Matching Dyeing and Properties of Silk Fabrics with Natural Edible Pigments

The silk fabrics were matching dyed with three natural edible pigments(red rice red,ginger yellow and gardenia blue).By investigating the dyeing rates and lifting properties of these pigments,it was observed that their compatibilities were excellent in the dyeing process:dye dosage 2.5%(omf),mordant alum dosage 2.0%(omf),dyeing temperature 80℃and dyeing time 40 min.The silk fabrics dyed with secondary colors exhibited vibrant and vivid color owing to the remarkable lightness and chroma of ginger yellow.However,gardenia blue exhibited multiple absorption peaks in the visible light range,resulting in significantly lower lightness and chroma for the silk fabrics dyed with tertiary colors,thus making it suitable only for matte-colored fabrics with low chroma levels.In addition,the silk fabrics dyed with these three pigments had a color fastness that exceeded grade 3 in resistance to perspiration,soap washing and light exposure,indicating acceptable wearing properties.The dyeing process described in this research exhibited a wide range of potential applications in matching dyeing of protein-based textiles with natural colorants.

ESR signals from silk fabrics irradiated by UV-rays

ESR studies were done on UV-ray irradiated silk fabric samples at room temperature. Different types of UV lamps were used and similar ESR signals were observed. The results indicate that UV-rays can produce free radicals for graft-copolymerization of monomer onto silk fibers without external additives or co additives, Also, radicals in silk fabrics irradiated by UV-rays are purer than that irradiated by γ-rays. The study suggests that UV-lights may be a better tool to improve properties of silk fabrics by grafting monomers onto the polymer chains.

Properties of radicals created by γ-ray irradiation of silk fabrics

The propoerties of radicals fromγ-ray irradiated silk fabrics were studied by electron spin resonance method(ESR).The ESR spectra of silk fabrics irradiated in N2 showed a doublet at room temperature,The doublet became a singlet at g=2.0057 after placing the sample in air for 24 hours.This can be explained by formation of peroxide radicals.The radical concentration of the irradiated silk fabric and the decay rate of radicals are significantly affected by irradiation conditions.which include the absorbed dose.atmosphere,and water content of the silk fabric samples.However,no dose rate effect on the radical concentration was observed.The results are of help in our practice of property modification of silk products by radiation graft copolymerization.

Effect of Run - in Ratios on the Mechanical Properties of Two - Guide Bars Warp - Knitted Fabrics

Warp knitting technology gets rapid development at present and becomes one of the most important parts of the textiles.But it is less known how the parameters of warp knitting technology affect the mechanical properties of warp-knitted fabrics.This paper presents discuss a research on the relationships between run-in ratio and mechanical properties of the two-bar warp-knittedfabrics through the measurement and analysis of the mechanical properties of various samples with different run-in ratios.The optimal run一in ratios for the reasonable mechanical properties are obtained from above dis-

Comparison of Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Light Weight Wool and Wool Blend Fabrics using the KES-F and FAST Instruments

This study compares the test results of the FAST (Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing) with those of the KES - F (Kawabata Evaluation Systems for Fabrics) for a range of nineteen light weight wool and wool blend fabrics in terms of the low - stress mechanical properties of bending, shear, and tensile deformation. It is found that there are very significant correlations between the corresponding parameters for extensibility and shear rigidity obtained from the test results of the two systems. The correlation between the values of bending rigidity obtained from the two systems is only moderate. Furthermore, for the fabrics tested in this study, the values of bending rigidity, shear rigidity, and extensibility measured using the KES - F instruments are higher than those of the corresponding parameters measured using the FAST instruments. The linear regression equation is given for each pair of corresponding parameter.

Mechanical Properties of Small-diameter Superfine Silk Powder/Polyurethane Vascular Graft Reinforced by Tubular Knitted Fabric

In this paper,a kind of composite microtube,which is made from superfine silk powder and polyurethane,reinforced by polyster and spandex tubular fabrics,was examined.The cross-section of composite microtubes were microporous,and micropores were uniform distributed,the inner surface was relatively smooth.The results showed that the wall thickness of composite microtubes increased,which led to the strength,the breaking work and the initial modulus incresead;that the spandex content increased brought about the initial modulus and the breaking work decreased,but the breaking extension and the breaking load were firstly increased and then decreased;and all the mechanical properties decreased as the SFSP content increased.

The Relationship between the Mechanical Properties of Pure Silk Fabrics and Dress Performance

In this paper, the relationship between mechanical properties of 30 pieces of pure silk fabrics and the dress performance has been analyzed. With the methods of multifactor linear step regression and discrimination analysis, the judgment and prediction model of the performance have been established.

Sterilization of mycete attached on the unearthed silk fabrics by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet

The sterilization of the simulated unearthed silk fabrics using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet（APPJ） system employing Ar/O2 or He/O2 plasma to inactivate the mycete attached on the silk fabrics is reported. The effects of the APPJ characteristics（particularly the gas type and discharge power） on the fabric strength, physical-chemical structures,and sterilizing efficiency were investigated. Experimental results showed that the Ar/O2 APPJ plasma can inactivate the mycete completely within 4.0 min under a discharge power of 50.0 W. Such an APPJ treatment had negligible impact on the mechanical strength of the fabric and the surface chemical characteristics. Moreover, the Ar ions, O and OH radicals were shown to play important roles on the sterilization of the mycete attached on the unearthed silk fabrics.

芦荟蒽醌-柠檬酸整理真丝织物的工艺与性能研究

针对真丝织物抗皱和抗紫外线性能差的缺点,研究采用芦荟蒽醌-柠檬酸对真丝织物进行抗皱和抗紫外线整理的工艺,探索芦荟蒽醌提取液质量浓度、柠檬酸质量浓度、处理时间和处理温度对处理后真丝织物抗皱和抗紫外线性能的影响。采用L9(3^(4))的正交试验方法,并对试验结果进行直观分析,获得采用芦荟蒽醌-柠檬酸整理真丝织物的最优工艺为芦荟蒽醌提取液质量浓度10 g/L、柠檬酸质量浓度5 g/L、处理温度60℃、处理时间45 min。采用最优工艺对真丝织物进行整理,测试整理后真丝织物的力学、抗皱、抗紫外线等性能,并与整理前织物的性能进行比对分析,发现采用芦荟蒽醌-柠檬酸整理后真丝织物具有抗皱和抗紫外线性能,且断裂强力变化不大。

MONITOR AND CONTROL OF THE DEGUMMING PROCESS FOR SILK FABRICS

In the paper the monitor and control methods of silk fabrics degumming process havebeen discussed which arethe pH value of degumming bath, the degumming loss percentage and the supplemen-tary amounts of degumming assistants etc.The investigation was shown that method is exact to measure the PH value of degum-ming bath by the heat resistant 305-2 type lithium glass electrode and the 232 type calomelelectrode through the saturated polassium chloride salt bridge at the degumming tempera-ture, the method can be avoided the errors in the conventional measurements.From the theoretical calculate of the alkaline expense, including the absorbed alkali ofraw silk fabric, G1;the alkali carried away by fabric, G2;the consumptive alkali by belach-ing agent, G3 etc. According to practical produce, the empirical formula has been estab-lished for determination of the addittional amounts of degumming assistants, G, at the con-tinuous produce:G=1.28(G1+G2+G3)(g/kg fabric)

Sub-Millimeter-Wave Transmission of Silk Fabric

Millimeter wave technology is one of the technologies developed rapidly in recent years. The research was mainly to study the transmission of millimeter wave through textile material named silk fabric. We observed the phenomenon of sub-millimeter-wave transmission and reflection of the silk fabric, and concluded that with the number of silk fabric layers increasing, effect of scattering and absorption of the millimeter wave enhanced. The conclusion could be further employed in millimeter wave and THz imaging, dangerous goods inspection and other security application.

An Experimental Investigation to Examine the Wicking Properties of Silk Fabrics

In this research, the wicking characteristics of fabrics were used as an essential and effective indicator to investigate the satisfaction of heat and moisture. Due to the popularization of silk fabrics recently it has become an interesting topic to know about the wicking behavior of silk fabrics in water. The absorptive capability of the silk textile makes clothing comfortable even for a hotter environment. Silk fabrics are comfortable in the summer, and warm in the winter. Silk fabric can usually contain about 11 percent of its weight in moisture but the range varies from 10% to as much as 30%. In this paper, the wicking behavior of silk fabric in both warp and weft directions was investigated in terms of wicking height, wicking rate, mass increase distribution per centimeter of wicking height, the velocity of wicking height, and durability of wicking height after removal of the wicking liquid reservoir. The experimental results show that the wicking height in both the warp and weft directions had a good correlation with the time. The wicking rate was comparable in both weft and warp directions, but at the start of the wicking phase, weft direction wicking was quicker than warp direction. The mass increase in fabric per centimeter of wicking height was inversely proportional to wicking height. The mass of moisture carried in the fabric did not significantly differ in the direction of the weft and warp.

A Study on Modifying the Calculation Model of Valid Opening Size of Heat-bonded Nonwoven Fabrics

It has been found that there are marked errors in the value of valid opening size of heat-bonded nonwoven fabrics between theoretical calculations and engineering measurements. A new modified theoretical model is advanced in this paper. The equivalent diameter of the pore of a fibre web is used to calculate the valid opening size instead of the maximum diameter of inscribed circle used, because the fibres in practical fibre webs are flexible elastomers with definite diameters and the pore of fibre web may produce deformation in screening teat and engineering usage. The results show that the theoretical calculations coincide well with the engineering measurements. This method offers a theoretical basis for computer simulation to the performance of filters of heatbonded nonwoven fabrics.

Study on the Factors to Influence Dynamic Heat - moisture Comfort of Summer Clothing Fabrics

In this paper, the factors to influence the dynamic heat - moisture comfort of summer clothing fabrics have been studied. It is pointed out that, when the wind speed outside is high, or the air permeability is very good, the sweat of human body will evaporate mainly through turbulent diffusion. Because of the rapid sweat evaporation, human body will feel cold, and then, the difference in temperature and humidity of the micro - climatic section will be very slight. On the contrary, when the wind speed outside is slow or the air permeability is unsatisfactory, the sweat of human body will evaporate mainly through molecular diffusion, and in this case, the humidity of the micro - climatic section will be depended on the hygroscopicity of the fabric, that’ s to say, the better the hygroscopicity, the lower the humidity. It is difficult for pure wool fabric to loss heat because of its giving out much heat during the course of moisture - absorption in the initial stages of sweating. For pure polyester fabric,

Computer-aided Pattern Design of Multi-bar Warp Knitted Fabrics

To meet the development trend of multi-bar warp knit-ting machine towards high-speed,advanced technologyand computer control and the requirements of variousproducts with small quantity,there are many researcheson the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics.In terms of the special propertiesof the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics,the Object Oriented Program(OOP)programming-Object Windows class Library(OWL)programming is selected.According to thecharacters of the OWL programming,various functionsare defined.Pattern design and technical parameters canbe output,which offers a great convenience for the fac-tory.

Graft Modification of N,N'-methylene- bisacrylamide onto Silk in the Presence of Air

The graft modification of N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide (NNMBAA) onto silk using eerie ammonium sulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and 2, 2-azobis (isobutyronitrile) as the initiators has been studied in the presence of air. To establish reaction conditions for the graft modification of NNMBAA onto silk, the effect of different variables such as the initiator concentration, monomer concentration, acetic acid concentration, time of polymerization, reaction temperature and liquor ratio (fabric: liq.) have been studied. The optimum grafting conditions were found. As evidence of grafting, analyses of amino acid composition and alkali solubility have been carried out. Grafting caused changes in amino acid composition and alkali solubility of silk. The observation has been explained in relation to structural changes in the grafted silk.

Fabrication and Performances of 1-3-2 Piezoelectric Ceramic/Polymer Composite

A novel 1-3-2 piezoelectric composite has been developed,which consists of piezoelectric ceramic plate and 1-3 piezoelectric composite.The composite was fabricated by dicing PZT ceramic along mutual perpendicular two directions and then filling epoxy into grooves.The piezoelectric and electromechanical properties of the novel composite were determined. The results show a coefficient d_ (33) of 405pC/N,a vibration displacement of 113.5pm,an acoustic impendence of 13.3 Mraly, a bandwidth of 12kHz and a thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient of 0.56.

NMA-HTCC前处理在茶多酚抗紫外整理真丝织物中的作用

采用一种反应性很强的水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐(NMA-HTCC)对真丝织物进行前处理,再用茶多酚提取液对织物进行二次处理。采用正交实验探索NMA-HTCC前处理真丝织物的优化工艺。再对经NMA-HTCC和茶多酚处理后的真丝织物抗紫外性、耐洗性、强力、透气性等性能进行测试和分析。结果表明:采用NMA-HTCC前处理真丝织物,当NMA-HTCC质量浓度为8 g/L、处理温度为60℃、处理时间为60 min时,真丝织物的增重率最大。真丝织物先经NMA-HTCC处理、再经茶多酚处理后,紫外线防护系数明显提高,而且洗涤30次后,其UPF值仍在35以上,满足防紫外线纺织品的性能要求,说明NMA-HTCC前处理有利于提高真丝织物对茶多酚的吸附,从而使茶多酚与真丝纤维之间牢固结合。真丝织物经过NMA-HTCC和茶多酚处理后,其断裂强力略有降低,透气性变化不明显。

THE EFFECTS OF PLASMA-INDUCED GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION WITH ACRYLIC ACID ON THE STRUCTURE AND DYEING PROPERTIES OF MULBERRY SILK

The effects of plasma-induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc) on the structure and dyeing properties of mulberry silk are investigated. Through the transmission infrared spectroscopy(IR) , attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy(ATR-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) studies, changes of the surface structure and composition are observed. The results show that plasma-induced graft copolymerization has a different meehanism from that of chemical graft copolymerization. The plasma graft copolymerization brings AAc branch polymers into the surface of silk through the initiation of some kinds of oxygen and nitrogen groups created by plasma. That is just the reason that the dyeing ability and color fastness of plasma-grafted silk for cationic dyestuff increase and its mechanical properties have not been changed significantly.

The effect of atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma treatment on the dyeing properties of silk fabric

In this study,the effects of plasma treatment parameters on surface morphology,chemical constituent,dycabiliiy and color fastness of silk fabric were investigated.Atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma generated with different applied voltages(0 kV to 45 kV)was used to treat the surface of silk fabrics.C I Natural Yellow 3 was used to dye untreated and plasma-treated silk fabrics.The physical analysis based on scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of silk fabrics was affected by plasma treatment.The chemical analysis was investigated with x-ray photi>elcctron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that the content of C Is decreased with the increasing applied voltage,the content of N Is and O Is increased with the increasing applied voltage.The increasing K/S values represented that the dyeability of silk fabrics was improved after plasma treatment.The color fastness to dry and wet rubbing was decreased after plasma treatment.