Studies of Cyclohexane Catalytic Oxidation Processes over Titanium Silicate-1 Zeolite

The catalytic oxidation processes for cyclohexane/H_2O_2/acetone system overthe TS-1 zeolite was studied. Study results have revealed that the cyclohexane conversion was 27%after the reaction proceeded at 100℃ for 2 hours at a cyclohexane/H_2O_2 molar ratio of 0.8. Thecyclohexanol/cyclohexanone molar ratio was 1.3 along with a certain amount of organic acids andesters, the formation of which was closely associated with the oxidation of reaction solvent anddeep oxidation of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol contained in the reaction products. With respect tothe catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane/H_2O_2 system the selection of appropriate solvent wascritically important.

Phosphotungstic acid immobilized on amino-functionalized TS-1 zeolite as a solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of tributyl citrate

The amino-functionalization of TS-1 zeolite followed by immobilization of phosphotungstic acid(HPW)was presented to prepare a strong solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of bio-based tributyl citrate from the esterification of citric acid and n-butanol.γ-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was first grafted on the TS-1 zeolite via the condensation reactions with surface hydroxyl groups,and subsequently the HPW was immobilized via the reaction between the amino groups and the protons from HPW-forming strong ionic bonding.The Keggin structure of HPW and MFI topology of TS-1 zeolite were well maintained after the modifications.The amino-functionalization generated abundant uniformly distributed active sites on TS-1 for HPW immobilization,which promoted the dispersity,abundance,as well as the stability of the acid sites.The tetrahedrally coordinated framework titanium and non-framework titania behaved as weak Lewis acid sites,and the protons from the immobilized HPW acted as the moderate or strong Brønsted acid sites.An optimized TBC yield of 96.2%(mol)with a conversion of-COOH of 98.1%(mol)was achieved at 150℃for 6 h over the HPW immobilized on amino-functionalized TS-1.The catalyst exhibited good stability after four consecutive reaction runs,where the activity leveled off at still a relatively high level after somewhat deactivation possibly caused by the leaching of a small portion of weakly anchored APTES or HPW.

Titanium-rich TS-1 zeolite for highly efficient oxidative desulfurization

The exploration of highly efficient catalysts based on nano-sized Ti-rich titanosilicate zeolites with controllable active titanium species is of great importance in zeolite catalytic reactions.Herein,we reported an efficient and facile synthesis of nano-sized Ti-rich TS-1(MFI)zeolites by replacing tetrabutyl orthotitanate(TBOT)with tetrabutyl orthotitanate tetramer(TBOT-tetramer)as the titanium source.The introduced TBOT-tetramer slowed down the zeolite crystallization process,and accordingly balanced the rate of incorporating Ti and the crystal growth and inhibited the massive formation of anatase species.Notably,the prepared Ti-rich TS-1 zeolite sample had a Si/Ti as low as 27.6 in contrast to conventional one with a molar ratio of 40.The TBOT-tetramer endowed the titanosilicate zeolites with enriched active titanium species and enlarged external surface area.It also impeded the formation of anatase species,resulting in superior catalytic behavior toward the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene compared with the conventional TS-1 zeolite counterpart prepared with TBOT.

Elucidating the effect of oxides on the zeolite catalyzed alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene

In the present work, the effect of oxides on the alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene was comprehensively investigated over MCM-49 n-heptanol, n-heptaldehyde and n-heptanoic acid were selected as the model oxides herein, and obvious decrease of lifetime could be caused by only trace amount of oxides added in the feedstocks. However, the deactivated catalysts were difficult to be regenerated by extraction with hot benzene. Additionally, coke-burning was also proved to be incapable to regenerate the deactivated catalysts mainly for the dealumination during calcination. Further characterizations complementary with DFT calculations were conducted to demonstrate that the deactivation was mainly due to the firm adsorption of oxides on the acid sites.

过渡金属负载Silicalite-1分子筛的制备及其催化糠醛加氢性能研究

糠醛是一种重要的生物质平台分子,研发具有高活性和稳定性的糠醛加氢催化剂是当前的研究焦点,但贵金属催化剂的高成本问题使得其难以满足大规模工业生产的需求。利用一步水热法成功地合成了过渡金属负载Silicalite-1分子筛催化剂,并探讨了引入不同类型的过渡金属(如Ni、Co、Cu和Fe)对Silicalite-1分子筛结构产生的影响。研究结果表明:低金属负载量并不会对分子筛结构的形成产生影响,同时金属物种在分子筛载体的表面也能均匀分布。在糠醛的加氢转化过程中,Ni基催化剂S-Ni2展现出优异的糠醛转化能力,糠醛的转化率高达96%,产物呋喃的选择性保持在71%左右。Cu基催化剂S-Cu1表现出优异的糠醇选择性,产物选择性接近100%,这一性能明显优于通过浸渍法制得的铜基催化剂(76%)。因此,与浸渍法相比,采用一步水热法可以获得具有高选择性的催化剂,且该方法简单易操作。本研究为寻找高效、稳定且经济的金属加氢催化剂开辟了新的方向,并促进了生物质资源的高值化应用。

自模板法制备大孔-微孔等级孔TS-1分子筛及其1-己烯环氧化性能

针对等级孔钛硅分子筛TS-1合成方法存在步骤复杂及成本高等难题,使用二氧化硅纳米球同时作为硅源和大孔模板,结合蒸汽辅助结晶方法,通过“硅源溶解-分子筛结晶”过程形成大孔结构,得到大孔-微孔TS-1分子筛。通过调控二氧化硅纳米球的尺寸,可以系统调变大孔直径(100~500 nm)。此外,合成的大孔-微孔TS-1分子筛硅/钛摩尔比可调(30、50、100)。HTS-1-200-30分子筛样品在1-己烯催化环氧化反应中,温度343 K、反应时间6 h条件下1-己烯转化率可达41%,高于微孔TS-1分子筛的催化性能。研究所采用的自模板法使用低成本St9ber法制备二氧化硅纳米球,相较于高成本介孔二氧化硅纳米球,降低了等级孔钛硅分子筛的合成成本,适用于工业大规模生产。

无溶剂快速合成S-1和TS-1分子筛

Silicalite-1(S-1)和Titanium Silicalite-1(TS-1)沸石分子筛因其良好的疏水性、热稳定性和择形性等特点,作为环境友好的绿色催化剂在工业应用上极具优势和价值.采用无溶剂法成功合成了TS-1分子筛,并利用X-射线衍射仪、全自动比表面和孔隙分析仪、紫外可见光谱仪和扫描电镜等表征仪器研究了晶化时间和硅钛摩尔比对所制备TS-1分子筛的物化性质的影响.结果表明,合成的TS-1沸石分子筛具有较高的结晶度和纯度、均一的晶粒大小、高的比表面积和在分子筛骨架中四配位和六配位的钛物种.无溶剂合成TS-1沸石具有低成本、环境友好和高效的优点,研究将为工业上沸石的规模合成提供一定的理论借鉴.

Pt supported on Zn modified silicalite-1 zeolite as a catalyst for n-hexane aromatization

Platinum(Pt)supported on Zinc(Zn)modified silicalite-1(S-1)zeolite(denoted as Pt-Zn/S-1)was prepared by using a wetness-impregnation method and applied in the n-hexane aromatization reaction for the first time.Both Lewis and Bronsted acid sites were detected in Pt-Zn/S-1 catalyst by means of FT-IR adsorption of NH3 experiment,which were identified as mostly weak and medium ones.Besides,Pt and Zn species showed strong interaction,as revealed by the TPR(Temperature-programmed reduction)and XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)experiments.Pt-Zn/S-1 catalyst exhibited excellent aromatization function rather than isomerization and cracking side reactions in the conversion of n-hexane.Pulse experimental study showed that 75.6%of n-hexane conversion and 76.8%of benzene selectivity were obtained over Pt0.1-Zn60/S-l catalyst at 550℃ and under atmospheric pressure.By spectroscopy tests and pulse experimental results,it was concluded that the n-hexane aromatization over Pt-Zn/S-1 catalyst follows a metal-acid bifunctional mechanism.Furthermore,with the assistance of Zn,the electron-deficient Pt species in Pt-Zn/S-1 showed good sulfur tolerance performance.

Fe原位改性小晶粒Silicalite-1分子筛催化醛氨缩合性能研究

吡啶及其衍生物统称为吡啶碱,其广泛应用于农药、医药等领域。Chichibabin醛氨缩合反应是目前工业制取吡啶碱最广泛的路线。目前,使用最广泛的ZSM-5分子筛受制于硅铝骨架结构的不稳定性,高活性反应周期较短(5 h),针对这一问题,本研究选用热稳定性、水热稳定性优异的Silicalite-1分子筛,使用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为胶体分散剂,在水热合成分子筛的过程中向骨架中引入Fe,结合XRD、SEM、TG、BET、NH3-TPD、Py-FTIR等表征方法探究了晶化条件对Silicalite-1分子筛结晶度、孔结构和酸性质的影响。实验结果表明,在晶种投入量15%、PVP添加量3.75%时产品相对结晶度达到最高(103%),粒径约为200 nm。改性后的Silicalite-1具有更丰富的酸位点,醛氨缩合反应的初始活性由66%增加至85%,在反应进行15 h后,原料转化率和吡啶碱收率分别保持在66%和40%以上。研究提出的原位改性Silicalite-1分子筛策略极大扩宽了纯硅沸石在酸催化领域的应用,具有显著的科研价值和工业化潜力。

Experiment and Modeling of Pure and Binary Adsorption of n-Butane and Butene-1 on ZSM-5 Zeolites with Different Si/Al Ratios

Four ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts with different Si/Al ratios for the catalytic cracking of C4 fractions to produce ethylene and propylene were prepared in this study.First,the adsorption isotherms of pure n-butane and butene-1 and their mixtures on these catalysts at 300K and p=0—100kPa were measured using the intelligent gra- vimetric analyzer.The experimental results indicate that the presence of Al can significantly affect the adsorption of butene-1 than that of n-butane on ZSM-5 zeolites.Then,the double Langmuir(DL)model was applied to study the pure gas adsorption on ZSM-5 zeolites for pure n-butane and butene-1.By combining the DL model with the ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST),the IAST-DL model was applied to model the butene-1(1)/n-butane(2)binary mixture adsorption on ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios.The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data,indicating that the IAST-DL model is effective for the present systems.Finally,the adsorp- tion over a wide range of variables was predicted at low pressure and 300K by the model proposed.It is found that the selectivity of butene-1 over n-butane increases linearly with the decrease of Si/Al ratio.A correlation between the selectivity and Si/Al ratio of the sample was proposed at 300K and p=0.08MPa.

薄片状PtZn@Silicalite-1分子筛的合成及催化丙烷脱氢性能研究

采用水热晶化法,以四甲基胍(TMG)为形貌调控剂,一步合成封装PtZn纳米合金的薄片状Silicalite-1分子筛(PtZn@Silicalite-1)。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对样品进行表征分析,并考察了其丙烷脱氢催化性能。结果显示,加入TMG可有效调控Silicalite-1分子筛晶体的生长取向,晶体沿b轴的尺寸与TMG/SiO_(2)的比值呈反比。在550℃和纯丙烷气氛下,片状PtZn@Silicalite-1催化剂表现出优异的丙烷脱氢性能,经过20 h的连续反应,其失活常数仅为0.007 h^(-1),而常规PtZn@Silicalite-1催化剂为0.013 h^(-1)。结合表征结果,薄片状分子筛催化剂具有更大的外比表面积和更短的b轴直通道,这提高了脱氢活性位的可接近性,缩短了气体分子在孔道中的扩散路径,从而提升了催化剂的活性和稳定性。

Quasi-solid state synthesis of EU-1 zeolite and its catalytic properties for the isomerization of C_8 aromatics

In this study,EU-1 zeolite was successfully synthesized via a quasi-solid state approach and assembled to catalyst for the C 8 aromatics isomerization process.The catalytic properties were tuned through careful modification of the acidity of EU-1 zeolites and metal-doping of the catalyst.It was shown that EU-1 was an excellent candidate for the C 8 aromatics isomerization process due to its unique structure.In addition,steam treatment of EU-1 at 450-500 ℃ could optimize the acidic properties of the catalyst,hence enhance its catalytic performance.The effect of the amount of Pt on ethylbenzene conversion was studied and the optimum amount was determined to be about 0.3-0.4 wt%.It was confirmed that EU-1 zeolite prepared via a quasi-solid state approach and then dealuminated by steam treatment had better activity and selectivity than conventional mordenite（MOR） zeolite and could be an excellent candidate for C 8 aromatics isomerization.

The synthetic strategies of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites for the oxidative desulfurization reactions

With the increasingly stringent standards for limiting sulfide content in liquid fuels,oxidative desulfurization(ODS)has become a promising ultra-deep desulfurization process in fuel desulfurization.TS-1 zeolites show great potential as catalysts for ODS reactions,due to its remarkable oxidation activity at low temperatures and pressure.However,the inherent microporous structure of conventional TS-1 zeolites restricts the mass transportation and renders the active sites in the microporous space of TS-1 zeolites inaccessible for bulky aromatic organosulfur compounds.Fabrication of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites by incorporating meso-/macropores into microporous TS-1 zeolites is an effective strategy to improve mass transportability.In recent years,abundant efforts have been dedicated to developing synthetic strategies of hierarchical TS-1 zeolite,thereby improving its catalytic performance in the ODS process.This mini-review addresses the synthetic methods of hierarchical TS-1 catalysts and their catalytic performance in the ODS reactions.In addition,some current problems and prospects of synthesis routes for constructing hierarchical TS-1 catalysts have also been revised.We expect this mini-review to shed light on the more efficient preparation strategies of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites for the ODS process.

具有高活性六配位Ti物种的多级孔TS-1分子筛的合成及应用

针对传统微孔TS-1分子筛孔道传输限制以及催化活性低的问题,采用碱腐蚀法制备了3种具有不同孔道结构以及不同钛物种分布的TS-1分子筛催化剂,采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附等温线、红外光谱、紫外-拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱和核磁共振等测试手段对其进行表征,并对其催化苯乙烯氧化反应性能进行评价。结果表明:与单独使用氢氧化钠或四丙基氢氧化铵溶液进行后处理相比,经过四丙基氢氧化铵和乙醇胺混合溶液处理的TS-1分子筛(TS-1-TE)具有最大的外比表面积和介孔体积,有效提高了客体分子的流通扩散效率;同时由于乙醇胺与钛物种的配位作用和四丙基氢氧化铵的重结晶作用,使得从骨架脱出的四配位钛物种能够以单核六配位Ti物种的形式存在于分子筛骨架中,有利于提高催化剂的活性;在温度60℃、压力0.116 MPa、反应时间6 h和催化剂用量50 mg的条件下,TS-1-TE催化剂表现出最高的反应活性,苯乙烯转化率为74.9%,六配位Ti原子转化数为197。

Amino acid-assisted synthesis of TS-1 zeolites containing highly catalytically active TiO_(6)species

Tailoring the Ti coordination states in titanosilicate zeolites to simultaneously improve feedstock conversion and maximize the target product selectivity remains a challenge in the pursuit of high-performance catalysts for selective oxidation reactions.Herein,we provide a facile strategy to synthesize hierarchical anatase-free TS-1(MFI-type)zeolites with tetrahedrally coordinated(TiO_(4))and octahedrally coordinated Ti species(TiO_(6)).The TiO_(4)species provide high epoxide selectivity,while the TiO_(6)species afford improved alkene conversion.This strategy is achieved by synergistically using an L-lysine-assisted approach and a two-step crystallization;the two-step crystallization approach prevents the formation of anatase TiO_(2),while L-lysine stabilizes the TiO_(6)species and ensures efficient incorporation of TiO_(6)into the anatase-free TS-1 zeolites.Compared with their conventional counterparts,which only contain TiO_(4)species,the as-prepared TS-1 zeolites(Si/Ti=36.9)result in a higher 1-hexene conversion(33%),higher TON value(153),and comparable epoxide selectivity(95%).This synthetic strategy provides avenues to tailor the amount and distribution of Ti species in titanosilicate zeolites to achieve high catalytic performances in various processes.

Synthesis, characteristics of hierarchical EU-1 zeolite for xylene isomerization probe reaction

Introduced a method of synthesizing hierarchical EU-1 zeolite with organosilanes as additive, and studied the influences of following different kinds of organosilanes on the synthesis of hierarchical EU-1 zeolite: γ-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane(GPTMS), N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl methyl dimethoxyl silane(APAEDMS),and N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl dimethoxyl(ethyoxyl) silane(TMPED). The hierarchical EU-1 samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, N_2 adsorption, FT-IR and NH_3-TPD to analyze the crystallinity, morphology, surface area, pore size distribution and acidity. The results showed that hierarchical EU-1 zeolites were successfully synthesized; organosilanes have great influence on crystal morphology of EU-1 zeolites; the exterior surface area of hierarchical EU-1 zeolite, which synthesized with organosilanes(APAEDMS) adding into synthesis system, increased by 62.1% and mesopore volume increased by 129.1% compared with conventional EU-1 zeolites, thus can reduce the diffusional restriction markedly in catalytic reaction. The catalytic performance of hierarchical EU-1zeolites were evaluated in m-xylene isomerization on fixed bed reactor. The catalytic data showed that the isomerization activity PX/X of the hierarchical EU-1 zeolites reached around 24.09% in theoretical thermodynamic equilibrium from 23.83%, and the selectivity of C_8 aromatic hydrocarbon increased from 75.16% to 84.87%. The conversion of p-xylene increased from 16.30% to 18.41%.

MCM-36 zeolites tailored with acidic ionic liquid to regulate adsorption properties of isobutane and 1-butene

Adsorption properties of an adsorbent or a catalyst towards adsorbates are crucial in the process of adsorption separation or catalytic reaction. Surface morphology and structure of adsorbents have a significant impact on the adsorption properties. In this study, a novel acidic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-(triethoxysilylpropyl)imidazolium hydrogen sulfate(i.e., [BTPIm][HSO_4]), was synthesized and subsequently grafted onto the MCM-36 zeolite for the regulation of its adsorption properties towards isobutane and 1-butene. The resultant [BTPIm][HSO_4]-immobilized MCM-36(i.e., MCM-36-IL) was characterized by FT-IR, XPS, XRD, SEM, TG/DTG and N_2 adsorption–desorption measurement. It was found that the specific surface area, micropore volume and mesopore volume of the MCM-36 support underwent a reduction upon the immobilization of ionic liquid,while the surface density of acid increased from 0.0014 to 0.0035 mmol·m^(-2). The adsorption capacity of isobutane and 1-butene on the MCM-36-IL was determined by a static volumetric method. Results demonstrated that the interaction between isobutane and MCM-36-IL was enhanced and the interaction between 1-butene and MCM-36-IL was reduced. As a result, a tunable adsorption ratio of isobutane/1-butene on MCM-36 was achieved.With the increase in surface density of acid and the tunable adsorption ratio of isobutane and 1-butene on the functionalized MCM-36, the acidic ionic liquid-immobilized zeolites are beneficial to obtain an improved reaction yield and a prolonged catalyst life in the reactions catalyzed by solid acid.

A convenient synthesis of 1,5-diarylpyrazoles from Baylis-Hillman adducts using HY-zeolite

A facile and convenient protocol was developed for the synthesis of 1,5-diarylpyrazoles using Baylis-Hillman adducts in the presence of HY-zeolite as an efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst in reasonable reaction times(1.5-2.5 h) and high yields (78-90%).

Skeletal Isomerization of 1-Hexene over MCM-22 Zeolite Catalyst

The performance of MCM-22 zeolite for catalytic isomerization of 1-hexene has been studied. At a n(H2)/n(1-hexene) ratio of 8, the influence of steam treatment temperature, reaction temperature and reaction pressure on the performance of MCM-22 zeolite for catalytic skeletal isomerization of 1-hexene was examined. The experimental results showed that at a steam treatment temperature of 500℃, a reaction temperature of 270℃, a space velocity of 1.0 h-1 and a reaction pressure of 0.2 MPa, the MCM-22 zeolite exhibited excellent performance for catalytic skeletal isomerization of 1-hexene with the i-hexene yield reaching 66.15%. Compared with other commonly used molecular sieve catalysts, the MCM-22 zeolite catalyst exhibited better catalytic performance for skeletal isomerization of 1-hexene.

Modification and sequential treatment of EU-1 zeolite in mild alkali and alkaline-acid conditions

EU-1 zeolites were sequentially treated with low-concentration sodium carbonate(Na_2CO_3) and hydrochloric acid(HCl) solutions.The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),N_2 adsorption/desorption,temperature programmed desorption of NH_3(NH_3-TPD),solid state^(27)A1 nuclear magnetic resonance(^(27)A1 NMR),and the catalytic performances of the treated samples were tested in the xylene isomerization reaction.The results showed that the external surface area and mesoporous volume of the sample sequentially treated with 0.05 mol·L^(-1) Na_2CO_3 and 0.1 mol·L^(-1) HCl solutions reached73.9 m^2·g^(-1) and 0.162 cm^3·g^(-1),respectively.The catalytic performances of EU-1 zeolites were significantly improved,that the activity of the probe reaction increased from 23.03%to 23.61%and the selectivity increased from85.09%to 87.14%compared with those of parent sample.Furthermore,it was found that only amorphous silica and alumina species was dissolved during the post-treatment process,but the framework structure and the acidic properties of EU-1 zeolite remained intact.