Impacts of channel dredging on hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics in the main channels of the Jiaojiang River Estuary in China

Channel dredging in estuaries increases water depth and subsequently impacts sediment dynamics and morphology. The Jiaojiang River Estuary is dredged frequently owing to heavy shipping demands. In this study,the effects of different dredging schemes on siltation were assessed through numerical modeling. The sediment model of the Jiaojiang River Estuary utilized an optimized bottom boundary layer model that considered the bed sediment grain size and fluid mud, and this model was calibrated using field data. Result reveal that channel dredging modifies the flow velocity inside and around the channel by changing the bathymetry;subsequently, this affects the residual current, bed stress, suspended sediment concentration, and sediment fluxes. Increasing the dredging depth and width increases the net sediment fluxes into the channel and dredging depth has a greater influence on the channel siltation thickness. When the dredging depth is 8.4 m or11.4 m, the average siltation thickness of the channel is 0.07 m or 0.15 m per mouth respectively. The parallel movement of the channel has small effects on the siltation volume during the simulation period. The sediment deposits in the channel primarily originates from the tidal flats, through bottom sediment fluxes. Vertical net circulation has a dominant impact on siltation because the difference of horizontal current of each layer on the longitudinal section of the channel increases, which intensifies the lateral sediment transport between the shoal and channel. The influence of vertical frictional dissipation on the lateral circulation at the feature points accounts for more than 50% before dredging, while the non-linear advective term is dominant after dredging. Tidal pumping mainly affects the longitudinal sediment fluxes in the channel. These results can be used for channel management and planning for similar estuaries worldwide.

Fluvial Processes in the Meandering Reach of the Lower Wei River During the Course of Degradation

This paper presents an analysis of the changes of the longitudinal and lateral profiles in the meander- ing reach of the Lower Wei River over the period from October 1973 to October 1976 during the course of degradation.Analysis results indicated that retrogressive erosion and subsequent downstream erosion occurred in the reach due to the lowering in the Tongguan elevation and the inflowing water carrying low sediment con- centrations.At the end of the degradation,the main channel widths of the majority ...

Topographic Map Analysis of Laramie Range Bedrock-Walled Canyon Complex and the Goshen Hole Escarpment-Surrounded Basin, Albany and Platte Counties, Southeast Wyoming, USA

The Laramie River after flowing in a north direction through southeast Wyoming’s Laramie Basin abruptly turns in an east direction to flow across the north-to-south oriented Laramie Range in a bedrock-walled canyon and eventually reaches the lower elevation Great Plains and southeast-oriented North Platte River. The North Laramie River, Bluegrass Creek, and North Sybille/Sybille Creek also flow from the Laramie Basin in separate bedrock-walled valleys into the Laramie Range before eventually joining the Laramie River. Bedrock-walled through valleys link the various Laramie Range stream and river crossing valleys and detailed topographic maps were used to determine how this anastomosing bedrock-walled canyon complex and the large escarpment-surrounded Goshen Hole basin (located just to the east of the anastomosing canyon complex) originated. Map evidence shows multiple streams of water must have diverged in the Laramie Basin from the north-oriented Laramie River to enter the Laramie Range before converging in or east of the Laramie Range and also shows how present day through valleys enabled diverging and converging streams of water to cross the Laramie Range. The anastomosing bedrock-walled valley complex studied here extends from north of the North Laramie River valley to south of the North Sybille/Sybille Creek valley. Large volumes of water flowing from the Laramie Basin to the Great Plains are interpreted to have eroded the anastomosing canyon complex and the “downstream” Goshen Hole escarpment-surrounded basin. Headward erosion of the north-oriented Sybille and Chugwater Creek valleys across large sheets of east-oriented water are interpreted to have left the Goshen Hole escarpment-surrounded basin as a large abandoned headcut. A water source was not determined, although a continental ice sheet that deeply eroded and warped the North American continent is considered to be a possible source.

黄河下游灌区引黄涵闸引水能力变化原因分析

黄河下游引黄涵闸受河床下切、河势变化等因素共同影响,引水条件与设计情况相比发生了变化,造成部分河段涵闸引水困难,影响农业适时灌溉和生产。为给应对引黄涵闸引水能力下降问题提供参考,基于黄河下游2000—2016年引黄涵闸引水水位和河道断面实测数据,分析引黄涵闸引水水位变化、河槽冲刷、引黄渠道淤积变化等因素对引黄涵闸引水能力产生的影响。结果表明:1)2016年黄河来水300~900 m^(3)/s时,黄河下游引黄涵闸实际引水能力仅为设计引水能力的13.63%~39.43%,引黄涵闸引水能力明显下降;2)相较2000年,2016年的引黄涵闸设计值对应黄河流量的水位,高村以上河段下降了2.95~3.35 m,高村以下河段下降了1.55~2.95 m;3)从河段河床平均冲刷厚度看,花园口—夹河滩、夹河滩—高村、高村—孙口、孙口—艾山、艾山—泺口、泺口—利津河段的冲刷厚度分别为3.88、3.06、1.84、1.88、1.88、2.02 m,河槽连续冲刷导致同流量水位明显降低,严重影响河南和山东段引黄涵闸正常引水;4)涵闸前后引、输水渠道淤积会导致引黄涵闸引水能力降低。

Lateral erosion/accretion area and shrinkage rate of the Linhe reach braided channel of the Yellow River between 1977 and 2014

Quantitative studies on river channel lateral erosion/accretion area changes over time can reveal the characteristics of channel evolution. Taking the 213-km-long Linhe reach braided channel of the Yellow River as an example, area changes in channel bank ero- sion/accretion in four sub-reaches （S1, S2, S3 and S4） over 19 different periods were evalu- ated on the basis of remote sensing images captured since 1977. Mean channel shrinkage rate for the whole river reach was also obtained. Results show that the left and right banks of the Linhe reach were dominated by lateral net accretion between 1977 and 2014. The channel area of this section of the Yellow River was characterized by reduction between 1977 and 2001, while periods of alternate erosion and accretion occurred subsequent to 2001. Mean channel shrinkage rate in the Linhe reach braided channel was 6.15 km2/yr between 1977 and 2014, while the most remarkable changes in channel planform occurred in the 1990s. Compared to 1995, channel length and sinuosity increased by 5.8% and 6.6% by 2000, while channel area and mean width decreased by 39.4% and 42.8%, respectively. Significant changes in channel planform and shrinkage of the Linhe reach occurred in the 1990s, mainly as a result of the joint-operation of the Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs since 1986, which caused substantial reductions in runoff and sediment flux during the annual flooding season. In addition, bank erosion/accretion in the four sub-reaches was affected by the physical properties of local banks, engineering emplaced to protect channel banks, and hydrodynamic differences. However, since the implementation of integrated river manage- ment measures from 2000 onwards, these changes have been significantly mitigated and the health of the Linhe reach braided channel of the Yellow River has been restored.

持续冲刷期内黄河下游河床演变特点分析

基于2006年10月至2018年11月黄河下游12个典型断面观测数据,通过分析断面主槽平滩形态特征参数变化率及深泓线和主槽中心线的摆动强度,探讨了持续冲刷期内下游河床的调整变化过程及特点。结果表明:黄河下游断面形态调整表现出既有横向展宽又有冲深下切或淤高态势;河床平面摆动促进了断面主槽形态调整,河相系数变化率与深泓线和主槽中心线摆动强度均成正相关关系;来水来沙条件是主槽形态改变的主要驱动力,且可引起局部河段深泓线摆动强度增大。通过调整小浪底水库的运行模式及布设控导工程可进一步塑造并维持稳定的黄河下游中水河槽。

黄河下游高村-孙口段冲淤变化及影响因素定量分析

为探究黄河过渡段河道滩槽演变规律,采用实测水沙和大断面数据,分析近年来高孙段河床冲淤、水沙条件和河床形态的演变,以年和汛期为时间尺度,用灰色关联度分析河槽冲淤量与水沙条件及河床形态的关联程度。结果表明,近年来高孙段以冲刷为主,汛期是年内输沙的主要时期;高村断面来沙系数可以分为波动减小(2002~2017年)和快速增加(2018~2019年)两大阶段,而河床形态中水力半径和宽深比变化趋势完全相反,糙率存在增大趋势;高村断面的水沙条件及河床形态与高孙段河道冲淤具有较高的关联程度,河床形态比水沙条件具有更高的相关性。

长江安徽段河道冲刷特征及江砂资源变化趋势

为了解新水沙形势下长江安徽段河道冲刷特征及江砂资源变化趋势,通过对长江安徽段水文泥沙测验资料、长程水道地形测量资料、护岸工程观测资料、崩岸险段监测资料的研究,分析长江水流输沙、河道冲淤、江岸崩岸等方面的变化。结果显示:长江安徽段河道来沙量大幅减少,2021年安徽长江大通水文站实测年输沙量比多年平均减少71%;长江安徽段河床持续净冲刷,2016—2021年长江安徽段冲刷量达3.375亿m^(3),年均冲刷量达6750万m^(3);安徽长江段崩岸加速发展,崩岸区总长418km,占安徽长江岸线的37.6%;原规划的可采砂区域已发生严重冲刷,冲刷总量达1297.1万t,大于年度控制开采总量的640万t。针对研究结果,提出了长江安徽段应当遵循“江砂不上岸”的原则,限制开采江砂资源直至全面禁止开采江砂的建议。

黄河下游游荡河段高含沙洪水期输沙规律研究

黄河下游河床长期处于淤积抬升状态,其冲淤演变规律对于下游河道治理有着重要影响。因此,快速预测不同量级高含沙洪水各河段的冲淤量以及判断高含沙洪水期黄河下游游荡河段冲淤影响很有必要。根据1960—2021年54场高含沙洪水的实测水沙资料,分析高含沙洪水期黄河下游游荡河段下站输沙率与上站流量、含沙量、输沙率之间的相关关系并建立关系式,系统地研究高含沙洪水的输沙规律。结果表明,下站输沙率与上站输沙率存在极强的相关性,进一步按来沙系数分级得到高含沙洪水期的输沙率公式,能够很好地模拟冲淤过程,极大地提高了与实测水沙资料的贴合度。以小浪底水文站为黄河下游游荡河段的进口控制水文站,采用按来沙系数分级所求的输沙率关系式能够较准确推求花园口站、夹河滩站、高村站的输沙率,从而计算小浪底—花园口、花园口—夹河滩和夹河滩—高村河段的累计冲淤量。

入海水沙变化背景下黄河三角洲岸线冲淤研究

受黄河入海流路变迁和入海泥沙锐减的影响,近年来黄河三角洲岸线冲淤变化复杂。本研究基于Landsat遥感影像,提取2000—2020年黄河三角洲的年平均岸线,分析其岸线冲淤变化。结果显示,北部岸段和原清水沟入海水道岸段岸线呈现蚀退作用,现清八汊入海水道岸线呈现淤积作用。

遥感测绘技术下平原河道淤积断面智能监测

在平原河道淤积断面智能监测过程中,一般采用测绘数据构建河道水体模型,从而分析得出监测结果,但该过程忽略了测绘数据噪声对监测结果的影响,导致监测结果准确度不高。因此,本文提出基于遥感测绘技术的平原河道淤积断面智能监测方法。首先根据平原河道的走向布设遥感测绘的监测点位,并通过判决合并同一测点内的一致光谱波段区域。然后采用两次一维傅里叶变换去除测绘数据噪声。最后结合去噪后的测绘数据,计算平原河道水流挟沙力系数,并利用相关的平衡方程得出河道淤积断面高程的监测结果。实验结果表明,使用本文方法得到的平原河道淤积断面高程监测结果与真实结果高度一致,监测到的淤积量与实际淤积量高度一致,监测结果准确度较高,能够充分满足平原河道淤积状况管理工作的实际需求。

基于多源数据融合的河道冲淤监测技术

开展河道陆上和水下地形测量时,单一的测量方法和孤岛数据已经满足不了河道数字化发展。提出了基于多无人智能系统协同采集河道数据,融合构建三维模型,计算分析冲淤量的监测技术方案,并开展了荆州长江大桥冲淤监测项目和公安河弯段河道地形观测项目试验。结果表明:该技术方案精度能够满足大比例尺河道冲淤监测项目要求,构建的三维模型能提升监测数据整体质量;三维模型平面精度高,在陆上三维模型高程精度方面,低密度植被覆盖的区域有94.2%的点误差在0.25 m以内,高密度植被覆盖的区域有82.91%的点误差在0.25 m以内;项目监测效率整体提升20%以上。该技术方案与传统作业方式相比,数据产品形式更加丰富,监测质量和效率明显提高,在大部分河道测区具有较高的可行性。

鄱阳湖入江水道输沙能力与出湖沙量关系及冲淤调整规律

鄱阳湖是长江流域生态系统的重要组成部分,近年来鄱阳湖枯水水位下降、枯水时间提前呈常态化和趋势性变化引起了广泛研究。鄱阳湖入江水道作为江湖联系的纽带,在江湖关系演变中起着重要作用。特别是2001年以来,入江水道演变和出湖沙量出现了显著和复杂的变化过程,其原因存在明显争议。本文采用水文泥沙观测资料结合机理研究,分析阐明了鄱阳湖入、出湖水沙变化与入江水道挟沙能力变化关系及冲淤调整规律。研究结果表明:入江水道代表断面月流速与湖口月出湖含沙量成正比,鄱阳湖出湖沙量与入江水道输沙能力直接相关;入湖泥沙对入江水道演变的影响是缓慢的,入湖沙量集中的4—6月,1985年前后各月出湖沙量减少量和减小比率都小于入湖沙量减少量和减小比率,都大于输沙能力减小比率;1998—2010年与1955—1998年比,月出湖含沙量变化比率与入江水道月挟沙能力变化比率具有较好关系;从出湖含沙量与代表断面流速关系看,1999—2010年出湖含沙量在不考虑断面变化情况下总体低于1955—1998年相关线,考虑断面扩大后则高于1955—1998年相关系,说明1999—2010年出湖含沙量增大和入湖水道断面扩大是冲刷和采砂共同影响的结果;入江水道下段代表断面2011—2020年同流速下顺出湖含沙量与1955—1998年关系线基本一致,而上段代表断面则明显低于1955—1998年关系线,说明入江水道下段已趋于稳定,上段仍可能会有一定的冲刷调整,引起湖区枯水位继续有所下降。本文研究结果对明晰鄱阳湖入江水道冲淤变化、长江与鄱阳湖相互影响复杂关系和指导鄱阳湖保护与治理具有重要意义。

汊道汇流段通道建设条件及防洪河势影响研究

针对南京仙新路过江通道复杂水动力及河床冲淤变化的问题,采用定、动床河工模型试验,对八卦洲汊道下游汇流段过江通道建设条件以及工程方案防洪及河势影响进行了研究分析,为工程建设提供技术支撑。

径流变化下长江口多分汊系统冲淤分布差异及动力机制

为探究水库调平径流过程下长江口多分汊系统冲淤规律,根据1950—2021年水沙、地形和工程资料,拟定径流强度指标(Da,60 000 m^(3)/s以上流量多年平均持续天数)、追踪滞流点位置和按航道疏浚还原北槽冲淤量辨析长江口冲淤分布差异和动力机制。结果表明:Da越大,越利于北部和南部汊道落潮分流比增大和减小,促进北部汊道冲刷加剧、淤积减缓和南部汊道淤积加剧、冲刷减缓,且利于北部和南部汊道淤积重心向下游和上游移动;冲淤差异受水流惯性和南岸节点挑流驱动,径流流量变化使得落潮主流北偏或南偏,形成南北汊道横向和纵向冲淤的联动机制;随着径流过程持续坦化,长江口北部汊道整体和上段将维持淤积加剧或冲刷减缓趋势、下段将维持冲刷加剧或淤积减缓趋势,南部汊道冲淤趋势相反;北槽滞流点在上下段间迁移的临界径流流量为35 000 m^(3)/s,未来上段淤积可能增强,建议适时调整航道维护区段。

1985年以来黄河三角洲东营港工程变化与海床冲淤演变响应关系

河口三角洲区域地质环境脆弱,对环境变化响应敏感,三角洲港口冲淤演变受工程结构影响较大。黄河三角洲的东营港区域以粉砂质海岸为主,区域内泥沙运移活跃,此类区域港口建设的关键问题在于工程结构导致的海床冲淤变化。通过东营港建港以来实测水深数据构建水下地形数字高程模型(DEM),并结合水动力数值模拟,探讨了东营港冲淤演变过程和工程影响。结果表明,由于波浪和潮流导致的海底地形变化,东营港近岸海域的冲淤演变形势已从单一侵蚀转变到近岸侵蚀、离岸淤积的新情势;工程结构影响局地潮流流速和流向,口门处出现高速横流,最大流速可达0.7 m/s;高流速导致北防波堤的堤头位置出现直径约1 km的冲刷坑;工程结构的遮蔽区有促淤效应,遮蔽区大小与潮流流向、工程结构-岸线夹角有关,但在波浪、余流的作用下,2007-2015年工程结构遮蔽区依旧存在0.5 m以上的侵蚀。持续的侵蚀作用使海域防波堤和海堤的不稳定性加剧,迫切需要加强检测与防护。

长江口拦门沙段滩涂形态调整及冲淤响应机制

为研究长江口拦门沙段重要滩涂对水沙条件改变及人类活动的响应机制,以横沙浅滩、九段沙及南汇东滩为例,分析了拦门沙段重要滩涂的平面形态调整特点及其对环境因素变化的响应过程,并建立了代表滩涂面积与汛期水沙条件间的经验关系。结果表明,横沙浅滩、九段沙及南汇东滩近年来滩涂平面形态呈萎缩态势、沙尾总体滞涨,且横沙浅滩及九段沙有不同程度的串沟发育现象;横沙浅滩面积与前7年平均的汛期水流冲刷强度具有良好的幂函数关系,反映了浅滩面积随水沙条件变化的滞后响应过程;河口治理工程对滩涂局部的守护能较快抑制水沙条件改变所引起的冲刷,但其对周边区域可能产生缓慢、长期的累积影响。

RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF MORPHO-LOGY IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER DURING 10 YEAR'S INITIAL OPERATION OF THE XIAOLANGDI RESERVOIR

The Xiaolangdi Hydro-Project is one of the large projects on the main stem of the Middle Yellow River. It has been operated for more than 10 years, since its impoundment in October, 1999. The reservoir has trapped 2.833 × 10^9 m3 of sediment, and caused the total erosion of 1.891 × 10^9t in the Lower Yellow River from October, 1999 through October, 2010. Not only the serious atrophied situation of the Lower Yellow River （LYR） has been resuscitating, but also many new phenomena of sediment transport and behaviors of channel re-establishing are coming into being. They are illustrated and discussed in detail in this paper.

跨河桥梁防洪评价分析

文章以宿州至固镇高速公路为例,对桥梁跨河段进行设计洪水、壅水和河道冲刷分析与计算,分析评价了跨河桥梁对河道行洪、河势稳定和防汛抢险等的影响,并提出了合理的安全防护措施。

长江口新河势下横沙浅滩发展分析

从长江口新河势的基本特征出发,按时间线阐述新河势下横沙浅滩侵蚀作用的发展过程,并预测未来趋势。基于自然和人工等2个因素分析侵蚀的成因,以期为后期固沙保滩、航道整治等工程的方案设计提供理论依据。