Application of silicon(Si) could greatly boost rice yield and mitigate abiotic stress,especially drought.A field experiment was conducted during 2015 at the research farm of Hong Duc University,Thanh Hoa City,Vietnam,...Application of silicon(Si) could greatly boost rice yield and mitigate abiotic stress,especially drought.A field experiment was conducted during 2015 at the research farm of Hong Duc University,Thanh Hoa City,Vietnam,to evaluate the effects of five different combined doses of standard fertilizer practice and Si fertilizer on growth,yield and yield components,as well as nutrient uptake of rice.The treatments consisted of the recommended dose of fertilizer(RDF,110 kg/hm^2 N + 90 kg/hm^2 P_2O_5 + 80 kg/hm^2 K_2O) as the control,RDF + 100 kg/hm^2 SiO_2,RDF + 200 kg/hm^2 SiO_2,RDF + 300 kg/hm^2 SiO_2 and RDF + 400 kg/hm^2 SiO_2.The results showed that the growth,grain and straw yields as well as yield components(number of grains per panicle,seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight) were significantly affected by Si application.The highest grain yield of 3 705 kg/hm^2 was obtained with the highest level of Si fertilizer in combination with RDF(RDF + 400 kg/hm^2 SiO_2),however,it was statistically at par with the yields obtained with RDF + 300 kg/hm^2 SiO_2(3 664 kg/hm^2) and RDF + 200 kg/hm^2 SiO_2(3 621 kg/hm^2).The optimum dose of Si fertilizer with maximized grain yield(3 716 kg/hm^2) was 329 kg/hm^2 SiO_2.The nutrient(Si,N,P and K) uptakes of rice were also significantly enhanced by Si application.Si application at the level of 329 kg/hm^2 along with RDF would help in the sustainable production of rice in the tropical zone of Vietnam.展开更多
硅是作物生长的有益元素,有助于缓解作物遭受的盐胁迫。本试验以大田试验种植的登海605为试验材料,分别于小喇叭口期(V9)、大喇叭口期(V12)和抽雄期(VT)进行喷施硅制剂(8 g L^(–1) Si O_(2))处理,并以同期喷施等量清水为对照,旨在探讨...硅是作物生长的有益元素,有助于缓解作物遭受的盐胁迫。本试验以大田试验种植的登海605为试验材料,分别于小喇叭口期(V9)、大喇叭口期(V12)和抽雄期(VT)进行喷施硅制剂(8 g L^(–1) Si O_(2))处理,并以同期喷施等量清水为对照,旨在探讨不同时期叶面喷施硅制剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米叶片光合性能及籽粒产量的影响,为滨海盐碱地夏玉米抗逆增产提供理论依据。结果表明,与对照相比,不同时期喷施叶面硅制剂,均能够显著增加盐碱地夏玉米叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,缓解光合器官的损伤和光合色素的降解;V9、V12、VT期叶面喷施硅制剂处理R6期,叶面积指数2年平均分别提高6.28%、7.16%、6.66%,2023年R3期叶绿素含量分别提高6.62%、7.52%、7.47%。喷施硅制剂提高了叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s))以及胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i));V9、V12、VT期叶面喷施硅制剂处理R3期P_n两年平均分别提高11.64%、11.73%、16.39%。光合速率提升促进了干物质积累及其向籽粒的转运,R6期干物质积累量分别提高8.46%、8.88%、9.67%,穗粒数和千粒重显著提高,最终籽粒产量在2022年和2023年分别提升了7.24%、10.47%、12.94%和6.23%、7.99%、11.25%;综上,本试验条件下,滨海轻中度盐碱地夏玉米生产过程中以VT期喷施叶面硅制剂的增产效果最佳,主要是缓解了氧化胁迫、提升了光合性能、促进了干物质积累与转运。展开更多
Rice is one of the most important staple foods for the world population,but it is attacked by a number of destructive pests.While evidence from greenhouse and laboratory tests has shown that silicon（Si）amendment can...Rice is one of the most important staple foods for the world population,but it is attacked by a number of destructive pests.While evidence from greenhouse and laboratory tests has shown that silicon（Si）amendment can confer enhanced resistance to pests in rice,few studies have directly demonstrated the Si-mediated protection from pests in a field situation.In this study,field plots with silicon amendments at 0,75,150 and 300 kg SiO2 ha-1 in early-and late-season rice were employed to evaluate the effects of silicon amendment on the occurrence of major insect pests and diseases and rice yield.Compared with the control plots without silicon amendment,plant damage by stem borer and leaf folder and population size of planthopper were significantly lower in three to five of the seven monitoring observations in each season in the plots amended with 300 kg SiO2 ha-1.The disease index of rice blast in the early-season rice was lower in the plots amended with Si at 300 kg SiO2 ha-1 than in the control plots,while Si protection from rice blast in the late-season rice and from rice sheath blight in the early-season rice were not apparent.An insignificant increase of rice yield by 16.4%（604 kg ha-1）was observed in the plots amended with 300 kg SiO2 ha-1 over the control plots.Our results indicate that Si amendment at 300kg SiO2 ha-1 can provide substantial protection from some of the rice pests under field conditions.These findings support the recommendation of silicon amendment as a key component of integrated management of rice pests.展开更多
In order to study the squeeze-strengthening effect of silicone oil-based magnetorheological fluid （MRF）, theoretical basis of disc squeezing brake was presented and a squeezing braking characteristics test-bed for M...In order to study the squeeze-strengthening effect of silicone oil-based magnetorheological fluid （MRF）, theoretical basis of disc squeezing brake was presented and a squeezing braking characteristics test-bed for MRF was designed. Moreover, relevant experiments were carded out and the relationship between squeezing pressure and braking torque was proposed. Experiments results showed that the yield stress of MRF improved linearly with the increasing of external squeezing pressure and the braking torque increased three times when external squeezing pressure achieved 2 MPa.展开更多
Silicon phthalocyanine derivatives 1a and 1b were synthesized and characterized by UV, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR and MS. The photophysical properties of the compounds in DMSO were investigated. The maximum absorpt...Silicon phthalocyanine derivatives 1a and 1b were synthesized and characterized by UV, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR and MS. The photophysical properties of the compounds in DMSO were investigated. The maximum absorption peaks of compounds 1a and 1b at the Q-band are 681 nm. With ZnPc (Φ<sub>F</sub> = 0.20, Φ<sub>Δ</sub> = 0.67) as a reference, the fluorescence quantum yield (Φ<sub>F</sub>) of 1a and 1b are 0.20 and 0.31 respectively, and the singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ<sub>Δ</sub>) are 0.66 and 0.59 respectively. The DNA-photocleavage activities of compounds 1a and 1b were studied by gel electrophoresis. Compounds 1a and 1b possess good photocleavage activity to pBR322 DNA. The results demonstrate that compounds 1a and 1b are potential photosensitizers for tumor therapy.展开更多
研究不同浓度的叶面硅肥(OBFs)喷施下密花甜糯12号玉米产量及其构成因素的变化,以期为闽东红壤区玉米高产栽培提供理论指导。在常规施肥的基础上,以不施硅肥为对照(T_(0),CK),设置5个叶面硅肥喷施浓度1.34(T_(1))、6.67(T_(2))、10.00(T...研究不同浓度的叶面硅肥(OBFs)喷施下密花甜糯12号玉米产量及其构成因素的变化,以期为闽东红壤区玉米高产栽培提供理论指导。在常规施肥的基础上,以不施硅肥为对照(T_(0),CK),设置5个叶面硅肥喷施浓度1.34(T_(1))、6.67(T_(2))、10.00(T_(3))、13.34(T_(4))、16.67 mL OBFs L^(-1)(T_(5)),研究不同浓度的OBFs叶面硅肥对玉米籽粒养分吸收、产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明:喷施不同浓度的OBFs叶面硅肥可以显著促进玉米籽粒吸收钾和硅元素。T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)处理比T_(0)(CK)玉米籽粒钾吸收量分别增加7.4%、4.9%、10.4%和15.3%;与T_(0)(CK)相比,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T5处理玉米籽粒硅吸收量分别提高2.1、2.5、2.4、2.3和3.4倍。玉米籽粒钾和硅吸收量的增加进一步改善了玉米棒长和棒粗。相比T_(0)(CK),T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)处理玉米棒长分别增加15.2%、19.2%、24.2%、26.6%和29.7%,棒粗分别提高1.3%、1.6%、3.1%、2.7%和5.5%。T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)处理玉米产量分别比T_(0)增加1.9%、3.1%、13.1%、17.4%和18.7%。由线性回归分析可知,玉米增产过程中起主导作用的因子是玉米籽粒钾和硅吸收量的增加。综上,喷施不同浓度的OBFs叶面硅肥有助于增加玉米籽粒吸收钾和硅元素,改善玉米棒长和棒粗,从而提高玉米产量,尤其是13.34、16.67 mL·L^(-1)为闽北红壤区玉米种植OBFs叶面硅肥较佳的喷施浓度。展开更多
基金the Project of Netherlands Organization for Cooperation in Higher Education(NUFFIC)/The Netherlands Initiative for Capacity development in Higher Education(NICHE)/Vietnam 105(VNM 105)Supporting the integration in Agricultural Curricula of Climate Change concerns at Universities of Agriculture:Hanoi University of Agriculture,Hong Duc University and Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry(ACCCU)-Wageningen University and the Asian Institute of Technology,Thailand,for funding the work
文摘Application of silicon(Si) could greatly boost rice yield and mitigate abiotic stress,especially drought.A field experiment was conducted during 2015 at the research farm of Hong Duc University,Thanh Hoa City,Vietnam,to evaluate the effects of five different combined doses of standard fertilizer practice and Si fertilizer on growth,yield and yield components,as well as nutrient uptake of rice.The treatments consisted of the recommended dose of fertilizer(RDF,110 kg/hm^2 N + 90 kg/hm^2 P_2O_5 + 80 kg/hm^2 K_2O) as the control,RDF + 100 kg/hm^2 SiO_2,RDF + 200 kg/hm^2 SiO_2,RDF + 300 kg/hm^2 SiO_2 and RDF + 400 kg/hm^2 SiO_2.The results showed that the growth,grain and straw yields as well as yield components(number of grains per panicle,seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight) were significantly affected by Si application.The highest grain yield of 3 705 kg/hm^2 was obtained with the highest level of Si fertilizer in combination with RDF(RDF + 400 kg/hm^2 SiO_2),however,it was statistically at par with the yields obtained with RDF + 300 kg/hm^2 SiO_2(3 664 kg/hm^2) and RDF + 200 kg/hm^2 SiO_2(3 621 kg/hm^2).The optimum dose of Si fertilizer with maximized grain yield(3 716 kg/hm^2) was 329 kg/hm^2 SiO_2.The nutrient(Si,N,P and K) uptakes of rice were also significantly enhanced by Si application.Si application at the level of 329 kg/hm^2 along with RDF would help in the sustainable production of rice in the tropical zone of Vietnam.
文摘硅是作物生长的有益元素,有助于缓解作物遭受的盐胁迫。本试验以大田试验种植的登海605为试验材料,分别于小喇叭口期(V9)、大喇叭口期(V12)和抽雄期(VT)进行喷施硅制剂(8 g L^(–1) Si O_(2))处理,并以同期喷施等量清水为对照,旨在探讨不同时期叶面喷施硅制剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米叶片光合性能及籽粒产量的影响,为滨海盐碱地夏玉米抗逆增产提供理论依据。结果表明,与对照相比,不同时期喷施叶面硅制剂,均能够显著增加盐碱地夏玉米叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,缓解光合器官的损伤和光合色素的降解;V9、V12、VT期叶面喷施硅制剂处理R6期,叶面积指数2年平均分别提高6.28%、7.16%、6.66%,2023年R3期叶绿素含量分别提高6.62%、7.52%、7.47%。喷施硅制剂提高了叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s))以及胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i));V9、V12、VT期叶面喷施硅制剂处理R3期P_n两年平均分别提高11.64%、11.73%、16.39%。光合速率提升促进了干物质积累及其向籽粒的转运,R6期干物质积累量分别提高8.46%、8.88%、9.67%,穗粒数和千粒重显著提高,最终籽粒产量在2022年和2023年分别提升了7.24%、10.47%、12.94%和6.23%、7.99%、11.25%;综上,本试验条件下,滨海轻中度盐碱地夏玉米生产过程中以VT期喷施叶面硅制剂的增产效果最佳,主要是缓解了氧化胁迫、提升了光合性能、促进了干物质积累与转运。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371951)the National Key Technology R&D Program for Grain Crops, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFD0300701)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China (2017JC41)
文摘Rice is one of the most important staple foods for the world population,but it is attacked by a number of destructive pests.While evidence from greenhouse and laboratory tests has shown that silicon（Si）amendment can confer enhanced resistance to pests in rice,few studies have directly demonstrated the Si-mediated protection from pests in a field situation.In this study,field plots with silicon amendments at 0,75,150 and 300 kg SiO2 ha-1 in early-and late-season rice were employed to evaluate the effects of silicon amendment on the occurrence of major insect pests and diseases and rice yield.Compared with the control plots without silicon amendment,plant damage by stem borer and leaf folder and population size of planthopper were significantly lower in three to five of the seven monitoring observations in each season in the plots amended with 300 kg SiO2 ha-1.The disease index of rice blast in the early-season rice was lower in the plots amended with Si at 300 kg SiO2 ha-1 than in the control plots,while Si protection from rice blast in the late-season rice and from rice sheath blight in the early-season rice were not apparent.An insignificant increase of rice yield by 16.4%（604 kg ha-1）was observed in the plots amended with 300 kg SiO2 ha-1 over the control plots.Our results indicate that Si amendment at 300kg SiO2 ha-1 can provide substantial protection from some of the rice pests under field conditions.These findings support the recommendation of silicon amendment as a key component of integrated management of rice pests.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51475454)National Natural Science Foundation of JiangsuProvince(No.BK20151144)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds forthe Central Universities(No.2014QNA38)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘In order to study the squeeze-strengthening effect of silicone oil-based magnetorheological fluid （MRF）, theoretical basis of disc squeezing brake was presented and a squeezing braking characteristics test-bed for MRF was designed. Moreover, relevant experiments were carded out and the relationship between squeezing pressure and braking torque was proposed. Experiments results showed that the yield stress of MRF improved linearly with the increasing of external squeezing pressure and the braking torque increased three times when external squeezing pressure achieved 2 MPa.
文摘Silicon phthalocyanine derivatives 1a and 1b were synthesized and characterized by UV, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR and MS. The photophysical properties of the compounds in DMSO were investigated. The maximum absorption peaks of compounds 1a and 1b at the Q-band are 681 nm. With ZnPc (Φ<sub>F</sub> = 0.20, Φ<sub>Δ</sub> = 0.67) as a reference, the fluorescence quantum yield (Φ<sub>F</sub>) of 1a and 1b are 0.20 and 0.31 respectively, and the singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ<sub>Δ</sub>) are 0.66 and 0.59 respectively. The DNA-photocleavage activities of compounds 1a and 1b were studied by gel electrophoresis. Compounds 1a and 1b possess good photocleavage activity to pBR322 DNA. The results demonstrate that compounds 1a and 1b are potential photosensitizers for tumor therapy.
文摘研究不同浓度的叶面硅肥(OBFs)喷施下密花甜糯12号玉米产量及其构成因素的变化,以期为闽东红壤区玉米高产栽培提供理论指导。在常规施肥的基础上,以不施硅肥为对照(T_(0),CK),设置5个叶面硅肥喷施浓度1.34(T_(1))、6.67(T_(2))、10.00(T_(3))、13.34(T_(4))、16.67 mL OBFs L^(-1)(T_(5)),研究不同浓度的OBFs叶面硅肥对玉米籽粒养分吸收、产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明:喷施不同浓度的OBFs叶面硅肥可以显著促进玉米籽粒吸收钾和硅元素。T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)处理比T_(0)(CK)玉米籽粒钾吸收量分别增加7.4%、4.9%、10.4%和15.3%;与T_(0)(CK)相比,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T5处理玉米籽粒硅吸收量分别提高2.1、2.5、2.4、2.3和3.4倍。玉米籽粒钾和硅吸收量的增加进一步改善了玉米棒长和棒粗。相比T_(0)(CK),T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)处理玉米棒长分别增加15.2%、19.2%、24.2%、26.6%和29.7%,棒粗分别提高1.3%、1.6%、3.1%、2.7%和5.5%。T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)处理玉米产量分别比T_(0)增加1.9%、3.1%、13.1%、17.4%和18.7%。由线性回归分析可知,玉米增产过程中起主导作用的因子是玉米籽粒钾和硅吸收量的增加。综上,喷施不同浓度的OBFs叶面硅肥有助于增加玉米籽粒吸收钾和硅元素,改善玉米棒长和棒粗,从而提高玉米产量,尤其是13.34、16.67 mL·L^(-1)为闽北红壤区玉米种植OBFs叶面硅肥较佳的喷施浓度。
