Application of the direct blast adaptive suppression method to the forward scattered broadband signals

The basic principles of target detection by forward acoustic scattering are presented.A direct blast suppression approach based on adaptive filtering(DBS-AF) is proposed to suppress the direct blast.The DBS-AF technique is extended to the linear frequency modulation(LFM) signal,where the envelope of the signal is regarded as a 'general waveform' and imported into the adaptive filter.Application of the DBS-AF method to the data collected from a lake trial yields an output detection curve,in which the direct blast is mapped to the background while the acoustic field aberration is represented by the peak value fluctuation.The inhibitory effect in single hydrophone is approximately- 5 dB,and is then enhanced by exploiting the mean value removal approach as a preprocessing technique.The direct blast is further suppressed to a level of-10 dB by making full use of multichannel receptions.The main factors affecting the algorithm performance are as follows:the fluctuation degree of the receptions during the weighting vector training period and the power ratio of the forward scattered wave to the direct blast when the target is present.

Magnaporthe Rab5 homologs show distinct functions in nerve growth factor(NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth and cell differentiation

Nerve growth factor（NGF） binds to TrkA and forms a NGF/TrkA complex at the cell surface,which is then internalized into signaling endosomes and promotes neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth.The small GTPase Rab5 is reported to localize on the plasma membrane and early endosomes,regulating endosome fusion.It was reported that endogenous Rab5 function may need to be suppressed during NGF-induced neurite outgrowth and cell differentiation.Two Rab5 homologs（MoRab5A：MGG_06241 and MoRab5B：MGG_01185） were characterized from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae,and MoRab5 B was identified as the Rab5 ortholog promoting early endosomal fusion,while MoRab5 A specialized to perform a non-redundant function in endosomal sorting.In this study,we examined whether MoRab5 A and MoRab5 B play different roles in NGF-induced neurite outgrowth and cell differentiation in PC12 cells（a rat pheochromocytoma cell line）.Our data showed that MoRab5 B is a negative regulator of NGF signaling and neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells,similar to human Rab5（hRab5）.MoRab5B：WT inhibits NGF signaling-dependent neurite outgrowth while the dominant-negative MoRab5 B mutant（MoRab5B：DN） enhances NGF signaling and neurite outgrowth.In contrast,MoRab5A：WT and MoRab5A：DN both significantly promote NGF-induced neurite outgrowth,indicating that MoRab5 B is more similar to hRab5 than MoRab5 A in the regulation of NGF signal transduction.

Estrogen-estrogen receptor signaling suppresses the transcription of ERRF in breast cancer cells

The estrogen receptor （ER）-related factor （ERRF） was previously reported as a novel modulator of breast cancer （Suet al., 2012）. Its expression was upregulated in breast cancer, and increased ERRF expression was significantly associated with ER and/or progesterone receptor （PR） positivity and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER2） negativity （Suet al., 2012）. In addition, ERRF was necessary for ER-positive breast cancer cells to form tumors in nude mice （Suet al., 2012）. Unexpectedly,