Optimization of Gas-Flooding Fracturing Development in Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs

Ultra-low permeability reservoirs are characterized by small pore throats and poor physical properties, which areat the root of well-known problems related to injection and production. In this study, a gas injection floodingapproach is analyzed in the framework of numerical simulations. In particular, the sequence and timing of fracturechanneling and the related impact on production are considered for horizontal wells with different fracturemorphologies. Useful data and information are provided about the regulation of gas channeling and possible strategiesto delay gas channeling and optimize the gas injection volume and fracture parameters. It is shown that inorder to mitigate gas channeling and ensure high production, fracture length on the sides can be controlled andlonger fractures can be created in the middle by which full gas flooding is obtained at the fracture location in themiddle of the horizontal well. A Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is provided by which the gas injectionvolume and the fracture parameters of gas injection flooding can be optimized. It is shown that an improvedoil recovery factor as high as 6% can be obtained.

A simulation of diesel hydrotreating process with real component method

Computer simulation is a good guide and reference for development and research on petroleum refining processes. Traditionally, pseudo-components are used in the simulation, in which their physical properties are estimated by empirical relations and cannot be associated with actual chemical reactions, as no molecular structure is available for pseudo-components. This limitation can be overcome if real components are used. In this paper, a real component based method is proposed for the simulation of a diesel hydrotreating process by using the software of Unisim Design. This process includes reaction units and distillation units. The chemical reaction network is established by analyzing the feedstock. The feedstock is characterized by real components, which are obtained based on true boiling point curve. Simulation results are consistent with actual data.

Domain ontology driven composable simulation framework

The simulation composability is one of important development directions in simulation domain. The key issue is the semantic composability. Currently there is no feasible approach to realize the effective semantic representation and composition of simulation components. Based on domain knowledge and Web Ontology Language (OWL), this paper proposes a composable simulation framework, which includes conceptual model semantics, model components semantics, model framework semantics, and simulation scenario semantics. Additionally, all the semantics are utilized in the model components development process, the simulation system development process, and the simulation system execution process respectively. The consistency checking among those semantics is also proposed. The detailed mapping processes between different semantic models can help to build the domain ontology driven composable simulation system.

Prediction of Large Structure Welding Residual Stress by Similitude Principles

On basis of the similitude principles, the conception of virtual simulative component and the auxiliary value of welding residual stress, which is deduced by the welding conduction theory, the relation of the welding residual stress between the simulative component and the practical component was attained. In order to verify the correctness of the relation, the investigation was done from the view of the welding experiment and the numerical simulation about the simulative component and the practical component. The results show that the distribution of welding residual stress of the simulative component is the same as that of the practical component. The ratio of welding residual stress attained by the experiment or the simulation method between the practical runner and the simulative component was compared with the ratio obtained by the similitude principles. Moreover, the error is less than 10%. This provides a new idea to predict the welding stress distribution of large practical structure by the contractible physical model, which is important for the welding experiment and the numerical simulation.

Science and technology in high-entropy alloys

As human improve their ability to fabricate materials, alloys have evolved from simple to complex compositions, accordingly improving functions and performances,promoting the advancements of human civilization. In recent years, high-entropy alloys（HEAs） have attracted tremendous attention in various fields. With multiple principal components, they inherently possess unique microstructures and many impressive properties, such as high strength and hardness, excellent corrosion resistance, thermal stability, fatigue,fracture, and irradiation resistance, in terms of which they overwhelm the traditional alloys. All these properties have endowed HEAs with many promising potential applications.An in-depth understanding of the essence of HEAs is important to further developing numerous HEAs with better properties and performance in the future. In this paper, we review the recent development of HEAs, and summarize their preparation methods, composition design, phase formation and microstructures, various properties, and modeling and simulation calculations. In addition, the future trends and prospects of HEAs are put forward.