Solving the atmospheric scattering optical transfer function using the multi-coupled single scattering method

The atmospheric scattering optical transfer function （OTF） is solved by applying the multi-coupled single scattering （MCSS） method to the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation （RTE） under the periodic ground condition. This approach is a direct hit to the atmospheric scattering OTF using the same original context of modulation transfer function （MTF） measurement, i.e., images of sinusoidal grating at different spatial frequencies. Both the amplitude and phase shift of the OTF at various zenith and azimuth angles can be obtained at an arbitrary spatial frequency.

Measurement of remanent magnetic moment using a torsion pendulum with single frequency modulation method

In Tian Qin spaceborne gravitational-wave detectors, the stringent requirements on the magnetic cleanliness of the test masses demand the high resolution ground-based characterization measurement of their magnetic properties. Here we present a single frequency modulation method based on a torsion pendulum to measure the remanent magnetic moment mr of 1.1 kg dummy copper test mass, and the measurement result is(6.45 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.07(syst)) × 10^(-8)A · m^(2). The measurement precision of the mr is about 0.9 n A · m^(2), well below the present measurement requirement of Tian Qin. The method is particularly useful for measuring extremely low magnetic properties of the materials for use in the construction of space-borne gravitational wave detection and other precision scientific apparatus.

Multi-coupled single scattering method of solving vector radiative transfer equations

A new method of multi-coupled single scattering （MCSS） for solving a vector radiative transfer equation is de- veloped and made public on Internet. Recent solutions from Chandrasekhar＇s X-Y method is used to validate the MCSS＇s result, which shows high precision. The MCSS method is theoretically simple and clear, so it can be easily and credibly extended to the simulation of aerosol/cloud atmosphere＇s radiative properties, which provides effective support for research into polarized remote sensing.

A Single Image Derain Method Based on Residue Channel Decomposition in Edge Computing

The numerous photos captured by low-price Internet of Things(IoT)sensors are frequently affected by meteorological factors,especially rainfall.It causes varying sizes of white streaks on the image,destroying the image texture and ruining the performance of the outdoor computer vision system.Existing methods utilise training with pairs of images,which is difficult to cover all scenes and leads to domain gaps.In addition,the network structures adopt deep learning to map rain images to rain-free images,failing to use prior knowledge effectively.To solve these problems,we introduce a single image derain model in edge computing that combines prior knowledge of rain patterns with the learning capability of the neural network.Specifically,the algorithm first uses Residue Channel Prior to filter out the rainfall textural features then it uses the Feature Fusion Module to fuse the original image with the background feature information.This results in a pre-processed image which is fed into Half Instance Net(HINet)to recover a high-quality rain-free image with a clear and accurate structure,and the model does not rely on any rainfall assumptions.Experimental results on synthetic and real-world datasets show that the average peak signal-to-noise ratio of the model decreases by 0.37 dB on the synthetic dataset and increases by 0.43 dB on the real-world dataset,demonstrating that a combined model reduces the gap between synthetic data and natural rain scenes,improves the generalization ability of the derain network,and alleviates the overfitting problem.

A Simple Deposition Method for Self-Assembling Single Crystalline Hybrid Perovskite Nanostructures

A sequential deposition method is developed, where the hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite （CH3NH3Pb （I1-xBrx）3 ） is synthesized using precursor solutions containing CH3NH3I and PbBr2 with different mole ratios and reaction times. The perovskite achieved here is quite stable in the atmosphere for a relatively long time without noticeable degradation, and the perovskite nanowires are proved to be single crystalline structure, based on transmission electron microscopy.Furthermore, strong red photoluminescence from perovskite is observed in the wavelength range from 746nm to 770nm with the increase of the reaction time, on account of the exchanges between I- ions and Br- ions in the perovskite crystal. Lastly, the influences of concentration and reaction time of the precursor solutions are discussed, which are important for evolution of hybrid perovskite from nanocuboid to nanowire and nanosheet.

Study on V_P/ V_S Variation Behavior in the Shanxi Region by the Wadati Single Station and Multi-earthquake Method

Based on arrival time data of seismic phases of ML≥2. 0 earthquakes measured at Shanxi Digital Seismic Network for the period from January 2001 to October 2014,V_P/ V_S in the Shanxi region is calculated using the Wadati single station and multi-earthquake method,and an investigation is conducted into the variation behavior of V_P/ V_S in the Shanxi region before and after the three earthquakes of MS≥4. 5 in 2010. Our study finds that abnormal V_P/ V_S appeared earlier at distant stations before all of the three earthquakes,which is at the time range from 6 months to 1 year before the earthquakes,and later at near stations,at the time range 10 days to 2 months before earthquakes. Therefore,it s possible to narrow down the scope of the location in earthquake prediction from the distant and near station data. The calculations of Dongshan seismic station indicate that the size of the residual of the origin time has impact on the detail of V_P/ V_S variation,thus,appropriate thresholds should firstly be set for the residuals of origin time at each seismic station in practical application,to ensure scientific and steady V_P/ V_S calculations.

A modified single edge V-notched beam method for evaluating surface fracture toughness of thermal barrier coatings

The surface fracture toughness is an important mechanical parameter for studying the failure behavior of air plasma sprayed(APS)thermal barrier coatings(TBCs).As APS TBCs are typical multilayer porous ceramic materials,the direct applications of the traditional single edge notched beam(SENB)method that ignores those typical structural characters may cause errors.To measure the surface fracture toughness more accurately,the effects of multilayer and porous characters on the fracture toughness of APS TBCs should be considered.In this paper,a modified single edge V-notched beam(MSEVNB)method with typical structural characters is developed.According to the finite element analysis(FEA),the geometry factor of the multilayer structure is recalculated.Owing to the narrower V-notches,a more accurate critical fracture stress is obtained.Based on the Griffith energy balance,the reduction of the crack surface caused by micro-defects is corrected.The MSEVNB method can measure the surface fracture toughness more accurately than the SENB method.

A Reproducible Approach of Preparing High-Quality Overdoped Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ) Single Crystals by Oxygen Annealing and Quenching Method

We report a reproducible approach in preparing high-quality overdoped Bi2 Sr2 CaCu2 08＋δ （Bi2212） single crystals by annealing Bi2212 crystals in high oxygen pressure followed by a fast quenching. In this way, high-quality overdoped and heavily overdoped Bi2212 single crystals are obtained by controlling the annealing oxygen pressure. We find that, beyond a limit of oxygen pressure that can achieve most heavily overdoped Bi2212 with a Tc N63 K, the annealed Bi2212 begins to decompose. This accounts for the existence of the hole-doping limit and thus the Tc limit in the heavily overdoped region of Bi2212 by the oxygen annealing process. These results provide a reliable way in preparing high-quality overdoped and heavily overdoped Bi2212 crystals that are important for studies of the physical properties, electronic structure and superconductivity mechanism of the cuprate superconductors.

EFFICIENT METHOD FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION BY CONSIDERING UNCERTAINTY

A new reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization （RBMDO） framework is proposed by combining the single-loop-based reliability analysis （SLBRA） method with multidisciplinary feasible （MDF） method. The Kriging approximate model with updating is introduced to reduce the computational cost of MDF caused by the complex structure. The computational efficiency is remarkably improved as the lack of iterative process during reliability analysis. Special attention is paid to a turbine blade design optimization by adopting the proposed method. Results show that the method is much more efficient than the commonly used double-loop based RBMDO method. It is feasible and efficient to apply the method to the engineering design.

Synthesis methods of functionalized nanoparticles:a review

With the recent advancement in nanotechnology,nanoparticles(NPs)offer an ample variety of smart functions than conventional materials in various aspects.As compared to larger particles,NPs possess unique characteristics and excellent abilities,such as low toxicity,chemical stability,surface functionality,and biocompatibility.These advantageous properties allow them to be widely utilized in many applications,including biomedical applications,energy applications,IT applications,and industrial applications.In order to fulfill the increasing demands of NP applications,existing NP synthesis methods need to be improved based on the requirements of different applications to further their usage.A comprehensive understanding of the relationships between synthesis parameters and properties of NPs can help us better fine-tune them with designed properties and minimal toxicity.This review paper will discuss the commonly used synthesis methods of functionalized NPs,as well as future directions and challenges to develop various synthesis methods further.

Iterative Methods for Parametric Linear Systems with Linear Functions

This paper mainly proposes a new C-XSC （C- for eXtended Scientific Computing） software for the symmetric single step method and relaxation method for computing an enclosure for the solution set and compares the methods with others＇ and then makes some modifications and finally, examples illustrating the applicability of the proposed methods are given.

Spatial Analysis on Content Distribution of Soil Heavy Metals Copper (Cu) and Cadmium (Cd) in Duanzhou District of Zhaoqing City

This paper used atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the content distribution of Cu and Cd in the soil of Duanzhou District,Zhaoqing City.The single factor index method,Nemerow comprehensive index method,pollution load index method,geoaccumulation index method,and potential ecological hazard index method were used to analyze the content and pollution status of Cu and Cd in the soil of Duanzhou District,providing a basis for understanding the pollution status of Cu and Cd in the soil of Zhaoqing City.

Evaluation, prediction, and protection of water quality in Danjiangkou Reservoir, China

The water quality in the Danjiangkou Reservoir has attracted considerable attention from the Chinese public and government since the announcement of the Middle Route of the South to North Water Diversion Project （SNWDP）, which commenced transferring water in 2014. Integrated research on the evaluation, prediction, and protection of water quality in the Danjiangkou Reservoir was carried out in this study in order to improve environmental management. Based on 120 water samples, wherein 17 water quality indices were measured at 20 monitoring sites, a single factor evaluation method was used to evaluate the current status of water quality. The results show that the main indices influencing the water quality in the Danjiangkou Reservoir are total phosphorus （TP）, permanganate index （CODM,）, dissolved oxygen （DO）, and five-day biochemical oxygen demand （BODs）, and the concentrations of TP, BODs, ammonia nitrogen （NH3--N）, CODM,, DO, and anionic surfactant （Surfa） do not reach the specified standard levels in the tributaries. Seasonal Mann--Kendall tests indicated that the CODMn concentration shows a highly significant increasing trend, and the TP concentration shows a significant increasing trend in the Danjiangkou Reservoir. The distribution of the main water quality indices in the Danjiangkou Reservoir was predicted using a two-dimensional water quality numerical model, and showed that the sphere of influence from the tributaries can spread across half of the Han Reservoir if the pollutants are not controlled. Cluster analysis （CA） results suggest that the Shending River is heavily polluted, that the Jianghe, Sihe, and Jianhe rivers are moderately polluted, and that they should be the focus of environmental remediation.

Crystal characterization and optical spectroscopy of Eu^(3+)-doped CaGdAlO_4 single crystal fabricated by the floating zone method

A highly transparent Eu3＋-doped CaGdA104 （CGA） single crystal is grown by the floating zone method. The segregation coefficient, x ray diffraction, and x ray rocking curve are detected, and the results reveal that the single crystal is of high quality. The f-f transitions of Eu3＋ in the host lattice are discussed. The 5D0-7F2 emis- sion transition at 621 nm （red light） is dominant over the 5D0-7F1 emission transitions at 591 and 599 nm （orange light）, agreeing well with the random crystal environment of Eu3＋ ions in a CGA crystal. The decay time of Eu：5D0 is measured to be 1.02 ms. All the results show that the Eu：CGA crystal has good optical char- acterization and promises to be an excellent red- fluorescence material.

Single Alternating Group Explicit (SAGE) Method for Electrochemical Finite Difference Digital Simulation

The four different schemes of Group Explicit Method (GEM): GER, GEL, SAGE andDAGE have been claimed to be unstable when employed for electrochemical digital simulations withlarge model diffusion coefficient D_M. However, in this investigation, in spite of the conditionalstability of GER and GEL, the SAGE scheme, which is a combination of GEL and GER, was found to beunconditionally stable when used for simulations of electrochemical reaction-diffusions and had aperformance comparable with or even better than the Fast Quasi Explicit Finite Difference Method(FQEFD) in some aspects. Corresponding differential equations of SAGE scheme for digital simulationsof various electrochemical mechanisms with both uniform and exponentially expanded space units wereestablished. The effectiveness of the SAGE method was further demonstrated by the simulations of anEC and a catalytic mechanism with very large homogeneous rate constants.

Water Quality Assessment of Dachangshan ArtificialHabitat Development Demonstration Area

[Objective] The paper was to evaluate the water quality environment in Dachangshan artificial habitat development demonstration area.[Method] From 2013 to 2015, an environmental survey was conducted for eight voyages in Dachangshan artificial habitat development demonstration area of Changhai County, Dalian City, and 20 hydrochemical indexes including salinity, pH, and COD were monitored. The water quality of thesea area was analyzed by principal component analysis and single factor index method. [Result] Except for that the control area of the August 2014voyage belonged to IIclass sea water standard, the water quality in other stations of all voyages conformed toIclass sea water standard. Totally 20water quality indicators were synthesized into six principal components using principal component analysis, which explained 79.165% of the results;the principal component score was ranged from -1.536 to 3.706; the score in August 2014 was the highest, and the evaluation results were basicallyconsistent with the results of single factor index analysis. [Conclusion] The overall water quality is good in Dachangshan artificial habitat development demonstration area.

Determination of Harmful Elements and Analysis of Pollution Level in Lysimachia christinae

[Objectives]To detect content of Pb,Cd,Hg,As,Cu,Zn,and Cr in Lysimachia christinae,and to analyze the pollution level.[Methods]Seven kinds of elements in L.christinae were determined by Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and analyzed by single index and comprehensive index.[Results]The seven heavy metal elements showed good linearity in their respective concentration ranges.The recoveries of the samples were 84.5%-109.5%,and the RSD values were 2.30%-5.10%.Comparing the measured results of heavy metal elements with the limit values stipulated in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other standards,the Cr element in 19 batches of samples exceeded the standard,and the Zn element in 7 batches of samples exceeded the standard.The exceeding rates were 100.0%and 36.8%,respectively;the content of other heavy metal elements did not exceed the standard.The order of individual index from large to small was Cr,Zn,Cd,Hg,Cu,As,and Pb,and the average comprehensive pollution level was mild pollution and above.[Conclusions]L.christinae was mainly polluted by Cr,followed by Zn;this study can provide basic data for drafting of the limit standard for heavy metal elements in L.christinae.

Single Molecule Imaging in Living Cell with Optical Method

Significance, difficult, international developing actuality and our completed works for single molecules imaging in living cell with optical method are described respectively. Additionally we give out some suggestions for the technology development further.

An ab initio investigation of the low-lying electronic states of BeH

Potential energy curves （PECs） for the ground state （X2∑＋） and the four excited electronic states （A2∏, B2∏, C2∑＋, 4∏） of a Bell molecule are calculated using the multi-configuration reference single and double excited configuration interaction （MRCI） approach in combination with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. The calculation covers the internuclear distance ranging from 0.07 nm to 0.70 nm, and the equilibrium bond length Re and the vertical excited energy Te are determined directly. It is evident that the X2∑＋, A2∏, B2∏, C2∑＋ states are bound and 4∏ is a repulsive excited state. With the potentials, all of the vibrational levels and inertial rotation constants are predicted when the rotational quantum number J is set to be equal to zero （J = 0） by numerically solving the radial SchrSdinger equation of nuclear motion. Then the spectroscopic data are obtained including the rotation coupling constant w e, the anharmonic constant WeXe, the equilibrium rotation constant Be, and the vibration-rotation coupling constant ae. These values are compared with the theoretical and experimental results currently available, showing that they are in agreement with each other.

A Preliminary of Dynamic Stability Analysis

On account of the traditional method in hybrid stability analysis being too rough, a new method of taking dual or single mode was put forward for 4 typical levers in the hybrid stability analysis respectively and transited to the dynamic analysis smoothly. After verifying the superiority of the method through examples, the broad application prospect would be given in the end.