Electroanalysis and simultaneous determination of dopamine and epinephrine at poly(isonicotinic acid)-modified carbon paste electrode in the presence of ascorbic acid

A carbon paste electrode modified with electropolymerized fills of isonicotinic acid was developed. The modified electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of both dopamine （DA） and epinephrine （EP）. Separation of the reduction peak potentials for dopamine and epinephrine was about 357 mV in pH 5.3 phosphate buffer solution （PBS） and the character was used for the detection DA and EP simultaneously. The peak currents increase linearly with DA and EP concentration over the range of 8.0×10^-5 to 7.0×10^-4 mol/L and 5.0×10^-6 to 1.0×10^-4 mol/L with detection limits of 2×10^-5 and 1×10^-6 mol/L, respectively. The interference studies showed that the modified electrode exhibits excellent selectivity in the presence of large excess of ascorbic acid （AA）.

Simultaneous Determination of Bisphenols and Alkylphenols in Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry

To establish an analytical method for determination of four bisphenols （BPA, BPB, BPF, and BPS） and two alkylphenols （4-n-OP, 4-n-NP） in water by ultra performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC/MS/MS）. The water samples were extracted and condensed with solid-phase extraction （SPE） using C18 cartridges and eluted by acetonitrile. Separation was carried out with Acquity BEH C8 column and detection were performed by UPLC/MS/MS. Quantification was calculated by using the internal standard BPA-d16 and 4-n-NP-d8. The linear correlation coefficients of these compounds in the range of 1.0-100.0μg/L were all over 0.999. The minimum detectable concentrations were 0.75-1.0 ng/L, and the recoveries ranged from 87.0% to 106.9%.

A Novel Sample Introduction Technique for the Simultaneous Determination of As,Se,Ge and Hg in Chinese Medicinal Material

A novel technique of Moveable Reduction Bed Hydride Generator（MRBHG）was applied tohe hydride generation or cold vapor generation of As，Se，Ge，and Hg existing In TraditionalChinese Medicinal Material（TCM）．The simultaneous determination of the multi－elements wasperformed with ICP－MS．A solid reduction system involving the use of potassiumtetraborohydride and tartaric acid was applied to generating metal hydride or cold vaporefficiently．The factors affecting the metal cold vapor generation were studied．The mainadvantage of the technique is that only a 4μL volume of sample was required for the cold vapor

Application and verification of simultaneous determination of cellulose δ^(13)C and δ^(18)O in Picea shrenkiana tree rings from northwestern China using the high-temperature pyrolysis method

Stable isotopes in tree-ring cellulose provide important data in ecological,archaeological,and paleoenvironmental researches,thereby,the demand for stable isotope analyses is increasing rapidly.Simultaneous measurement of cellulose δC and δO values from tree rings would reduce the cost of isotopic commodities and improve the analytical efficiency compared with conventional separate measurement.In this study,we compared the δC and δO values of tree-ringα-cellulose from Tianshan spruce(Picea schrenkiana)in an arid site in the drainage basin of the Urumqi River in Xinjiang of northwestern China based on separate and simultaneous measurements,using the combustion method(at1050°C)and the high-temperature pyrolysis method(at 1350°C and 1400°C).We verified the results of simultaneous measurement using the outputs from separate measurement and found that both methods(separate and simultaneous)produced similar δC values.The two-point calibrated method improved the results(range and variation)of δC and δO values.The mean values,standard deviations,and trends of the tree-ring δC obtained by the combustion method were similar to those by the pyrolysis method followed by two-point calibration.The simultaneously measured δO from the pyrolysis method at 1400°C had a nearly constant offset with that the pyrolysis method at 1350°C due to isotopic-dependence on the reaction temperature.However,they showed similar variations in the time series.The climate responses inferred from simultaneously and separately measured δC and δO did not differ between the two methods.The tree-ring δC and δO values were negatively correlated with standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index from May to August.In addition,the δO was significantly correlated with temperature(positive),precipitation(negative),and relative humidity(negative)from May to August.The tree-ring δC and δO values determined simultaneously through the high-temperature pyrolysis method could produce acceptable and reliable stable isotope series.The simultaneous isotopic measurement can greatly reduce the cost and time requirement compared with the separate isotopic measurement.These results are consistent with the previous studies at humid sites,suggesting that the simultaneous determination of δC and δO in tree-ringα-cellulose can be used in wide regions.

Simultaneous Determination of Gold and Platinum by Double Artificial Neural Network Analysis with Flow-injection Chemiluminescence

A highly sensitive double artificial neural network （DANN） analysis with flow-injection chemiluminescence （FI-CL） has been developed to simultaneously determine the trace amounts of the gold and platinum in simulated mixed samples, without the boring process.

Nitrogen-doped carbon@TiO_(2) double-shelled hollow spheres as an electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of dopamine and paracetamol in human serum and saliva

As the most commonly used antipyretic and analgesic drug,paracetamol(PA)coexists with neurotransmitter dopamine(DA)in real biological samples.Their simultaneous determination is extremely important for human health,but they also interfere with each other.In order to improve the conductivity,adsorption affinity,sensitivity,and selectivity of TiO_(2)-based electrochemical sensor,N-doped carbon@-TiO_(2) double-shelled hollow sphere(HeC/N@TiO_(2))is designed and synthesized by simple alcoholic and hydrothermal method,using polystyrene sphere(PS)as a template.Meanwhile,TiO_(2) hollow spheres(H eTiO_(2))or N-doped carbon hollow spheres(HeC/N)are also prepared by the same method.HeC/N@TiO_(2) has good conductivity,charge separation,and the highly enhanced and stable current responses for the detection of PA and DA.The detection limit and linear range are 50.0 nmol/L and 0.3-50 mmol/L for PA,40.0 nmol/L and 0.3e50 mmol/L for DA,respectively,which are better than those of carbon-based sensors.Moreover,this electrochemical sensor,with high selectivity,strong anti-interference,high reliability,and long time durability,can be used for the simultaneous detection of PA and DA in human blood serum and saliva.The high electrochemical performance of HeC/N@TiO_(2) is attributed to the multifunctional combination of different layers,because of good conductivity,absorption and electrons transfer ability from in-situ N-doped carbon and electrocatalytic activity from TiO_(2).

2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid self-assembled gold electrode for the simultaneous determination of epinephrine and dopamine

Simultaneous determination of epinephrine （EP） and dopamine （DA） at 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid （DMSA） modified electrode was studied. The oxidation peaks of the mixture of EP and DA appeared at the same potential, but the cathodic peak currents were only linear to the concentration of DA, whereas the anodic peak currents were equal to the sum of individual anodic peak currents of EP and DA. Therefore, a novel electrochemical method for the simultaneous determination of EP and DA at a DMSA modified electrode （DMSA/Au electrode） by cyclic voltammetry was established. The DMSA self-assembled electrode showed good sensitivity, selectivity and stability and could be used to determine DA and EP, simultaneously, in the real application with satisfactory results.

Simultaneous determination of borneol and its metabolite in rat plasma by GC-MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study

A gas chromatography mass spectrometry （GC-MS） method has been developed and fully validated for the simultaneous determination of natural borneol （NB） and its metabolite, camphor, in rat plasma. Following a single liquid-liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an HP-5MS capillary column （0.25 mm ？ 30 m ？ 0.25μm） and analyzed by MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. Selected ion monitor （m/z） of borneol, camphor and internal standard was 95, 95 and 128, respectively. Linearity, accuracy, precision and extraction recovery of the analytes were all satisfactory. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of NB after oral administration to Wistar rats.

Investigati on sonsimultaneous determination of silver and mercury in catalytic－ligandsub stitution reaction with stopped－flow technique calibrated by synergistic effect

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Kinetic Investigation of Ce,Y-CPAmA Systems and Simultaneous Determination of Sc,Y,Ce via Complementary Tristimulus Spectrophotometry

In the past ten years the eomplementary tristimulus speetrophotometryll],eTs,has seen its diverse appli-eations{2一61 though most researehes remain in relatively simpe systems,and less work has been involvinkinetie reaetions. An attemPt has been made on the investigation of some comPlieated systems eontainingrare earths and meta一acetylchloroPhosPhonaz

The Simultaneous Determination of Cu Ph Cd and Sb by Derivative Adsorption Chronopotentiometry

The behaviour of the complexes of copper,lead,cadmium and antimony with salicylfluorone (SAF) adsorbed on HMDE has been investigated by derivative chronopotentiometry in NH_3/NH_4C1. The dependence of the peak height on the dt/dE vs E curve on preconcentration time, the pH of solution and the constant reducing current are discussed. This method achieved the simultaneous determination of copper, lead, cadmium and antimony in human hair.

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF EPHEDRINE AND ITS ANALOGUES IN URINE BY CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

A method is developed for the simultaneous determination of ephedrine,pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine and methylephedrine in urine on a capillary column using nitrogen-phosphorus detector.Diphenylamine is used as the internal standard.Calibration graphs are linear down to 1.30ug/ml urine.

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF MULTICOMPONENT IN MIXED ACIDS BY MATHEMATICAL METHOD

A new method for the determination of components in mixed acids has been developed.The mathematical model is obtained from samples of known composition and is then used to predict the concentrations of components in unknown sample.The practical utility of this method is demonstrated for simultaneous determination of two systems of ternary mixed acids and the results are satisfactory.

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF NEODYMIUM AND PRASEODYMIUM BY ZERO-ORDER AND FOURTH-ORDER DFRIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

With derivative spectrophotometric method,the complexes of lanthanides with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophen- ol(5-Br-PADAP)in the presence of octylphenol poly(ethyleneg- lycol)ether(TX-100)were studied.It is found that the maximum absorption of fourth-order derivative spectra of the neodymium complex by 4f electron transitions is at 579(+)nm and 582(-)nm with molar derivative absorptivities of 5.2×10~3 1.mol^(-1).cm^(-1). The maximum absorption of the zero-order derivative spectra of the complexes for neodymium and praseodymium is at 580hm,the molar absorptivities are 1.47×10~5 l.mol^(-1).cm^(-1)for Nd and 1.26 ×10~5 l.mol^(-1).cm^(-1)for Pr.The component ratio of the complex is Nd:5-Br-PADAP=1:4.Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0-3.75μg of Nd and Pr in 25ml of solution.The method has been used for the simultaneous determination of Nd and Pr in four synthetic samples and the results obtained are satisfactory.

REVERSE VARIABLE-ANGLE SYNCHRONOUS SPECTROFLUORIMETRY FOR RAPID SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF CHLOROPHYLL A AND CHLOROPHYLL B

Rapid simultaneous determination of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b by reverse variable-angle synchronous spectrofluorimetry has been studied on a laboratory-constructed microcomputer-controlled versatile spectrofluorimeter.A method in estimation of scan parameters for the determination of two-component system by variable-angle synchronous spectrofluorimetry has been suggested

Simultaneous determination of multi endogenous phytohormones in rice tissues by GC/MS

Although at different content levels, phytohormones including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinns and ahscisic acid distribute widely over rice tissues. It has

Fingerprint analysis of Zhimu-Huangbai herb pair and simultaneous determination of its alkaloids, xanthone glycosides and steroidal saponins by HPLC-DAD-ELSD

AIM: To develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detectors(DAD-ELSD) method for the quantitative determination and fingerprint analysis of ten active constituents in three chemical classes(namely, xanthone glycosides, steroidal saponins, and alkaloids) in Zhimu-Huangbai herb pair(ZB). METHOD: Chromatographic separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm, Dikma) by gradient elution using acetic acid in acetonitrile solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min–1 at 260 nm. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was set to 60 ℃ and nebulizer gas pressure was 4.0 Bar. Method validation was performed to assure its linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, repeatability, stability, and accuracy. RESULTS: The HPLC-DAD-ELSD method allowed the quantification of ten compounds(phellodendrine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, neomangiferin, mangiferin, timosaponin E-I, timosaponin B-II, timosaponin B, and timosaponin A-III), and was successfully applied to fingerprint analysis for ten batches of ZB samples. CONCLUSION: This was the first time to apply the combination of DAD and ELSD for the simultaneous determination of ten active ingredients in ZB. The results showed that the combination of quantitative analysis for marker ingredients and chemical fingerprint for the TCM herb pair provides a potentially powerful, widely introduced, and internationally accepted strategy for assessment of complex TCM formulas.

Simultaneous Determination of Seven Flavonoids in Aerial Parts of Artemisia frigida by HPLC

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of seven flavonoids from the aerial part of Artemisia frigida. Methods Hypersil ODS-2 (300 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column was used, with acetonitril-0.2% phosphoric acid (gradient elution) as a mobile phase, and the detection wavelength was at 283 nm with flow rate at 1 mL/min. Results All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r > 0.9990) within the tested range. All average recovery was more than 98.00% and RSD was less than 3.0% (n = 6). Conclusion The method is steady and with good repeatability, and could be used to determine the content of flavonoids in A. frigida from different areas.

Simultaneous Determination of Saponins in Dripping Pills Made from Astragali Radix and Panax notoginseng by UPLC-ELSD

Objective To develop a simple and fast method for removing polyethylene glycol （PEG） and simultaneous determination of fives saponins, i.e. astragaloside IV, noto- ginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rgl, ginsenoside Rbl, and ginsenoside Rd in dripping pills made from Astragali Radix and Panax notoginseng. Methods The extraction method was based on a liquid-liquid extraction using water-saturated n-butanol and the quantitative determination was based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection （UPLC-ELSD）. The chromatographic analysis was performed on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column （100 mm ~ 2.1 mm, 1.8 IJm） with a gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution within a runtime of 15 min. Results Compared to different methods, the proposed method could remove the interference of PEG in formulation. And the calibration curves showed good linearity during the test ranges. The method was validated for limits of detection and quantification, precision, and reproducibility. The recoveries were within the range of 96.87% - 99.97%. In addition, the verified method was firstly applied to determination of the five active ingredients in Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills （QYDP） simultaneously. Conclusion The contents of five active ingredients are stable and homogeneous in QYDP, which indicates that the method could be readily utilized as a quality evaluation method for this traditional Chinese medicine dripping pills made from AstragaliRadix and Panax notoginseng.

Simultaneous Determination of Six Quaternary Ammonium Alkaloids in Coptidis Rhizoma by UPLC

Objective To establish a new,rapid,and reliable reversed-phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC)method for the simultaneous determination of six quaternary ammonium alkaloids(QAAs)in Coptidis Rhizoma.Methods The effect of different experimental parameters on the analysis of QAAs by RP-UPLC was evaluated.Results Optimal resolution was achieved with an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column using a gradient elution profile and a mobile phase consisting of water spiked with 10 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate(A,pH adjusted to 10.0 by ammonia water)and acetonitrile(B),at a flow rate of 0.30 mL/min and wavelength of 345 nm. The column temperature was set at 30℃.The proposed method was found to be reproducible,precise,and rapid according to the method validation.Conclusion The proposed method,which is compatible with MS analysis and the preparation of QAA,provides some helpful insights into the quality control of Coptidis Rhizoma.