Separation of phosphatidylcholine from soybean phospholipids by simulated moving bed

A simulated moving bed (SMB), equipped with eight silica-gel columns, was used to separate phosphatidylcholine (PC) from soybean phospholipids. The effects of flow rate in Sections 2 (Q2) and 3 (Q3), switching time, feed flow rate and feed concentration on the operating performance parameters: purity, recovery, productivity and desorbent consumption were studied. Operating conditions leading to more than 90% purity in both outlet streams have been identified, together with those achieving optimal performance. Regions leading to complete separation are observed and explained theoretically. As the mass-transfer effect was not considered, the triangle theory only gives initial guesses for the optimal operating conditions.

A Non-linear Non-ideal Model of Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography for Chiral Separations

A non-linear non-ideal model, taking into account non-linear competitive isotherms, axial dispersion, film mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and port periodic switching, was developed to simulate the dynamics of simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC). The model equations were solved by a new efficient numerical technique of orthogonal collocation on finite elements with periodical movement of concentration vector. The simulated SMBC performance is in accordance with the experimental results reported in the literature for separation of l,1'-bi-2-naphthol enantiomers using SMBC. This model is useful for design, operation, optimization and scale-up of non-linear SMBC for chiral separations with significant non-ideal effects, especially for high solute concentration and small intraparticle diffusion coefficient or large chiral stationary phase particle.

Modeling, Simulation of a Simulated Moving Bed for Separation of Phosphatidylcholine from Soybean Phospholipids

A rate model, which considers axial dispersion, external mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion and nonlinear isotherms, and ports periodic switching is adopted to simulate the simulated moving bed （SMB） process. The effects of flow rate in Sections 2 and 3 and switching time on the operating performance parameters： purity, recovery, productivity and dcsorbent consumption are studied. A simulation approach is applied to simulate the operation and performance of the SMB. The model predicts the performance of the transient and cyclic steady state behavior to a reasonably good extent, and provides guidance operation condition of the SMB process.

Multiobjective Optimization of Simulated Moving Bed by Tissue P System

The binaphthol enantiomers separation process using simulation moving bed technology is simulated with the true moving bed approach （TMB）. In order to systematically optimize the process with multiple productive objectives, this article develops a variant of tissue P system （TPS）. Inspired by general tissue P systems, the special TPS has a tissue-like structure with several membranes. The key rules of each membrane are the communication rule and mutation rule. These characteristics contribute to the diversity of the population, the conquest of the multimodal of objective function, and the convergence of algorithm. The results of comparison with a popular algorithm——the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm 2（NSGA-2） illustrate that the new algorithm has satisfactory performance. Using the algorithm, this study maximizes synchronously several conflicting objectives, purities of different products, and productivity.

Modeling on a Modified Feeding Mode of Simulated Moving Bed for Improving Productivity

A new feeding mode for a simulated moving bed(SMB) is proposed.The outlet stream from zone II is collected at regular intervals.The concentration of the solution is increased by dissolving raw materials and then fed to zone III as the feed stream during the next collection interval.In this feeding mode,the concentration of the stream fed to zone III is identical to that of original feed,while in a conventional SMB,the feed is diluted by mix-ing with the outlet stream of zone II before feeding to zone III.The new feeding mode increases the inlet concentra-tion of zone III.A modeling investigation shows that higher inlet concentration of zone III increases the height of concentration band in SMB,improving the separation performance significantly.In comparison with the traditonal feeding mode,the new feeding mode increases the productivity by 23.52%and decreases the solvent consumption by 22.56%,so as to increase the raffinate and extract concentrations by 53.17%and 20.38%,respectively.The col-lection interval for the outlet stream from zone II has no effect on the separation performance after reaching the steady state,so that the collection interval can be increased to make the operation more convenient.

Numerical Simulation of Asynchronous Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography

Asynchronous simulated moving bed chromatography (ASMBC), known also as the 'VARICOL' process, is more efficient and flexible than the well-known and traditional simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC). A detailed model of ASMBC, taking account of non-linear competitive isotherms, mass transfer parameters, and complex port switching schedule parameters, was developed to simulate the complex dynamics of ASMBC.The simulated performance is in close agreement with the experimental data of chiral separation reported in the literature. The simulation results show that ASMBC can achieve the performance similar to SMBC with fewer columns and can achieve better performance than SMBC with the same total column number. All design and operation parameters can be chosen correctly by numerical simulation. This detailed ASMBC model and the numerical technique are useful for design, operation, optimization and scale-up of ASMBC.

Separation of α-Tocopherol with a Two-Feed Simulated Moving Bed

A two-feed simulated moving bed（SMB） was proposed to utilize the stationary phase more effectively.Zone I is disconnected with zone Ⅱ and zone Ⅲ is disconnected with zone IV.Two feeds are added to zones I and Ⅲ,while two desorbents are added to zones Ⅱ and IV separately.The investigation on the movement of concentra-tion bands indicated that the tail of the strong retained solute and the front of the weak retained solute were eluted from zones I and Ⅲ orderly,so the streams from zones I and Ⅲ could be cut into different fractions to give the products with high purity.The two-feed SMB was used to separate α-tocopherol from its homologue mixture suc-cessfully,and could double the productivity if both feeds were identical to the feed in the conventional four-zone SMB.The solvent consumption could be reduced by reusing the middle fraction without solutes.

Association Rules Mining Based on SVM and Its Application in Simulated Moving Bed PX Adsorption Process

In this paper, a novel data mining method is introduced to solve the multi-objective optimization problems of process industry. A hyperrectangle association rule mining （HARM） algorithm based on support vector machines （SVMs） is proposed. Hyperrectangles rules are constructed on the base of prototypes and support vectors （SVs） under some heuristic limitations. The proposed algorithm is applied to a simulated moving bed （SMB） paraxylene （PX） adsorption process. The relationships between the key process variables and some objective variables such as purity, recovery rate of PX are obtained. Using existing domain knowledge about PX adsorption process, most of the obtained association rules can be explained.

Mathematical modeling of salt-gradient ion-exchange simulated moving bed chromatography for protein separations

The salt-gradient operation mode used in ion-exchange simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC) can improve the efficiency of protein separations. A detailed model that takes into account any kind of adsorption/ion-exchange equilibrium, salt gradient, size exclusion, mass transfer resistance, and port periodic switching mechanism, was developed to simulate the complex dynamics. The model predictions were verified by the experimental data on upward and downward gradients for protein separations reported in the literature. All design and operating parameters (number, configuration, length and diameter of columns, particle size, switching period, flow rates of feed, raffinate, desorbent and extract, protein concentrations in feed, different salt concentrations in desorbent and feed) can be chosen correctly by numerical simulation. This model can facilitate the design, operation, optimization, control and scale-up of salt-gradient ion-exchange SMBC for protein separations.

Effect of Temperature Variation on the Separation of Sesamin and Sesamolin by Simulated Moving Bed

In this work, sesamin and sesamolin is separated and purified by SMB （simulated moving bed） chromatography. Purity of sesamin and sesamolin can reach 99.2% and 99.9 %, and they can be recovered by 99.9% and 99.4%, respectively. Concentrations of the extract and raffinate was monitored and periodical change of the concentration was observed on experiment. Effects of non-linear adsorption, dead volume, and temperature on the separation are reviewed by the triangle theory to explain the periodical change of concentration. It is found that dead volume has little effect, and temperature fluctuation significantly affects thc separation by SMB. The temperature seriously affects the robust operation of SMB due to the change of Henry＇s constant, which will change the selectivity and restrain the productivity. Although the productivity in this study is only 0.0416 g/L-hr, the cost of the stationary phase used in this study is much lower than that of packed in analytical column. By using this stationary phase, the authors are still able to separate the mixture of sesamin and sesmolin. This will economically attract attention for the application of SMB to purify bioactive compounds on developing botanical drugs.

Purification of L-Lysine in Simulated Moving Bed and Fixed-Bed Chromatography

L-Lysine was produced by a microbial process utilizing a Corynebacterium glutamicum （ATCC 21799） strain. L-Lysine was purified from the cultivated medium by fixed-bed and simulated moving bed （SMB） chromatography. The separation conditions including pH, eluent concentration and Lys+ and Lys2+ adsorption isotherms were studied in batch adsorption. The column capacity, eluent flow rate and eluent concentration have been studied in fixed-bed chromatography. Maximum purification rate of lysine was obtained as 0.066 （g/（g·h）） （per gram resin and per hour） at an eluent flow rate of 10 （mL/min） in fixed-bed chromatography. The results obtained from SMB were 0.11 （g/（g·h）） for L-lysine purification rate and 96% for L-lysine recovery.

Separation of Sesamin and Sesamolin by a Supercritical Fluid-Simulated Moving Bed

This work shows how the sesamin and sesamolin in sesame seed can be extracted, enriched and purified by the related technologies of supercritical carbon dioxide. Sesame oil is first obtained from the sesame seeds by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE);lignans in the oil are enriched and precipitated as the top product by supercritical fluid fractionation technology (SFF);the crude lignans are then separated by supercritical fluid-simulated moving bed chromatography (SF-SMB) to obtain pure sesamin and sesamolin. The simulated moving bed is a continuous chromatography;the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as the desorbent simplifies the downstream treatment. By experimental validation, this work also shows that replacing liquid by SF as the desorbent for the SMB automatically creates a gradient operation for the SMB and enlarges the separable range of the operating conditions. Both the design and operation of the SF-SMB are introduced in this paper. The application of SF-SMB to the separation of sesamin and sesamolin provides a novel example for demonstrating the diversity of SF and the potential applications for the production of natural products and the development of botanical drugs.

基于ISCSO-BP-PID的SMB组分纯度模糊解耦控制方法研究

针对模拟移动床色谱分离系统中存在的强耦合、多变量、非线性和时滞等问题,提出了一种基于改进沙猫群优化算法的BP神经网络自调整PID参数的模拟移动床组分纯度模糊解耦控制方法。该方法首先通过模糊解耦消除了A、B组分纯度控制回路之间的耦合,然后结合改进的沙猫群优化算法和BP神经网络,实现了PID参数的自适应调整,从而有效控制A、B组分的纯度。在改进的沙猫群优化算法中,引入了Cubic混沌映射来初始化沙猫种群,以提高种群分布的均匀性;在搜索猎物阶段加入了可变螺旋搜索策略,使沙猫群拥有更多的搜索路径来调整自身位置;同时,融合了麻雀搜索算法的警戒机制,以加速算法的收敛速度。通过对12个CEC2022测试函数进行验证,证明了改进沙猫群优化算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提方法不仅能够有效消除A、B组分纯度控制回路间的耦合效应,而且在各个实际应用场景中均展现出卓越的性能。与传统的PID控制方法相比,在流量突变情况下,调节时间分别缩短了75.40%和77.57%,超调量分别减少了91.84%和81.96%。该方法具备较强的抗干扰能力和良好的鲁棒性,显著改善了整个系统的控制性能。

SMB色谱分离过程的建模与优化

基于物料平衡理论建立了 SMB色谱分离过程的理想数学模型。以提高产品纯度和收率为目标 ,依据 Massimo三角形理论 ,研究了主要操作参数对 SMB性能的影响。针对具体的分离对象进行了仿真和操作条件寻优 ,并以此指导实际分离实验 ,得到满意的结果。说明了简化的模型在操作优化。

木糖和木糖醇SMB色谱分离过程建模与优化

利用模拟移动床 (SMB)连续色谱技术分离木糖醇母液中的木糖和木糖醇组分 .在平衡理论的框架下 ,提出了使用基于相应的真实移动床 (TMB)的简化数学模型研究各进料液和产品流出液的流量等操作参数的变化对SMB分离性能 (以纯度和收率作为性能指标 )影响的方法 ,并采用该方法进行了操作条件寻优仿真 ,取得了满意结果 .在实验室SMB分离设备上 ,基于此最佳操作条件所得到的木糖和木糖醇产品液纯度和收率均达到 1 0 0 % .

Simulated moving bed separation of tocopherol homologues:simulation and experiments

Chromatograms of tocopherol homologues were obtained by a column of analytical size (inner diameter (ID) 0.46 cm cm×10 cm) packed with silica gel. Adsorption isotherms and film mass-transfer coefficient were estimated from the chroma-tograms by using a general rate model, which considers axial dispersion, external mass-transfer and intraparticle diffusion. Based on the obtained isotherms and mass-transfer coefficient, the separation process of tocopherol homologues on simulated moving bed (SMB) was simulated using the same model. According to the simulated results, a mixture of α-, γ-, δ-tocopherols and other impurities was separated on an SMB equipment. The SMB equipment was composed of 8 columns of ID 2 cm×10 cm, with 2 columns in each section. The solid phase was silica gel, and the mobile phase was n-hexane/2-propanol (99/1 by volume). γ-and δ-tocopherols of purity greater than 98% were obtained with recovery greater than 98%. The effects of operating conditions (flow rates and switching time) on the performance of SMB were studied by both simulation and experiments. It was found that all the simulation results were quite close to the experimental results. We conclude that process development and optimization of operating conditions of SMB by simulation are feasible.

一种双种群遗传粒子群算法及在SMB优化中的应用

针对遗传算法和粒子群算法本身固有的局限,提出了基于Pareto非劣解集的多目标双种群遗传粒子群算法。设置两个独立种群分别进行寻优,每隔一定代数,按一定比例选取精英个体在两个种群间进行迁徙,接着继续在各自种群中寻优,最终两种群都将收敛于Pareto最优前端。通过两个测试函数和在模拟移动床(SMB)上的操作条件优化仿真试验验证,双种群遗传粒子群算法较单一种群的遗传算法或粒子群算法能在较少的进化代数上收敛,解集具有更好的分布性和多样性;并能有效地对模拟移动床操作条件进行优化。

SMB技术分离糖与糖醇的应用

本文简述了模拟移动床技术的原理,并着重介绍了其在分高糖类和糖醇类等食品添加剂混合物中的应用,运用该技术分离分子结构相近的物质有独特的分离效果。

传统SMB、Varicol和Partial-discard工艺分离纯化ECG和EGCG的比较研究

使用B型三带模拟移动床技术,以C18键合硅胶为固定相,乙醇与水(20︰80,V/V)为流动相,分别采取传统SMB工艺、Varicol工艺和Partial-discard工艺分离98%的茶多酚(TP98)。以得到高纯度和高回收率的ECG和EGCG为目标,分别优化柱配置、切换时间、进样流速、冲洗流速。结果表明,采用Varicol工艺能得到纯度为91.33%的ECG,回收率为91.41%;采用Partial-discard工艺能得到纯度为90.12%的EGCG,回收率为97.83%。相对于传统模拟移动床,Varicol工艺具有提高产品纯度和回收率的优点,Partial-discard工艺具有提高收集液浓度和产品纯度的优点。

SMB两组份色谱分离过程建模与优化

基于TMB建模方法建立了二组份SMB色谱分离过程的理想数学模型。以提高产品纯度和收率为目标 ,依据Massimo三角形理论 ,研究了主要操作参数对SMB性能的影响。针对具体的分离对象进行了操作条件寻优仿真 ,并以此指导实际分离实验 。