The Moroccan annual dam silting corresponds to a loss in storage capacity of the reservoirs of about 75 million m3 per year. Land use metamorphosis and the ongoing climate changes are likely to accelerate the process ...The Moroccan annual dam silting corresponds to a loss in storage capacity of the reservoirs of about 75 million m3 per year. Land use metamorphosis and the ongoing climate changes are likely to accelerate the process of soil degradation and erosion. In this delicate context, Morocco will have to provide appropriate responses in terms of adaptation and remediation strategies to the degradation of soil and water resources. The objectives of this paper are to characterize the Specific Degradation (SD) of the Tangier basin through the study of the silting of the watershed located upstream the Hachef dam and to analyze the silting rate of the Hachef dam according to the variability of precipitations and the dynamics of the vegetation convent. The adopted approach is based on the analysis of the bathymetric surveys of the Hachef Dam to characterize the SD and the analysis of the silting rate based on the characterization of the spatial and temporal variability of the two key factors of water erosion. The results of processing the bathymetric surveys over a 19-year analysis period (1995-2014) show an annual average total silting of about 11.46 Mm3 and a corresponding SD of about 36.7 t⋅ha−1⋅yr−1. This study shows the significant influence of the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation and vegetation cover on the silting dynamics of dams.展开更多
The construction of small dams and hillside reservoirs is a common practice for dealing with erratic and unevenly distributed rainfalls in arid and semi arid areas. Moreover, these small hydraulics structures are reco...The construction of small dams and hillside reservoirs is a common practice for dealing with erratic and unevenly distributed rainfalls in arid and semi arid areas. Moreover, these small hydraulics structures are recommended as a solution to adapt to climate change in rural areas. They are fundamental for the sustainability of the water resources. However, these dams are potential sinks for upstream sediment. Therefore, it would be useful to monitor and measure the amount of sediments in small dams because it is necessary to understand siltation and better functioning of these vital structures. This control and these measurements require the application of the bathymetry or topography surveys which is too expensive for the responsible of these small dams. In this context, this paper proposes a simple and low cost method called: Triangulation of the estimated silted level. This method is based on direct measurement of the accessible silted level in dam. This new method is compared with another method based on the initial Elevation-Capacity curve of dam, usually used when the bathymetry is not attainable. The results of both of them have been verified with those of the bathymetry and electrical tomography methods and validated the proposal method as the most approximate. Therefore, this method is recommended as a new direct and simple technique to evaluate the amount of silting in small dams and hillside reservoirs.展开更多
BIM(Building Information Modeling)系统是近些年大型交通工程、建筑工程领域逐渐推广的重要发展理念,Civil 3D、Revit等通用软件的应用引起了工程设计领域的重大变革。本文重点介绍了Civil 3D技术在水土保持淤地坝除险加固工程设计中...BIM(Building Information Modeling)系统是近些年大型交通工程、建筑工程领域逐渐推广的重要发展理念,Civil 3D、Revit等通用软件的应用引起了工程设计领域的重大变革。本文重点介绍了Civil 3D技术在水土保持淤地坝除险加固工程设计中的具体应用,利用BIM系统的强大建模及管理功能,可以实现设计方案比选更加直观、技术论证更加合理、工程量分析计算更加精准、设计效率更加高效快捷的目的。展开更多
近年来,作者在横断山脉三江并流区开展历史堵江滑坡调查,在金沙江上游发现系列沿江分布的残碉,其中以左岸的白玉县卓英村残碉分布最为集中,共17座,且未见公开报道。这些残碉是一个历史部落或村庄的遗迹,是藏彝走廊历史文化遗存的组成部...近年来,作者在横断山脉三江并流区开展历史堵江滑坡调查,在金沙江上游发现系列沿江分布的残碉,其中以左岸的白玉县卓英村残碉分布最为集中,共17座,且未见公开报道。这些残碉是一个历史部落或村庄的遗迹,是藏彝走廊历史文化遗存的组成部分。鉴于藏彝走廊研究主要集中在社会科学方面,本文尝试采用自然科学方法拓展相关研究。基于现场调查和地质测年,结合前人工作成果,确定残碉群的建造时间与历史归属,分析历史滑坡堵江事件对河流地貌与河谷文明演变的影响。结果表明:1)卓英村残碉群兴建于1780~1490 a BP,相应的历史年代为东汉末期至南朝时期,按地域极有可能是古白狼国遗迹;2)残碉的修建高程和时间与措拉古滑坡堰塞湖尾部的湖滩高程和溃决时间等具有较好的一致性,湖泊淤积、干热河谷气候、取水便利等为卓英村的兴起奠定了基础;3)约1510 a BP前的一次大洪水事件导致措拉堰塞坝完全溃决,岸坡塌岸引起的耕地逐渐消失,以及取水不便等人居环境恶化是导致卓英村被遗弃的自然因素;4)横断山脉河流历史堵江滑坡引起的河道淤积为民族迁徙提供了良好的通道,也留存了丰富的历史遗迹,类似卓英村残碉的深入研究有望丰富和拓展白狼国与藏彝走廊的研究内容。展开更多
新材料、新技术和新工艺是当前科技发展的重要方向,并不断推动着淤地坝工程的创新与发展。未来淤地坝工程将继续朝着智能化、数字化和环保的方向发展。重点阐述了地理信息系统(Geographic Information System或Geo-Information system,G...新材料、新技术和新工艺是当前科技发展的重要方向,并不断推动着淤地坝工程的创新与发展。未来淤地坝工程将继续朝着智能化、数字化和环保的方向发展。重点阐述了地理信息系统(Geographic Information System或Geo-Information system,GIS)、数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)、建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)等新技术,拦泥透水、免管护一体、浮力式挡水等筑坝新手段,预应力钢筒混凝土管、顶管、虹吸管+太阳能等新技术在防水建筑物中的应用,及柔性、效能和竖井等新型溢洪道和新工艺的应用。展开更多
文摘The Moroccan annual dam silting corresponds to a loss in storage capacity of the reservoirs of about 75 million m3 per year. Land use metamorphosis and the ongoing climate changes are likely to accelerate the process of soil degradation and erosion. In this delicate context, Morocco will have to provide appropriate responses in terms of adaptation and remediation strategies to the degradation of soil and water resources. The objectives of this paper are to characterize the Specific Degradation (SD) of the Tangier basin through the study of the silting of the watershed located upstream the Hachef dam and to analyze the silting rate of the Hachef dam according to the variability of precipitations and the dynamics of the vegetation convent. The adopted approach is based on the analysis of the bathymetric surveys of the Hachef Dam to characterize the SD and the analysis of the silting rate based on the characterization of the spatial and temporal variability of the two key factors of water erosion. The results of processing the bathymetric surveys over a 19-year analysis period (1995-2014) show an annual average total silting of about 11.46 Mm3 and a corresponding SD of about 36.7 t⋅ha−1⋅yr−1. This study shows the significant influence of the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation and vegetation cover on the silting dynamics of dams.
文摘The construction of small dams and hillside reservoirs is a common practice for dealing with erratic and unevenly distributed rainfalls in arid and semi arid areas. Moreover, these small hydraulics structures are recommended as a solution to adapt to climate change in rural areas. They are fundamental for the sustainability of the water resources. However, these dams are potential sinks for upstream sediment. Therefore, it would be useful to monitor and measure the amount of sediments in small dams because it is necessary to understand siltation and better functioning of these vital structures. This control and these measurements require the application of the bathymetry or topography surveys which is too expensive for the responsible of these small dams. In this context, this paper proposes a simple and low cost method called: Triangulation of the estimated silted level. This method is based on direct measurement of the accessible silted level in dam. This new method is compared with another method based on the initial Elevation-Capacity curve of dam, usually used when the bathymetry is not attainable. The results of both of them have been verified with those of the bathymetry and electrical tomography methods and validated the proposal method as the most approximate. Therefore, this method is recommended as a new direct and simple technique to evaluate the amount of silting in small dams and hillside reservoirs.
文摘BIM(Building Information Modeling)系统是近些年大型交通工程、建筑工程领域逐渐推广的重要发展理念,Civil 3D、Revit等通用软件的应用引起了工程设计领域的重大变革。本文重点介绍了Civil 3D技术在水土保持淤地坝除险加固工程设计中的具体应用,利用BIM系统的强大建模及管理功能,可以实现设计方案比选更加直观、技术论证更加合理、工程量分析计算更加精准、设计效率更加高效快捷的目的。
文摘近年来,作者在横断山脉三江并流区开展历史堵江滑坡调查,在金沙江上游发现系列沿江分布的残碉,其中以左岸的白玉县卓英村残碉分布最为集中,共17座,且未见公开报道。这些残碉是一个历史部落或村庄的遗迹,是藏彝走廊历史文化遗存的组成部分。鉴于藏彝走廊研究主要集中在社会科学方面,本文尝试采用自然科学方法拓展相关研究。基于现场调查和地质测年,结合前人工作成果,确定残碉群的建造时间与历史归属,分析历史滑坡堵江事件对河流地貌与河谷文明演变的影响。结果表明:1)卓英村残碉群兴建于1780~1490 a BP,相应的历史年代为东汉末期至南朝时期,按地域极有可能是古白狼国遗迹;2)残碉的修建高程和时间与措拉古滑坡堰塞湖尾部的湖滩高程和溃决时间等具有较好的一致性,湖泊淤积、干热河谷气候、取水便利等为卓英村的兴起奠定了基础;3)约1510 a BP前的一次大洪水事件导致措拉堰塞坝完全溃决,岸坡塌岸引起的耕地逐渐消失,以及取水不便等人居环境恶化是导致卓英村被遗弃的自然因素;4)横断山脉河流历史堵江滑坡引起的河道淤积为民族迁徙提供了良好的通道,也留存了丰富的历史遗迹,类似卓英村残碉的深入研究有望丰富和拓展白狼国与藏彝走廊的研究内容。
文摘新材料、新技术和新工艺是当前科技发展的重要方向,并不断推动着淤地坝工程的创新与发展。未来淤地坝工程将继续朝着智能化、数字化和环保的方向发展。重点阐述了地理信息系统(Geographic Information System或Geo-Information system,GIS)、数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)、建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)等新技术,拦泥透水、免管护一体、浮力式挡水等筑坝新手段,预应力钢筒混凝土管、顶管、虹吸管+太阳能等新技术在防水建筑物中的应用,及柔性、效能和竖井等新型溢洪道和新工艺的应用。
