型标准将UC活动期患者分为轻度组(n=35)、中度组(n=30)和重度组(n=20)。同时选取健康体检行结肠镜检查或结肠单发息肉切除术后复查结肠镜结果正常并排除其他疾病者共90例作为对照组。收集UC患者病变显著的结肠段黏膜组织和对照组距肛门20 cm处正常结肠黏膜组织。采用荧光定量PCR法测定组织中miR-155、SOCS1 mRNA表达水平,免疫组织化学法测定组织中SOCS1蛋白表达情况,分析UC患者结肠黏膜组织miR-155、SOCS1 mRNA和改良Mayo评分的相关性,评价miR-155、SOCS1 mRNA表达水平对UC活动期患者发生重度病情的预测价值。结果与对照组和缓解期组比较,活动期组结肠黏膜组织miR-155表达水平显著升高,SOCS1 mRNA表达水平、SOCS1蛋白阳性表达率显著降低(P均<0.001)。轻、中、重度组UC活动期患者结肠黏膜组织miR-155表达水平和改良Mayo评分依次升高,SOCS1 mRNA表达水平依次降低(P均<0.001)。UC患者结肠黏膜组织miR-155与改良Mayo评分呈正相关,SOCS1 mRNA与改良Mayo评分呈负相关(P均<0.001)。miR-155高表达(OR=2.762,95%CI=1.284~5.944,P=0.009)、SOCS1 mRNA低表达(OR=2.617,95%CI=1.302~5.258,P=0.007)、改良Mayo评分≥12分(OR=3.232,95%CI=1.450~7.204,P=0.004)是影响UC活动期患者发生重度病情的危险因素。miR-155和SOCS1 mRNA联合预测UC活动期患者发生重度病情的曲线下面积为0.920。结论miR-155、SOCS1 mRNA的表达水平与UC活动期患者的病情严重程度存在相关性,两者联合对UC活动期患者发生重度病情的预测效能较高。

微小RNA-150及靶基因SRC激酶信号抑制剂1在下肢深静脉血栓中的表达及作用机制

目的探讨微小RNA(miRNA)-150及靶基因SRC激酶信号抑制剂1(SRCIN1)在下肢深静脉血栓(LEDVT)中的表达及作用机制。方法收集2022年1月至2023年1月柳州市人民医院收治的60例LEDVT患者的临床资料作为LEDVT组,另纳入同期进行体检的60例健康者作为对照组。采集两组受试者的外周静脉血,并分离内皮祖细胞。通过荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测miRNA-150的表达水平,利用生物信息学分析和双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miRNA-150的靶基因,采用蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测SRCIN1蛋白的表达,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)实验检测内皮祖细胞增殖情况。结果与对照组相比,LEDVT组内皮祖细胞中miRNA-150的相对表达量明显降低(P﹤0.01)。生物信息学分析和双荧光素酶报告基因实验证实SRCIN1是miRNA-150的靶基因;在野生型SRCIN1中,与转染miRNA-NC的细胞相比,转染miRNA-150 agomir细胞的荧光素酶活性明显降低(P﹤0.01)。在突变型SRCIN1中,miRNA-150对SRCIN1的负向调控作用消失。Western blot检测结果显示,与miRNA-150antagomir组内皮祖细胞相比,miRNA-150 agomir组内皮祖细胞中SRCIN1蛋白的表达水平降低(P﹤0.05);与对照组相比,LDVT组内皮祖细胞中SRCIN1蛋白的表达水平升高(P﹤0.05)。MTT实验检测结果显示,与miRNA-150antagomir组相比,miRNA-150 agomir组的吸光度(OD)值在48、72 h时均明显升高(P﹤0.01)。结论miRNA-150在内皮祖细胞中的表达水平降低可能与LEDVT的发生、发展有关。高表达的miRNA-150可能通过靶向SRCIN1促进内皮祖细胞的增殖,从而达到治疗LEDVT的目的。

肺结核患者血清IP-10、SOCS1及CA125表达意义及其与引发支气管狭窄的相关性分析

目的分析肺结核患者血清γ干扰素诱导蛋白10(IP-10)、细胞因子信号转导抑制物1(SOCS1)及糖类抗原125(CA125)表达意义及其与引发支气管狭窄的相关性。方法回顾性选择2021年1月至2023年1月河北省胸科医院收治的116例肺结核患者作为观察组,同期116名健康体检者作为对照组。根据观察组患者胸部影像学检查结果,分为重度组(n=26)和轻中度组(n=90);通过纤维支气管镜检查及活检,判断患者是否存在支气管狭窄,分为支气管狭窄组(n=42)与单纯肺结核组(n=74)。检测所有入选者血清IP-10、SOCS1及CA125水平,比较血清IP-10、SOCS1及CA125在对照组与观察组、不同严重程度的肺结核患者中的差异性;比较支气管狭窄组与单纯肺结核组第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气峰流速(PEF);分析血清IP-10、SOCS1及CA125与肺结核患者肺功能相关指标及其并发支气管狭窄的相关性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清IP-10、SOCS1及CA125水平预测肺结核患者发生支气管狭窄的效能。结果观察组血清IP-10、CA125水平分别为(95.84±12.58)ng/L、(1.89±0.86)U/mL,均高于对照组[(71.25±5.63)ng/L、(0.74±0.23)U/mL],SOCS1水平为(165.32±7.95)μg/L,低于对照组[(252.54±24.71)μg/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重度组肺结核患者血清IP-10、CA125水平分别为(106.74±15.01)ng/L、(2.67±1.12)U/mL,均高于轻中度组[(89.72±8.16)ng/L、(1.45±0.60)U/mL],SOCS1水平为(154.12±6.07)μg/L,低于轻中度组[(200.75±15.83)μg/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。支气管狭窄组FEV1、FVC、PEF均小于单纯肺结核组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析,肺结核患者FEV1、FVC、PEF与血清IP-10、CA125水平呈正相关(P<0.05),与SOCS1水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。经ROC曲线分析,血清IP-10、SOCS1联合CA125预测肺结核患者发生支气管狭窄的敏感度为89.12%,特异度为48.63%,曲线下面积为0.924。结论肺结核患者血清IP-10、CA125水平明显升高,SOCS1水平降低,与病情严重程度相关,其联合预测支气管狭窄具有较好的效能。

miR-155通过SOCS1/STAT3途径调控类风湿性关节炎中炎症反应和Th17/Treg失衡

目的在类风湿性关节炎(RA)中探究miR-155和细胞因子信号转导抑制因子1(SOCS1)的表达及作用机制。方法采用RT-PCR和流式细胞术检测miR-155和Th17、Treg细胞在RA患者(RA组)和对照组(HC组)外周血中的表达差异;生物信息学和双荧光素酶基因报告实验检测miR-155和SOSC1的调控关系;分离RA患者外周CD4^(+)T细胞,将沉默miR-155与SOCS1表达的miR-155 inhibitor和si-SOCS1及各自的阴性对照序列分别或联合转染入CD4+T细胞中,并将细胞分为:miR-NC组、miR-155 inhibitor组、miR-155 inhibitor+si-NC组和miR-155 inhibitor+si-SOCS1组。使用Th17诱导分化液处理上述细胞后,采用流式细胞术检测各组CD4+T细胞中Th17比率,Western blot实验检测细胞中p-STAT3/STAT3比值。结果与HC组相比,RA患者中miR-155、Th17比率升高(P<0.01),Treg细胞比率降低(P<0.01);miR-155可靶向抑制SOCS1表达。与miR-NC组相比,miR-155 inhibitor组、miR-155 inhibitor+si-NC组和miR-155 inhibitor+si-SOCS1组中Th17比率、p-STAT3/STAT3比值均降低(P<0.01);与miR-155 inhibitor组相比,miR-155 inhibitor+si-SOCS1组CD4^(+)T细胞中Th17比率、p-STAT3/STAT3比值均升高(P<0.05)。结论在RA患者中表达升高的miR-155可能通过SOCS1/STAT3途径来介导CD4^(+)T细胞的Th17分化,从而参与RA患者外周Th17/Treg细胞失衡。

槲皮素预处理ALI大鼠肺组织损伤、炎症/氧化应激反应、铁死亡及Nrf2/HO-1信号通路激活情况观察

目的观察槲皮素灌胃预处理的LPS诱导急性肺损伤(ALI)大鼠肺组织损伤、炎症反应、氧化应激反应、铁死亡及Nrf2/HO-1信号通路激活情况,以探讨槲皮素对ALI的预防作用及机制。方法24只SD大鼠分为槲皮素低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组(地塞米松)、模型组、正常对照组。槲皮素低、中、高剂量组以25、50、100 mg/kg槲皮素灌胃,1次/天,连续7 d;槲皮素灌胃处理的第4天在大鼠气管内滴注5 mg/kg LPS;阳性对照组以地塞米松1.04 mg/kg灌胃,其余处理同槲皮素组;模型组以生理盐水灌胃,1次/天,连续7天,其余处理同槲皮素组;正常对照组以生理盐水连续灌胃7 d。末次灌注给药后,观察各组肺组织损伤(肺功能及肺组织病理改变、纤维组织阳性表达率、肺泡上皮细胞凋亡率)、炎症反应(肺泡灌洗液TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β)、氧化应激反应(肺泡灌洗液SOD、GSH、MDA,肺组织ROS)、铁死亡(Fe^(2+)水平)及Nrf2/HO-1信号通路激活[肺组织核因子红细胞2相关因子2(Nfr2)、血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)、超氧化物歧化酶2(SOD2)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)蛋白]情况。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组PaCO_(2)水平升高,PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)水平降低(P均<0.01);肺组织可见肺泡上皮细胞变性坏死,纤维组织阳性表达率高;肺泡上皮细胞凋亡率高;肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平均升高,SOD、GSH水平降低,MDA水平升高,肺组织ROS表达水平升高,肺泡灌洗液中Fe^(2+)水平升高(P均<0.05)。与模型组相比,槲皮素中、高剂量组和阳性对照组中PaCO_(2)均降低(P均<0.05),槲皮素高剂量组PaO_(2)和SaO_(2)水平升高(P均<0.05);槲皮素高剂量组与阳性对照组肺组织炎性浸润与纤维增生明显减少,肺泡恢复正常生理结构;槲皮素低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组肺纤维组织阳性表达率均下降(P均<0.05),其中槲皮素高剂量组肺纤维组织阳性表达率最低;槲皮素低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组肺泡上皮细胞凋亡率均降低(P均<0.01);槲皮素低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平均降低、SOD、GSH水平升高、MDA水平降低,肺组织ROS表达水平降低(P均<0.01),肺泡灌洗液中Fe^(2+)水平降低。与正常对照组比较,模型组肺组织中CAT、HO-1、Nrf2、SOD2蛋白表达水平低(P均<0.01);与模型组比较,槲皮素中、高剂量组和阳性对照组肺组织中CAT、HO-1、Nrf2、SOD2蛋白表达水平高(P均<0.05)。结论槲皮素灌胃预处理的ALI大鼠肺组织损伤、炎症反应、氧化应激反应、铁死亡情况减轻,Nfr2/HO-1信号通路激活;槲皮素灌胃预处理可预防LPS诱导的大鼠ALI,可能通过抑制炎症反应、氧化应激反应及铁死亡而起作用;槲皮素可能通过上调Nfr2/HO-1信号通路而抑制炎症反应、氧化应激反应及铁死亡;50、100 mg/kg槲皮素均对LPS诱导的大鼠ALI起预防作用,以100 mg/kg槲皮素的作用效果更佳。

阿芬太尼调节SphK1/S1P信号通路保护心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠

[目的]探究阿芬太尼对心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)大鼠的作用及在该过程中对鞘氨醇激酶1(SphK1)/鞘氨醇-1-磷酸(S1P)信号通路的调节机制。[方法]将SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、阳性药物组(复方丹参组)和阿芬太尼低剂量组、阿芬太尼高剂量组、阿芬太尼高剂量+SphK1激动剂组(阿芬太尼+PMA组),每组20只。除假手术组,其余组均利用结扎左前降支冠状动脉后再灌注复制MIRI模型。全自动生物化学分析仪检测血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性;TTC检测大鼠心肌梗死面积;HE染色观察大鼠心肌组织形态学特征;TUNEL染色检测大鼠心肌细胞凋亡;ELISA检测血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)及S1P的水平;试剂盒检测心肌组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性;Western blot检测心肌组织SphK1蛋白表达。[结果]相较于假手术组,模型组大鼠心肌组织病理损伤严重,血清中心肌损伤标志物LDH、CK和AST的活性,心肌梗死面积和心肌细胞凋亡率,TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、MDA、S1P水平及SphK1蛋白表达均升高,SOD活性降低(P<0.05);相较于模型组,阳性药物组和阿芬太尼低、高剂量组大鼠心肌组织损伤减轻,血清中心肌损伤标志物LDH、CK和AST的活性,心肌梗死面积和心肌细胞凋亡率,TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、MDA、S1P水平及SphK1蛋白表达均降低,SOD活性升高(P<0.05)。SphK1激动剂可逆转高剂量阿芬太尼对上述指标的影响(P<0.05)。[结论]阿芬太尼对MIRI大鼠发挥保护作用,其机制可能与抑制SphK1/S1P信号通路有关。

软骨细胞中SIRT1基因敲减后作用状态不明确信号通路及对相关疾病或功能的影响

背景:沉默信息调节因子1以去乙酰化的方式调控软骨细胞中相关蛋白的功能,参与软骨细胞增殖分化,促进软骨缺损修复。目的:利用高通量技术筛选软骨细胞中沉默信息调节因子1基因敲减后作用状态不明确的信号通路以及产生变化的疾病或功能。方法:取处于对数生长期的小鼠ATDC5软骨细胞,分2组转染:对照组转染沉默信息调节因子1基因敲减阴性对照慢病毒,实验组转染沉默信息调节因子1基因敲减慢病毒。转染72 h后,利用小鼠基因表达谱芯片GeneChip®Mouse Genome 4302.0 Array检测mRNA的基因层面变化情况,应用生物信息学技术筛选激活或抑制不明确的信号通路以及这些信号通路相关因子,并分析疾病或功能模块的富集情况。结果与结论:①沉默信息调节因子1基因敲减后,小鼠ATDC5软骨细胞中激活或抑制状态不明确的信号通路有245条;②根据-log(P-value)排序选择排前20的激活或抑制状态不明确信号通路中的因子情况进行报道,包括IGFBP4、TGFBR1、CTGF、COL4A5、LHX2、IL1RL1、KLF6等;③根据-log(P-value)进行排序,细胞生长和增殖、生物体存活和细胞死亡与存活等14个疾病和功能密切相关模块明显变化;根据差异基因数量排序,生物体损伤和异常、癌症和细胞死亡与存活3个疾病和功能密切相关模块明显变化;根据-log(P-value)与差异基因数量综合排序,固有免疫应答这一疾病和功能模块被显著激活。

冬凌草甲素调节JAK2/STAT3/SOCS-1信号通路对糖耐量异常大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的探讨冬凌草甲素(Oridonin,Ori)对糖耐量异常(impaired glucose tolerance,IGT)大鼠胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)的影响及作用机制。方法采用高脂饮食喂养联合链脲佐菌素注射法构建IGT大鼠IR模型,大鼠分为正常组(CT组)、IGT模型组(IGT组)、Ori组(10 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、Ori+Colivelin(COL)组(10 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)Ori+2 mg/kg COL),每组6只。血糖检测仪测定空腹血糖(FPG)、葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)2 h血糖(2 hPG),ELISA试剂盒测定空腹胰岛素(FINS)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),血液自动分析仪测定血清胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,HE染色观察肝脏病理形态,Western blot验证附睾脂肪磷酸化(p)-激活Janus激活激酶2(JAK2)、JAK2、p-信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)、STAT3、p-细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白1(SOCS-1)、SOCS-1蛋白表达。结果与CT组比较,IGT组大鼠肝脏细胞肿胀,胞浆内可见大量大小不一的脂肪空泡,细胞核被脂肪空泡挤压偏位,且发生炎性细胞浸润,FPG、2hPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C、MCP-1、TNF-α以及p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3、p-SOCS-1/SOCS-1蛋白表达水平升高,血清HDL-C水平下降(P<0.05);与IGT组相比,Ori组大鼠肝脏细胞胞浆内脂肪滴及空泡数量明显减少,细胞肿胀有所缓解,未见炎性细胞浸润,FPG、2hPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C、MCP-1、TNF-α以及p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3、p-SOCS-1/SOCS-1蛋白表达水平下降,血清HDL-C水平升高(P<0.05);与Ori组相比,Ori+COL组大鼠肝脏脂肪变状况加剧,细胞肿大,血清FPG、2hPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C、MCP-1、TNF-α以及p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3、p-SOCS-1/SOCS-1蛋白表达水平升高,血清HDL-C水平下降(P<0.05)。结论Ori对IGT大鼠IR的缓解作用可能与抑制JAK2/STAT3/SOCS-1信号通路激活有关。

COPD急性加重期患者外周血单个核细胞SOCS-1、TLR4 mRNA及血清cTnT、尿酸水平变化分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期患者外周血单个核细胞中细胞因子信号抑制蛋白-1(SOCS-1)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA水平及血清心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、尿酸水平变化。方法收集COPD急性加重期(组)患者70例,COPD稳定期(组)患者40例,对照组健康志愿者40名。检测外周血单个核细胞SOCS-1、TLR4 mRNA水平及血清cTnT、尿酸浓度;行肺功能检查并记录相关指标(FEV1、FEV1%、FEV1/FVC%)。对COPD急性加重期患者进行1 a随访,分为预后不良组和预后良好组。对外周血单个核细胞SOCS-1、TLR4 mRNA水平、血清cTnT、尿酸浓度行Pearson相关性分析,并对COPD急性加重期患者预后评估价值进行ROC曲线分析。结果COPD急性加重期组SOCS-1 mRNA表达水平明显低于COPD稳定期组、对照组,TLR4 mRNA水平及血清cTnT、尿酸浓度明显高于COPD稳定期组和对照组(均P<0.01)。COPD急性加重期组FEV1、FEV1%、FEV1/FVC%明显低于COPD稳定期组和对照组(P<0.05)。COPD急性加重期患者FEV1/FVC%与外周血单个核细胞SOCS-1 mRNA表达水平呈正相关关系(P<0.01),与外周血单个核细胞TLR4 mRNA水平及血清cTnT、尿酸浓度呈负相关关系(P<0.01)。预后不良组SOCS-1 mRNA水平明显低于预后良好组,TLR4 mRNA水平及血清cTnT、尿酸浓度明显高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。外周血单个核细胞SOCS-1、TLR4 mRNA水平及血清cTnT、尿酸联合检测对COPD急性加重期患者预后具有较高的评估价值。结论COPD急性加重期患者SOCS-1低表达,TLR4、cTnT、尿酸高表达,且与肺功能水平密切相关,联合检测对患者预后具有较高的评估价值。

西黄胶囊联合西妥昔单抗通过Nrf2/HO-1信号通路调控结直肠癌细胞凋亡、迁移以及侵袭的作用机制研究

目的研究西黄胶囊联合西妥昔单抗通过Nrf2/HO-1信号通路对结直肠癌细胞凋亡、迁移以及侵袭的调控作用。方法使用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK8)确定西黄胶囊和西妥昔单抗对结直肠癌HCT-116细胞活力的影响。使用流式细胞术、划痕法和侵袭小室法检测西黄胶囊联合西妥昔单抗对结直肠癌HCT-116细胞凋亡、迁移以及侵袭的影响。使用蛋白质印迹技术检测西黄胶囊联合西妥昔单抗对结直肠癌HCT-116细胞B细胞淋巴瘤2(BCL2)、BCL2关联X蛋白(BAX)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)、锌指蛋白232(ZNF320)、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGA)、糖原合成酶激酶3β(GSK3β)、核因子E2相关因子2(NRF2)和血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)表达的影响。结果CCK8实验结果显示,西黄胶囊和西妥昔单抗对HCT-116细胞活力最佳抑制时间是72 h,IC 50分别为5.28%和170.20 mg/L。与对照组相比,西黄胶囊和西妥昔单抗增加HCT-116细胞的凋亡(P<0.05)、抑制HCT-116细胞迁移以及侵袭(P<0.05)。与单独使用西黄胶囊或西妥昔单抗相比,西黄胶囊联合西妥昔单抗对HCT-116细胞的促凋亡效果和对迁移以及侵袭的抑制效果更加明显(P<0.05)。蛋白质印迹技术结果显示,与对照组比较,西黄胶囊和西妥昔单抗促进HCT-116细胞的BAX表达(P<0.05),抑制BCL2、MMP2、MMP9、ZNF320、VEGA、GSK3B、NRF2、HO-1的表达(P<0.05)。此外,与单独使用西黄胶囊或西妥昔单抗相比,西黄胶囊联合西妥昔单抗的效果更加明显(P<0.05)。结论西黄胶囊联合西妥昔单抗可能通过抑制Nrf2/HO-1信号通路抑制结直肠癌HCT-116细胞的活力、迁移以及侵袭,促进细胞凋亡,且西黄胶囊联合西妥昔单抗的干预效果优于单独使用西黄胶囊或西妥昔单抗。