剩余污泥有机质资源回收利用原位驱动晚期垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮——一种具有显著能源优势的创新生物技术

The sustainable recovery and utilization of sludge bioenergy within a circular economy context has drawn increasing attention,but there is currently a shortage of reliable technology.This study presents an innovative biotechnology based on free nitrous acid(FNA)to realize sustainable organics recovery from waste activated sludge(WAS)in-situ,driving efficient nitrogen removal from ammonia rich mature landfill leachate by integrating partial nitrification,fermentation,and denitrification process(PN/DN-F/DN).First,ammonia((1708.5±142.9)mg·L^(-1))in mature landfill leachate is oxidized to nitrite in the aerobic stage of a partial nitrification coupling denitrification(PN/DN)sequencing batch reactor(SBR),with nitrite accumulation ratio of 95.4%±2.5%.Then,intermediate effluent(NO_(2)^(-)-N=(1196.9±184.2)mg·L^(-1))of the PN/DN-SBR,along with concentrated WAS(volatile solids(VSs)=(15119.8±2484.2)mg·L^(-1)),is fed into an anoxic reactor for fermentation coupling denitrification process(F/DN).FNA,the protonated form of nitrite,degrades organics in the WAS to the soluble fraction by the biocidal effect,and the released organics are utilized by denitrifiers to drive NOx-reduction.An ultra-fast sludge reduction rate of 4.89 kg·m^(-3)·d^(-1) and nitrogen removal rate of 0.46 kg·m^(-3)·d^(-1) were realized in the process.Finally,F/DN-SBR effluent containing organics is refluxed to PN/DN-SBR for secondary denitrification in the post anoxic stage.After 175 d operation,an average of 19350.6 mg chemical oxygen demand organics were recovered per operational cycle,with 95.2%nitrogen removal and 53.4%sludge reduction.PN/DN-F/DN is of great significance for promoting a paradigm transformation from energy consumption to energy neutral,specifically,the total benefit in equivalent terms of energy was 291.8 kW·h·t^(-1) total solid.

Application of the thought of "simultaneous treatment of medicine and food" in the treatment of intractable functional constipation

Intractable functional constipation is a type of constipation which is difficult to cure,which is usually characterized by persistent constipation,dependence on laxative and/or ineffective treatment of laxative.In recent years,with the change of diet structure,accelerated pace of life and the influence of socio-psychological factors,the incidence rate has increased year by year,seriously affecting the quality of life of patients.Professor Yao Shukun has remarkable clinical effect and experience in the treatment of intractable functional constipation.Professor Yao believes that,combined with the changes of people's diet structure,life style and physique,the main TCM syndrome type of clinical stubborn functional constipation is dampness-heat and blood stasis,and the main treatment should be clearing heat and resolving dampness,regulating qi and removing blood stasis;and we should pay attention to the application of the idea of"Simultaneous Treatment of Medicine and Food"in the process of diagnosis and treatment,and educate patients to change their diet structure in order to fundamentally dispel the etiology.

Treatment controversies in a rare case of a simultaneous branch retinal artery and vein occlusion secondary to hyperhomocysteinemia and hypertension

Dear Editor,Combined vascular occlusions involving retinal arteries and veins have been reported in the past. Combined occlusion of the central retinal vein （CRVO） and artery （CRAO）is well described;. Cilioretinal artery occlusion along with CRVO is frequently reported and is well characterized;.

Simultaneous transarterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation for large hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a common cancer and a leading cause of tumor-related death.Patients with large HCC(≥8 cm)are at an advanced stage and have poor prognosis,and hepatic resection may not be suitable,and the incidence of postoperative recurrence is high.AIM To evaluate recurrence and mid-term survival of patients with large HCC treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and radiofrequency ablation(RFA).METHODS This was a retrospective study.From 2010 to 2013,46 consecutive patients with large HCC were treated with simultaneous TACE and RFA.Thirty-five of 46 patients had a single tumor.Progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were analyzed at 2 years and 3 years,respectively.RESULTS Forty-six patients treated by simultaneous TACE and RFA had no significant complications and treatment was successful.After 3 years,median PFS and OS were 10.21±1.58 mo and 26.44±2.26 mo,retrospectively.The survival rate was 67.5%after 2 years and 55.67%after 3 years.CONCLUSION These preliminary data show that simultaneous TACE and RFA are safe and effective for large HCC.

Mechanisms of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)in treating diabetic nephropathy complicated with depression based on network pharmacology

Objective To predict the molecular mechanism of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN)complicated with depression based on network pharmacology.Methods The components of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)were identified from the Integrated Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCMIP),Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),and relevant literature.The component targets were detected by combining the SwissTargetPrediction and Pub Chem databases.Disease targets were collected from the Therapeutic Target Database(TTD),Dis Ge NET,and Ensembl databases with“diabetic nephropathy”and“depression”as keywords.The disease-component targets were mapped using Venny 2.1.0 to obtain potential targets.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins(STRING)database and Cytoscape 3.7.2.The co-expression genes of the key targets were collected based on the COXPRESdb 7.3.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis were performed for potential targets using R language.Target-component docking was verified and evaluated using Discovery Studio 4.5.Results According to the databases and literature reports,Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)contained 65 active components,and had 155 related targets for the treatment of DN complicated with depression.PPI screening showed that the key targets included serine/threonine protein kinase 1(AKT1),signal transducer and activator transcription 3(STAT3),interleukin 6(IL-6),mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1),and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA),etc.GO enrichment analysis mainly involved biological processes,such as lipid metabolism,protein secretion regulation,cell homeostasis,and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activity.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis included the role of the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complements,insulin resistance(IR),neurotrophin signal path,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,relaxin signaling pathway,epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs),etc.Molecular docking showed that the target had high affinity for stachyose,manninotriose,verbascose,nigerose,etc.Conclusion Based on network parmacology,this study preliminarily predict the effects of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)in treating DN complicated with depression by regulating inflammation,glucose metabolism,nution nerve,etc.

Ningxin Tongyu Zishen Tang in Treatment of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency:A Retrospective Control Study

Background:Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is a common refractory disease in gynecology,and its etiology and pathogenesis are complex.Psychological stress exerts an impact on women’s physical and mental health,and in turn affects the ovarian reserve function,which is one of the important etiologies and pathogenesis of POI.The compound formula Ningxin Tongyu Zishen Tang(NTZT)is composed of Chinese herbal medicines which can nourish heart and tranquilize mind,tonify kidney and supplement essence.By comparing the menstrual symptoms,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)symptoms and the levels of serum sex hormone before and after treatment,the NTZT is clarified for its curative effect and advantages in patients with POI.Objective:The study aimed to observe the effects of NTZT on menstrual symptoms,TCM symptoms and the levels of serum sex hormone in POI patients.Methods:60 POI patients were divided into two groups,namely observation group and control group,with 30 patients in each group.The patients in both groups were treated by hormone replacement therapy(HRT).The observation and control groups received treatment with NTZT and or Liuwei Dihuang Wan(LDW),respectively.All of the patients were treated for 3 months continuously.The menstrual symptoms,TCM symptoms and the levels of serum sex hormone of the two groups were investigated before and after treatment.Results:It was found that the menstrual symptoms,TCM symptoms and the levels of serum sex hormone improved dramatically after treatment in the observation group(P<0.01).By comparison,the menstrual symptoms and the levels of serum sex hormone improved significantly(P<0.01),but no obvious improvement in TCM symptoms(P>0.05)in the control group was observed.Compared with the control group,the observation group showed significant improvement in TCM symptoms and the levels of serum sex hormone(P<0.01),but no significant difference was observed in the menstrual symptoms(P>0.05).In addition,there was no any adverse events such as gastrointestinal dysfunction and drug allergyobserved in both groups,indicating the safety of the two TCM formulas.Conclusion:The study found that NTZT could restore menstruation and improve the levels of sex hormone in patients with POI.It was also found that NTZT could eliminate the feelings of vexation,insomnia and dream-fulness,as well as tidal fever and sweating,aching pain of loins,and vaginal dryness significantly.It can be proved that NTZT is effective in treating patients with POI owing to its effects of nourishing heart and tranquil-izing mind,tonifying kidney and supplementing essence together,leading to elimination of psychological stress,which further promotes the development of the ovaries.

BRD2 induces drug resistance through activation of the RasGRP1/Ras/ERK signaling pathway in adult T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma

Background:Adult patients with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma(T-LBL)are treated with high-intensity chemotherapy regimens,but the response rate is still unsatisfactory because of frequent drug resistance.We aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of drug resistance in adults with T-LBL.Methods:Gene expression microarray was used to identify differential mRNA expression profiles between chemotherapy-resistant and chemotherapy-sensitive adult T-LBL tissues.Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression of bromodomain-containing protein 2(BRD2)and c-Myc in fresh-frozen T-LBL tissues from 85 adult patients.The Ras pull-down assay was performed to monitor Ras activation.Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to analyze the binding of E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1)/BRD2 to the RAS guanyl releasing protein 1(RasGRP1)promoter region.The drug resistance effect and mechanism of BRD2 were determined by both in vivo and in vitro studies.Results:A total of 86 chemotherapy resistance-related genes in adult T-LBL were identified by gene expression microarray.Among them,BRD2 was upregulated in chemotherapy-resistant adult T-LBL tissues and associated with worse progressionfree survival and overall survival of 85 adult T-LBL patients.Furthermore,BRD2 suppressed doxorubicin(Dox)-induced cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.The activation of RasGRP1/Ras/ERK signaling might contribute to the Dox resistance effect of BRD2.Besides,OTX015,a bromodomain and extra-terminal(BET)inhibitor,reversed the Dox resistance effect of BRD2.Patient-derived tumor xenograft demonstrated that the sequential use of OTX015 after Dox showed superior therapeutic effects.Conclusions:Our data showed that BRD2 promotes drug resistance in adult T-LBL through the RasGRP1/Ras/ERK signaling pathway.Targeting BRD2 may be a novel strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy and prolong survival of adults with TLBL.

Psychosomatic skin disease treated by acupuncture and moxibustion

Based on the theory of "regulating body" integrated with "regulating mind",following the principle of "treating the body and mind simultaneously,treating both symptoms and root causes",Prof.Shao-jun WANG adopts flexibly the different techniques,including body acupuncture,wrist-ankle acupuncture,umbilical acupuncture,fire needling,moxibustion,and cupping,etc.for the treatment of psychosomatic skin diseases.According to the manifestations of skin diseases in different stages,she adopts different acupuncture and moxibustion techniques for the comprehensive treatment of psychosomatic skin diseases,including senile pruritus,alopecia areata,neurodermatitis,eczema,urticaria,and acne,on the basis of syndrome differentiation and different acupoint selections,and achieves good results.

Performance and recent improvement in microbial fuel cells for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal: A review

Microbial fuel cells（MFCs） have become a promising technology for wastewater treatment accompanying electricity generation. Carbon and nitrogen removal can be achieved by utilizing the electron transfer between the anode and cathode in an MFC. However,large-scale power production and high removal efficiency must be achieved at a low cost to make MFCs practical and economically competitive in the future. This article reviews the principles, feasibility and bottlenecks of MFCs for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal, the recent advances and prospective strategies for performance improvement, as well as the involved microbes and electron transfer mechanisms.

Simultaneous denitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal in a full-scale anoxic–oxic process without internal recycle treating low strength wastewater

Performance of a full-scale anoxic-oxic activated sludge treatment plant（4.0×10-5 m-3/day for the first-stage project） was followed during a year.The plant performed well for the removal of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in the process of treating domestic wastewater within a temperature range of 10.8℃ to 30.5℃.Mass balance calculations indicated that COD utilization mainly occurred in the anoxic phase,accounting for 88.2% of total COD removal.Ammonia nitrogen removal occurred 13.71% in the anoxic zones and 78.77% in the aerobic zones.The contribution of anoxic zones to total nitrogen（TN） removal was 57.41%.Results indicated that nitrogen elimination in the oxic tanks was mainly contributed by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification（SND）.The reduction of phosphorus mainly took place in the oxic zones,51.45% of the total removal.Denitrifying phosphorus removal was achieved biologically by 11.29%.Practical experience proved that adaptability to gradually changing temperature of the microbial populations was important to maintain the plant overall stability.Sudden changes in temperature did not cause paralysis of the system just lower removal efficiency,which could be explained by functional redundancy of microorganisms that may compensate the adverse effects of temperature changes to a certain degree.Anoxic-oxic process without internal recycling has great potential to treat low strength wastewater（i.e.,TN 〈 35 mg/L） as well as reducing operation costs.