IL-17 Induces MPTP Opening through ERK2 and P53 Signaling Pathway in Human Platelets

The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore（MPTP） plays a critical role in platelet activation. However,the potential trigger of the MPTP opening in platelet activation remains unknown. Inflammation is the crucial trigger of platelet activation. In this study,we aimed to explore whether and how the important inflammatory cytokine IL-17 is associated with MPTP opening in platelets activation by using MPTP inhibitor cyclosporine-A（Cs A）. The mitochondrial membrane potential（Δψm） was detected to reflect MPTP opening levels. And the platelet aggregation,activation,and the primary signaling pathway were also tested. The results showed that the MPTP opening levels were increased and Δψm reduced in platelets administrated with IL-17. Moreover,the levels of aggregation,CD62 P,PAC-1,P53 and the phosphorylation of ERK2 were enhanced along with the MPTP opening in platelets pre-stimulated with IL-17. However,Cs A attenuated these effects triggered by IL-17. It was suggested that IL-17 could induce MPTP opening through ERK2 and P53 signaling pathway in platelet activation and aggregation.

RF characteristics of wireless capsule endoscopy in human body

The wireless capsule endoscope,as a small electronic device,has conquered some limitations of traditional wired diagnosing tools,such as the uncomfortableness of the cables for the patient and the inability to examine the very convoluted small intestine section.However,this technique is still encountering a lot of practical challenges and is looking for feasible improvements.This work investigates the RF performance of the wireless capsule endoscope system by studying the electromagnetic(EM) wave propagation within the human body.A wireless capsule endoscopy transmission channel model is constructed to serve the purpose of investigating signal attenuations according to the relative position between the transmitter and the receiver.Within 300-500 MHz,the S_(21) results are regular and do not display any sudden changes,which allows a suitable expression to be derived for S_(21) in terms of frequency and offset.The results provide useful information for capsule localization.

POWER-AWARE ROUTING BASED ON DSR FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

Energy consumption is a crucial design concern in Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) since nodes are powered by batteries with limited energy, whereas Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol does not take the energy limitation of MANET nodes into account. This paper proposes an energy-saving routing algorithm based on DSR: Power Aware Routing protocol based on DSR (PAR-DSR). The design objective of PAR-DSR is to select energy-efficient paths. The main features of PAR-DSR are: (1) Nodes use the Signal Attenuation Rate (SAR) to conduct power control operations; (2) Minimum path cost as metric to balance the traffic and energy consumption of wireless nodes. The simulation results show that PAR-DSR can greatly reduce the energy consumption of MANET nodes. The average node lifetime of PAR-DSR is 50%-77% longer than that of DSR.

Impact of China’s high speed train window glass on GNSS signals and positioning performance

High speed train(HST)is an excellent platform to perform ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution observations of atmosphere using global navigation satellite systems(GNSS).However,we find that signal attenuation caused by HST window glass is a major barrier for HST-based GNSS applications inside HST chambers.A field experiment is conducted to analyze the effect of HST glass on GNSS signal propagation.In the experiment,GNSS observations are collected and analyzed from a receiver covered with an HST window glass and one with an open-sky view.The size of the HST window glass is 670 mm×720 mm,with a thickness of 34 mm.The window glass is a double-glazing glass in which each layer has an actual thickness of 6 mm,and the two layers are separated by an air gap of 22 mm.The experiment results indicate that HST window glass can cause significant degradation to GNSS signals and even loss of tracking of the signal.Based on statistical results,HST window glass causes 39%,56%,49%,and 59%loss in GPS,GLONASS,Galileo,and BDS signals,respectively.Additionally,up to 20 dB-Hz of carrier-to-noise ratio(C/N0)degradation is also observed in the remaining observations.The significant signal attenuation and loss further lead to the decrease in the number of tracked satellites and occurrence of more cycle slips.The results of the study indicate that 44-230 cycle slips are detected for the HST glass-covered receiver whereas the receiver without glass does not exhibit more than 16 cycle slips.Additionally,the number of GNSS satellites tracked by the HST glass-covered receiver is reduced by 65%owing to the loss of signal.Furthermore,GNSS positioning performances from two receivers are also tested.With respect to GPS+GLONASS static precise point positioning(PPP),HST glass causes a degradation of 1.516 m and 1.159 m in the single-frequency and dual-frequency three-dimensional positioning accuracy,respectively.With respect to the GPS+GLONASS kinematic PPP,the accuracy degradations for single-frequency and dual-frequency kinematic PPP are 2.670 m and 4.821 m,respectively.

Study of the front-end signal for the 3-inch PMTs instrumentation in JUNO

A total of 25,6003-inch PMTs will be installed in Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)to achieve more precise energy calibration and to extend the physics detection potential.Performances of all bare PMTs have been characterized and these PMTs are being instrumented with the high voltage divider,underwater front-end cable,and connector.In this paper,we present a dedicated study on signal quality at different stages of the instrumentation.An optimized high voltage ratio was confirmed andfinalized which improved the PMT transit time spread by 25%.The signal charge was attenuated by 22.5%(13.0%)in the 10 m(5 m)cable and it required the addition of 45 V(23 V)to compensate for the loss of PMT gain.There was a 1%overshoot following the PMT signal and no sign of reflection in the connector.A group of 163-inch PMTs with the full instrumentation was installed in the JUNO prototype detector together with a few 8-inch and 20-inch PMTs,which showed good stability and demonstrated a photon detection system with multiple types of PMTs.

Extraction of mode attenuation coefficient from low frequency reverberation signal

A method of extracting normal mode attenuation coefficient from low frequency reverberation signal has been proposed.Pseudo-inverse normal mode filtering method is implemented to get single mode reverberation field firstly.Based on the assumption of separability of modal back-scattering matrix,effective back-scattering matrix element can be calculated using single mode average reverberation intensity.Finally,mode attenuation coefficient is extracted by comparing effective back-scattering matrix elements at different ranges.The extracted mode attenuation coefficients are used to predict sound transmission loss at the same experiment area. Results show that the predicted transmission loss agrees well with the measured data.This method avoids the difficult of treating the coupling between bottom scattering attenuation and normal mode propagation attenuation.Research on extraction of mode attenuation coefficient from low frequency reverberation signal is useful for both geoacoustic inversion and rapid underwater environment assessment.

Performance analysis for a two-way relaying power line network with analog network coding

In this paper, we investigate a two-way relaying power line communication （PLC） network with analog network coding. We focus on the analysis of the system outage probability, symbol error rate, and average capacity. Specifically, we first derive the probability density function （PDF） of the received signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） with a closed form, by exploiting the statistical properties of the PLC channel. Then with the help of this PDF, we develop the outage probability, symbol error rate, and average capacity with closed forms, based on the Hermite polynomial. Simulations show that the derived analytical results are consistent with those by Monte Carlo simulation.