Effect of Two Kinds of Similarity Factors on Principal Component Analysis Fault Detection in Air Conditioning Systems

Screening similar historical fault-free candidate data would greatly affect the effectiveness of fault detection results based on principal component analysis(PCA).In order to find out the candidate data,this study compares unweighted and weighted similarity factors(SFs),which measure the similarity of the principal component subspace corresponding to the first k main components of two datasets.The fault detection employs the principal component subspace corresponding to the current measured data and the historical fault-free data.From the historical fault-free database,the load parameters are employed to locate the candidate data similar to the current operating data.Fault detection method for air conditioning systems is based on principal component.The results show that the weighted principal component SF can improve the effects of the fault-free detection and the fault detection.Compared with the unweighted SF,the average fault-free detection rate of the weighted SF is 17.33%higher than that of the unweighted,and the average fault detection rate is 7.51%higher than unweighted.

Study of Sustained Release Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets Containing Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K100M and Carbopol 971P

选用HPMC K100M和卡波普971P为骨架材料，粉末直接压片法制备骨架片，考察释放度，反相高效液相色谱法检测盐酸苯丙醇胺（PPA·HCl）的浓度。释药曲线均符合Higuchi方程（R＞0．98，P＜0．01）。运用正交设计法，以美国市场的PPA·HCl缓释片Acutrim^R为对照，相似因子f2值为指标，筛选获得了最优处方。其工艺重现性合格。研制片在0．1mol·L^-1 HCl,H2O(pH6.5)，磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）pH5.0,6.8和7.4的介质中，以及在0.1mol·L^-1HCl中释放2h，转移至PBS6．8中释放10h，相对于对照品的f2值为63－74，表明在各介质中两制剂的释药曲线相似。释药影响因素的考察结果表明：在本实验考察的范围内，骨架片在水中的释药速率与HPMC K100M和卡波普971P的用量呈负相关。HPMC K100M和卡波普971P的比例（保持聚合物总用量相同），硬脂酸镁量和骨架片硬度对释药速率无显著性影响。

Reliability Prediction for Internetware Applications:A Research Framework and Its Practical Use

The open and dynamic environment of Internet computing demands new software reliability technologies.How to efficiently and effectively build highly reliable Internet applications becomes a critical research problem.This paper proposes a research framework for predicting reliability of individual software entities as well as the whole Internet application.Characteristics of the Internet environment are comprehensively analyzed and several reliability prediction approaches are proposed.A prototype is implemented and practical use of the proposed framework is also demonstrated.

Design,optimization,and characterization of an in-situ pore-forming system for controlled delivery of paliperidone

The purpose of the current investigation was to develop a pharmaceutical equivalent osmotic drug delivery formulation of Paliperidone(PLD)in the form of controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets(CPOT)in order to keep the drug's steady state concentration in the body.This helps to achieve the greatest therapeutic benefit with the fewest side effects.For the purpose of identifying various formulation attributes,preliminary trials were conducted.Taguchi design was used to study the influence of seven input factors namely drug to polymer ratio,polymer 1(HPMC K100 M)to polymer 2(HPMC K15M),drug to total osmogens,coating level,amount of pore former,concentration of ethyl cellulose and amount of plasticizer on dependent variable similarity factor(f2).Utilizing the Minitab 17,data analysis was done.The similarity factor(f2)was computed using the osmotic tablet reference product INVEGA®.The findings demonstrate that each of the seven independent variables significantly affects the similarity factor.For optimized batch,both core and coated tablets showed acceptable pharmaco-technical parameters.The release profile of the optimized batch tablets was found to be similar to that of reference product with good zero-order release pattern.Drug release was observed through the channels formed by in-situ pores on tablet surface performed using SEM.From the results it can be concluded that prepared CPOT of PLD was found pharmaceutical equivalent with commercial product which is cost effective and fully compliance with cGMP.

Universal Similarity Factorization Equalities over Generalized Clifford Algebras

For any element a in a generalized 2^n-dimensional Clifford algebra Lln （F） over an arbitrary field F of characteristic not equal to two, it is shown that there exits a universal invertible matrix Pn over Lln（F） such that Pn^-1DnPn= φ（α）∈F^2n×2n, where φ（a） is a matrix representation of α over and Dα is a diagonal matrix consisting of a or its conjugate.

Deep learning network with Euclidean similarity factor for Brain MR Tumor segmentation and volume estimation

The major goal of this paper is to isolate tumor region from nontumor regions and the estimation of tumor volume.Accurate segmentation is not an easy task due to the varying size,shape and location of the tumor.After segmentation,volume estimation is necessary in order to accurately estimate the tumor volume.By exactly estimating the volume of abnormal tissue,physicians can do excellent prognosis,clinical planning and dosage estimation.This paper describes a new Euclidean Similarity factor(ESF)based active contour model with deep learning for segmenting the tumor region into complete,core and enhanced tumor portions.Initially,the ESF considers the spatial distances and intensity differences of the region automatically to detect the tumor region.It preserves the image details but removes the noisy details.Then,the 3D Convolutional Neural Network(3D CNN)segments the tumor by automatically extracting spatiotemporal features.Finally,the extended shoelace method estimates the volume of the tumor accurately for n-sided polygons.The simulation result achieves a high accuracy of 92%and Jaccard index of 0.912 and computes the tumor volume with effective performance than existing approaches.

Characterization and cross-comparison of digital stethoscopes for telehealthremote patient auscultation

Stethoscopes are commonly used to diagnose cardiac and respiratory diseases.The advent of digital stethoscopes added the capability to remotely monitor the cardiorespiratory well-being of patients and facilitate digital remote auscultations for physicians to examine their patients outside of the clinic.To increase the adoption of a hybrid diagnosis between in-person and remote auscultations,it is important to characterize the frequency response of different configurations of digital stethoscopes.A standard testing platform was adopted from the literature and re-validated by seven physicians.Two wearable and two non-wearable digital stethoscopes were investigated.A similarity factor score was used to analyze select time-synchronized acoustic events that achieved high fidelity between stethoscopes.The frequency responses between devices were compared using the correlation coefficient.Two devices reported the highest correlation coefficient of 0.72 and 0.75 in the wearable and non-wearable categories,respectively.The correlation coefficient of the frequency responses between the same pair of devices on the human chest was 0.91.With such a high agreement in the frequency response between the wearable and non-wearable digital stethoscope,it can be concluded that the configuration of digital stethoscope is not a limiting factor of performance,and both are acceptable and desirable for physicians to adopt either configuration in remote delivery of healthcare.

Study on Integral Dissolution Model Based on Biological Potency for Compound Chinese Materia Medica

Objective To investigate the integral dissolution model based on biological potency in order to evaluate the dissolution of Compound Chinese materia medica（CCMM） in vitro. Methods The contents of paeoniflorin, phillyrin, ginsenoside Rg1, and adenosine of ten batches of Compound Biejia Ruangan Tablet（CBRT） were determined at different times. The self-defined weighting coefficient based on the contents has been created to establish the integral dissolution model. In addition, the biological potency of CBRT was measured by MTT assay. Then, the f2 similar factor was used to evaluate the similarity of the batches. Results Compared with batch a, some batches’ f2 values of paeoniflorin and adenosine were less than 50, while f2 values of ginsenoside Rg1, phillyrin, and integral component were more than 50. Likewise, ginsenoside Rg1, phillyrin, and integral component were all in good correlation with biological dissolution. Conclusion The results of the integral dissolution based on biological test of CBRT demonstrate that the bioassay method may be a promising supplement for its quality evaluation.

Latent Co-interests' Relationship Prediction

With the development of the social media and Internet, discovering latent information from massive information is becoming particularly relevant to improving user experience. Research efforts based on preferences and relationships between users have attracted more and more attention. Predictive problems, such as inferring friend relationship and co-author relationship between users have been explored. However, many such methods are based on analyzing either node features or the network structures separately, few have tried to tackle both of them at the same time. In this paper, in order to discover latent co-interests＇ relationship, we not only consider users＇ attributes but network information as well. In addition, we propose an Interest-based Factor Graph Model （I-FGM） to incorporate these factors. Experiments on two data sets （bookmarking and music network） demonstrate that this predictive method can achieve better results than the other three methods （ANN, NB, and SVM）.