This paper reports the plasmonic lasing of a split ring filled with gain material in water. The lasing mode（1500 nm）is far from the pump mode（980 nm）, which can depress the detection noise from the pump light. The...This paper reports the plasmonic lasing of a split ring filled with gain material in water. The lasing mode（1500 nm）is far from the pump mode（980 nm）, which can depress the detection noise from the pump light. The laser intensities of the two modes simultaneously increase by more than 10^3 in amplitude, which can intensify the absorption efficiency of the pumping light and enhance the plasmonic lasing. The plasmonic lasing is a sensitive sensor. When a single protein nanoparticle（n = 1.5, r = 1.25 nm） is trapped in the gap of the split ring, the lasing spectrum moves by 0.031 nm, which is much larger than the detection limit of 10^-5 nm. Moreover, the lasing intensity is also very sensitive to the trapped nanoparticle. It reduces to less than 1/600 when a protein nanoparticle（n = 1.5, r = 1.25 nm） is trapped in the gap.展开更多
Deuterium labeling techniques are widely utilized as efficient tools to study the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)of pharmaceuticals.Moreover,deuterium‐labeled drugs are expected to prolong the ...Deuterium labeling techniques are widely utilized as efficient tools to study the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)of pharmaceuticals.Moreover,deuterium‐labeled drugs are expected to prolong the half‐life of drug metabolism,enhance the efficacy of drugs,close metabolic sites,and decrease side effects.Thus,there is a rising demand for the practical construction of deuterium‐labeled drugs and their intermediates under mild conditions.This paper timely provides an overview of the recent advances in both photo‐and electro‐catalytic mild and selective deuteration of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals with low‐cost and sustainable deuterium source.Three types of deuteration strategies are discussed according to the deuteration mode,named deuterium atom transfer strategy,deuterium atom abstraction strategy and deuterated water splitting strategy respectively.The application scope and mechanistic insights are discussed comprehensively.Finally,the perspective on the challenges and future development trends for photo‐and electro‐catalytic deuteration strategies are also presented.展开更多
To discover personalized document structure with the consideration of user preferences,user preferences were captured by limited amount of instance level constraints and given as interested and uninterested key terms....To discover personalized document structure with the consideration of user preferences,user preferences were captured by limited amount of instance level constraints and given as interested and uninterested key terms.Develop a semi-supervised document clustering approach based on the latent Dirichlet allocation(LDA)model,namely,pLDA,guided by the user provided key terms.Propose a generalized Polya urn(GPU) model to integrate the user preferences to the document clustering process.A Gibbs sampler was investigated to infer the document collection structure.Experiments on real datasets were taken to explore the performance of pLDA.The results demonstrate that the pLDA approach is effective.展开更多
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was long considered to be limited to children and adolescents, but it is now known that ADHD symptoms may persist into adulthood. It is plausible that the et...Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was long considered to be limited to children and adolescents, but it is now known that ADHD symptoms may persist into adulthood. It is plausible that the etiology of ADHD is not one-dimensional, but instead involves various neuroanatomical and neurochemical systems, with the causes of the main abnormalities believed to be catecholaminergic. Iodine-123-labeled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) is a physiological analogue of norepinephrine (NE). To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports about the abnormalities of MIBG scintigraphy in patients with ADHD. The cases presented are male adult patients with different comorbid psychiatric disorders. Case presentation: The cases presented are male adult patients with different psychiatric disorders. Case 1 was a 52-year-old male residential construction foreman, who had been diagnosed with acute schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder. 123I-MIBG planar and SPECTs of the studies were performed at 20 min (early phase) and 3 h (late phase) after intravenous injection of 111 MBq. Planar images were processed to determine the heart (H) to mediastinum (M) ratio (H/M). The early and late H/M ratios were 1.22 and 1.07, respectively. Case 2 was a 52-year-old male civil servant who was diagnosed with adjustment disorder. The early and late H/M ratios were 1.98 and 2.08, respectively. Conclusion: Clinical studies make it clear that symptoms of ADHD are more heterogenous and subtle in adults than children. Adult ADHD is significantly commorbid with wide range of other 12-month disorders. MIBG imaging can be useful to diagnose patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders and ADHD. It might be possible to diagnose objectively though the psychiatric statuses resemble or coexist with other psychiatric disorders. Needless to say, further research is important.展开更多
Objective To explore if strand breaks of DNA in human early chorionic villus cells in uterus were induced by diagnostic ultrasound and to evaluate the method used for detection of single-stranded breaks and double-str...Objective To explore if strand breaks of DNA in human early chorionic villus cells in uterus were induced by diagnostic ultrasound and to evaluate the method used for detection of single-stranded breaks and double-stranded breaks in human DNA. Methods 60 normal pregnant women aged 20-30, who underwent artificial abortion during 6-8 weeks of gestation, were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups: All 30 cases were exposed to diagnostic ultrasound in uterus for 10 minutes, and 24 hours later chorionic villi were extracted; the other 30 cases were taken as the control group. Single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA in villus cells in all cases were isolated by the alkaline unwinding combined with hydroxylapatite chromatography, and were quantitatively detected using 32 P-labeled Alu probe for dot-blotting hybridization. Results There was no significant difference in quantity and percentage in single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA between 2 groups (P>0.05). 32 P-Alu probe could only hybridize with human DNA, and could detect DNA isolated from as few as 2.5×10 3 chorionic villus cells and 0.45ng DNA in human leukocytes. Conclusion The results suggested that there were no DNA strand damages in human chorionic villus cells when the uterus was exposed to diagnostic ultrasound for 10 minutes. The method,^(32)P-Alu probe for dot-blotting hybridization, was even more specific, sensitive and accurate than conventional approaches.展开更多
Label assignment refers to determining positive/negative labels foreach sample to supervise the training process. Existing Siamese-based trackersprimarily use fixed label assignment strategies according to human prior...Label assignment refers to determining positive/negative labels foreach sample to supervise the training process. Existing Siamese-based trackersprimarily use fixed label assignment strategies according to human priorknowledge;thus, they can be sensitive to predefined hyperparameters and failto fit the spatial and scale variations of samples. In this study, we first developa novel dynamic label assignment (DLA) module to handle the diverse datadistributions and adaptively distinguish the foreground from the backgroundbased on the statistical characteristics of the target in visual object tracking.The core of DLA module is a two-step selection mechanism. The first stepselects candidate samples according to the Euclidean distance between trainingsamples and ground truth, and the second step selects positive/negativesamples based on the mean and standard deviation of candidate samples.The proposed approach is general-purpose and can be easily integrated intoanchor-based and anchor-free trackers for optimal sample-label matching.According to extensive experimental findings, Siamese-based trackers withDLA modules can refine target locations and outperformbaseline trackers onOTB100, VOT2019, UAV123 and LaSOT. Particularly, DLA-SiamRPN++improves SiamRPN++ by 1% AUC and DLA-SiamCAR improves Siam-CAR by 2.5% AUC on OTB100. Furthermore, hyper-parameters analysisexperiments show that DLA module hardly increases spatio-temporal complexity,the proposed approach maintains the same speed as the originaltracker without additional overhead.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474097,11374099,and 11274116)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics(Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics)China
文摘This paper reports the plasmonic lasing of a split ring filled with gain material in water. The lasing mode（1500 nm）is far from the pump mode（980 nm）, which can depress the detection noise from the pump light. The laser intensities of the two modes simultaneously increase by more than 10^3 in amplitude, which can intensify the absorption efficiency of the pumping light and enhance the plasmonic lasing. The plasmonic lasing is a sensitive sensor. When a single protein nanoparticle（n = 1.5, r = 1.25 nm） is trapped in the gap of the split ring, the lasing spectrum moves by 0.031 nm, which is much larger than the detection limit of 10^-5 nm. Moreover, the lasing intensity is also very sensitive to the trapped nanoparticle. It reduces to less than 1/600 when a protein nanoparticle（n = 1.5, r = 1.25 nm） is trapped in the gap.
文摘Deuterium labeling techniques are widely utilized as efficient tools to study the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)of pharmaceuticals.Moreover,deuterium‐labeled drugs are expected to prolong the half‐life of drug metabolism,enhance the efficacy of drugs,close metabolic sites,and decrease side effects.Thus,there is a rising demand for the practical construction of deuterium‐labeled drugs and their intermediates under mild conditions.This paper timely provides an overview of the recent advances in both photo‐and electro‐catalytic mild and selective deuteration of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals with low‐cost and sustainable deuterium source.Three types of deuteration strategies are discussed according to the deuteration mode,named deuterium atom transfer strategy,deuterium atom abstraction strategy and deuterated water splitting strategy respectively.The application scope and mechanistic insights are discussed comprehensively.Finally,the perspective on the challenges and future development trends for photo‐and electro‐catalytic deuteration strategies are also presented.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.61262006,61462011,61202089)the Major Applied Basic Research Program of Guizhou Province Project,China(No.JZ20142001)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province Project,China(No.LH20147636)the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20125201120006)the Graduate Innovated Foundations of Guizhou University Project,China(No.2015012)
文摘To discover personalized document structure with the consideration of user preferences,user preferences were captured by limited amount of instance level constraints and given as interested and uninterested key terms.Develop a semi-supervised document clustering approach based on the latent Dirichlet allocation(LDA)model,namely,pLDA,guided by the user provided key terms.Propose a generalized Polya urn(GPU) model to integrate the user preferences to the document clustering process.A Gibbs sampler was investigated to infer the document collection structure.Experiments on real datasets were taken to explore the performance of pLDA.The results demonstrate that the pLDA approach is effective.
文摘Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was long considered to be limited to children and adolescents, but it is now known that ADHD symptoms may persist into adulthood. It is plausible that the etiology of ADHD is not one-dimensional, but instead involves various neuroanatomical and neurochemical systems, with the causes of the main abnormalities believed to be catecholaminergic. Iodine-123-labeled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) is a physiological analogue of norepinephrine (NE). To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports about the abnormalities of MIBG scintigraphy in patients with ADHD. The cases presented are male adult patients with different comorbid psychiatric disorders. Case presentation: The cases presented are male adult patients with different psychiatric disorders. Case 1 was a 52-year-old male residential construction foreman, who had been diagnosed with acute schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder. 123I-MIBG planar and SPECTs of the studies were performed at 20 min (early phase) and 3 h (late phase) after intravenous injection of 111 MBq. Planar images were processed to determine the heart (H) to mediastinum (M) ratio (H/M). The early and late H/M ratios were 1.22 and 1.07, respectively. Case 2 was a 52-year-old male civil servant who was diagnosed with adjustment disorder. The early and late H/M ratios were 1.98 and 2.08, respectively. Conclusion: Clinical studies make it clear that symptoms of ADHD are more heterogenous and subtle in adults than children. Adult ADHD is significantly commorbid with wide range of other 12-month disorders. MIBG imaging can be useful to diagnose patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders and ADHD. It might be possible to diagnose objectively though the psychiatric statuses resemble or coexist with other psychiatric disorders. Needless to say, further research is important.
文摘Objective To explore if strand breaks of DNA in human early chorionic villus cells in uterus were induced by diagnostic ultrasound and to evaluate the method used for detection of single-stranded breaks and double-stranded breaks in human DNA. Methods 60 normal pregnant women aged 20-30, who underwent artificial abortion during 6-8 weeks of gestation, were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups: All 30 cases were exposed to diagnostic ultrasound in uterus for 10 minutes, and 24 hours later chorionic villi were extracted; the other 30 cases were taken as the control group. Single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA in villus cells in all cases were isolated by the alkaline unwinding combined with hydroxylapatite chromatography, and were quantitatively detected using 32 P-labeled Alu probe for dot-blotting hybridization. Results There was no significant difference in quantity and percentage in single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA between 2 groups (P>0.05). 32 P-Alu probe could only hybridize with human DNA, and could detect DNA isolated from as few as 2.5×10 3 chorionic villus cells and 0.45ng DNA in human leukocytes. Conclusion The results suggested that there were no DNA strand damages in human chorionic villus cells when the uterus was exposed to diagnostic ultrasound for 10 minutes. The method,^(32)P-Alu probe for dot-blotting hybridization, was even more specific, sensitive and accurate than conventional approaches.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52127809,author Z.W,http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/No.51625501,author Z.W,http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/)is greatly appreciated.
文摘Label assignment refers to determining positive/negative labels foreach sample to supervise the training process. Existing Siamese-based trackersprimarily use fixed label assignment strategies according to human priorknowledge;thus, they can be sensitive to predefined hyperparameters and failto fit the spatial and scale variations of samples. In this study, we first developa novel dynamic label assignment (DLA) module to handle the diverse datadistributions and adaptively distinguish the foreground from the backgroundbased on the statistical characteristics of the target in visual object tracking.The core of DLA module is a two-step selection mechanism. The first stepselects candidate samples according to the Euclidean distance between trainingsamples and ground truth, and the second step selects positive/negativesamples based on the mean and standard deviation of candidate samples.The proposed approach is general-purpose and can be easily integrated intoanchor-based and anchor-free trackers for optimal sample-label matching.According to extensive experimental findings, Siamese-based trackers withDLA modules can refine target locations and outperformbaseline trackers onOTB100, VOT2019, UAV123 and LaSOT. Particularly, DLA-SiamRPN++improves SiamRPN++ by 1% AUC and DLA-SiamCAR improves Siam-CAR by 2.5% AUC on OTB100. Furthermore, hyper-parameters analysisexperiments show that DLA module hardly increases spatio-temporal complexity,the proposed approach maintains the same speed as the originaltracker without additional overhead.
