Photo-responsive Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Laponite Hydrogel as a Potential Spinal Cord Injury Scaffold:Characterization and Cytocompatibility Study

We synthesized photo-responsive carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC-MA)via free radical polymerization and utilized nanoclay laponite(LAP)as an inorganic crosslinking agent to develop an injectable and 3D-printable CMC-MA/LAP hydrogel.We determined the optimal ratio of 2.5 w/v%CMC-MA/7.5 w/v%LAP based on injection molding,compression modulus,swelling properties,rheological properties,and 3D printing properties of the hydrogel system.In-vitro cytocompatibility experiments showed that both CMC-MA and CMC-MA/LAP hydrogel had no inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and can promote cell growth when cultured on the surface of the hydrogel matrix.Moreover,the hydrogel containing LAP particles significantly facilitated cell adhesion(>60%)compared with the hydrogel without LAP(20%).Our findings demonstrate that the CMC-MA/LAP hydrogel has great potential for tissue repair in neural tissue engineering.

Strengthening strategy for high-performance friction stir lap welded joints based on 5083 Al alloy

During aircraft,ship,and automobile manufacturing,lap structures are frequently produced among Al alloy skins,wall panels,and stiffeners.The occurrence of welding defects severely decreases mechanical properties during friction stir lap welding(FSLW).This study focuses on investigating the effects of rotation rate,multipass welding,and cooling methods on lap defect formation,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties.Hook defects were eliminated by decreasing welding speed,applying two-pass FLSW with a small welding tool,and introducing additional water cooling,thus leading to a remarkable increase in effective sheet thickness and lap width.This above strategy yielded defect-free joints with an ultrafine-grained microstructure and increased tensile shear force from 298 to 551 N/mm.The fracture behavior of FSLW joints was systematically studied,and a fracture factor of lap joints was proposed to predict their fracture mode.By reducing the rotation rate,using two-pass welding,and employing additional water cooling strategies,an enlarged,strengthened,and defect-free lap zone with refined ultrafine grains was achieved with a quality comparable to that of lap welds based on 7xxx Al alloys.Importantly,this study provides a valuable FSLW method for eliminating hook defects and improving joint performance.

Bulging Distortion of Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet on the Partially Penetrated Side of Non-Penetration Lap Laser Welding Joint

Non-penetration laser welding of lap joints in austenitic stainless steel sheets is commonly preferred in fields where the surface quality is of utmost importance.However,the application of non-penetration welded austenitic stainless steel parts is limited owing to the micro bulging distortion that occurs on the back surface of the partial penetration side.In this paper,non-penetration lap laser welding experiments,were conducted on galvanized and SUS304 austenitic stainless steel plates using a fiber laser,to investigate the mechanism of bulging distortion.A comparative experiment of DC01 galvanized steel-Q235 carbon steel lap laser welding was carried out,and the deflection and distortion profile of partially penetrated side of the sheets were measured using a noncontact laser interferometer.In addition,the cold-rolled SUS304 was subjected to heat holding at different temperatures and water quenching after bending to characterize its microstructure under tensile and compressive stress.The results show that,during the heating stage of the thermal cycle of laser lap welding,the partial penetration side of the SUS304 steel sheet generates compressive stress,which extrudes the material in the heat-affected zone to the outside of the back of the SUS304 steel sheet,thereby forming a bulge.The findings of these experiments can be of great value for controlling the distortion of the partial penetrated side of austenitic stainless steel sheet during laser non-penetration lap welding.

Effect of Hygrothermal Cycle Aging on the Mechanical Behavior of Single-lap Adhesive Bonded Joints

The aging behavior of single lap joints(SLJ) in hygrothermal cycles was investigated and compared by using a shearing strength test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis(TG/DTG), energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) and scanning electronic microscopy(SEM). The temperature/relative humidity was set at 80 ℃/95% and –40 ℃/30% for 20 cycles, 40 cycles, and 60 cycles(one cycle was 12 hours), respectively. The experimental results show that hygrothermal aging significantly decreases the failure strength of adhesive joints. However, the failure displacement increases as the number of aging cycles increases. In addition, hygrothermal aging changes the failure mode of the adhesive joints from a cohesive fracture in un-aged adhesive layers to an interfacial failure of aged adhesive joints.

Stress-Induced Deformation of Thin Copper Substrate in Double-Sided Lapping

Double-sided lapping is an precision machining method capable of obtaining high-precision surface.However,during the lapping process of thin pure copper substrate,the workpiece will be warped due to the influence of residual stress,including the machining stress and initial residual stress,which will deteriorate the flatness of the workpiece and ultimately affect the performance of components.In this study,finite element method(FEM)was adopted to study the effect of residual stress-related on the deformation of pure copper substrate during double-sided lapping.Considering the initial residual stress of the workpiece,the stress caused by the lapping and their distribution characteristics,a prediction model was proposed for simulating workpiece machining deformation in lapping process by measuring the material removal rate of the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece under the corresponding parameters.The results showed that the primary cause of the warping deformation of the workpiece in the doublesided lapping is the redistribution of initial residual stress caused by uneven material removal on the both surfaces.The finite element simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results.

Comprehensive study of microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 5182-O/HC260YD+Z lap joint

The welding of aluminum(Al)and steel has attracted more and more interest due to the weight reduction trend in vehicle and aerospace manufacturing industries.5182-O/HC260YD+Z lap joint was produced by friction stir welding(FSW),and the microstructure and mechanical property of the joint were systemically characterized.The microstructure in horizontal direction of the Al and steel near interface was similar to their corresponding conventional friction stir welded joint.The joint was divided into stir zone of Al(ST-Al),stir zone of interface(ST-I),thermal-mechanically affected zone of steel(TMAZ-Fe)and base material of steel(BM-Fe)according to their distinct microstructure vertically.Three kinds of intermetallic compounds(IMCs)of FeAl_(3),FeAl and Fe_(3)Al were formed at the interface.The horizontal micro hardness distribution exhibited a hat shape and“M”shape in Al and steel,respectively.The hardest region of the joint was located at the ST-I,with a hardness of 175 HV−210 HV.The joint was fractured along the hook structure,with an average shear strength of 73.9 MPa.Fractural morphology of Al and steel indicted a cleavage fracture mode.

基于LAPS资料的一次江西连续性暴雨过程分析

利用LAPS资料,结合地面和高空常规观测资料、雷达资料,从环流背景、影响系统、物理量场等方面对2013年6月27—29日连续性暴雨过程进行分析,得出结论:(1)LAPS输出的产品时效性好,分辨率高,产品多样化,更好地丰富了对天气过程分析的方法,对中尺度天气具有非常明确的解释能力,有利于从更深层次分析天气发生的成因;(2)高纬有阻高建立,低纬度地区受南亚高压控制,系统稳定少动,中纬度地区不断有短波槽东移,引导冷空气南下,副高西北侧强盛的西南气流将暖湿空气源源不断地输入江西中北部,在此形成冷暖交汇,稳定的形势有利于形成连续性暴雨天气;(3)副高西北侧的强西南急流中,风向风速在江西中北部辐合,为强降水提供了抬升条件,并且急流的脉动与降水强度的变化有着密切关系,强降水往往出现在凌晨前后,下午至晚上逐渐减弱。

高位定向钻孔抽采瓦斯搭接部位研究与应用

相邻钻场高位定向钻孔合理搭接是保证抽采瓦斯效果稳定、提高钻孔有效利用率的重要环节。根据顶板裂隙带高位定向钻孔抽采瓦斯机理研究结果,通过分析布置高位定向钻孔空间层位、煤层顶板裂隙带分布特征、钻孔轨迹等抽采效果影响因素,确定了实现成功接替的钻孔合理搭接部位,并在党家河煤矿进行了工程应用。应用显示:80~121 m钻孔搭接长度能够满足瓦斯抽采效果,在搭接部位外端点接替使每个钻孔减少钻孔工程量约40 m。

新型搭接连接钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

为满足混凝土结构钢筋部品高效高精度装配化施工需求,针对钢筋传统绑扎连接方式存在的局限性,提出适应性强的钢筋新型搭接方式。为验证该搭接方式受力可靠性,以搭接方式、搭接长度及接触与否为变量,设计制作了5组共15个试件。通过典型四点抗弯试验,研究了各试件的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线及搭接区域钢筋应变变化规律等。试验结果表明,钢筋搭接方式对破坏形态有着较为明显的影响,弯曲裂缝集中出现在截面配筋突变处;在附加搭接钢筋取为两倍搭接长度条件下,所提出的齐头绑扎搭接方式能有效传力;钢筋间接搭接与否对试件承载力、裂缝发展及弯曲破坏形态没有明显影响。

套筒灌浆搭接及对接接头高应力反复拉压试验

为比较套筒灌浆搭接及对接接头间力学性能差异,进行了41个搭接接头和20个对接接头的单拉及高应力反复拉压试验。结果表明:单拉及高应力反复拉压时,两种接头均能实现最大力下总伸长率大于6%、延性系数大于4,强度基本满足规范要求;高应力反复拉压后单拉时,两种接头承载力均有所提高,但接头初始刚度和延性下降;防偏转措施可减少搭接接头残余变形,但其约束刚度有限,搭接接头残余变形略大于对接接头,防偏转搭接接头及对接接头残余变形基本满足规范要求;高应力反复拉压后单拉时,搭接接头套筒中部截面在加载前期纵向受拉、环向受压,加载后期纵向受压、环向受拉,对接接头套筒加载过程中均为纵向受拉、环向受压;高应力反复拉压结束后单拉时,防偏转、不防偏转搭接接头套筒中部截面近钢筋侧最大纵向拉应变分别为对接接头的0.10~0.39倍、0.13~0.18倍,最大环向压应变分别为对接接头的0.09~0.49倍、0.02~0.32倍,搭接接头对套筒材性要求较低;钢筋直径相同时搭接接头材料成本较对接接头降低约35%。

铆接夹层间隙对单搭接铆接头振动疲劳性能的影响研究

为了考虑装配间隙对单搭接结构振动疲劳性能的影响,利用ABAQUS软件建立了飞机发动机进气道局部结构金属铆接头的弹塑性有限元模型,采用Johnson-Cook失效模型模拟铆钉与被连接件的渐进失效行为,得到了不同装配间隙量的铆接头应力场分布与振动疲劳寿命。对单搭接铆接头进行振动疲劳试验,试验结果与仿真结果在疲劳寿命方面吻合较好,验证了数值模型的准确性。与无间隙模型相比,含间隙铆接试件各铆钉疲劳寿命降低了4.7%~18.0%,间隙的存在也导致了压铆过程中相邻铆钉间的挤压载荷传递,整体表现为铆钉与被连接板接触界面应力激增,导致有间隙铆接头残余应力场与无间隙铆接头残余应力场之间的差异,从而影响铆接头的振动疲劳性能。

CFRP层合板单搭胶接接头胶板界面剥离强度仿真分析

基于异材界面奇异应力场理论,以CFRP层合板单搭胶接结构为对象,通过有限元和实验的方法分析了结构承载时板胶结合界面上出现的应力分布,锁定界面剥离强度关键区域,通过网格无关的有限元应力比值法提升仿真求解精度,最大限度还原板胶界面应力分布,着重探讨了多层各向异性CFRP板与传统均质材料在仿真过程和结果的差异,及搭接长度、胶层厚度、结构胶参数等对板胶界面应力分布及起裂点位置的影响,为板胶界面剥离应力的优化、胶接工艺的改进和单搭胶接接头强度的提升提供理论支撑。结果表明:各层参数不同的CFRP板胶界面承载时,剥离应力的最大处需由三个维度共同约束,其中两个维度的约束结果与均质材料相同,极值位于板胶界面垂直于拉伸方向的边缘,实际结构中失效的起始亦常见于此处,第三维度受层合板多层异性影响,该边缘上应力最大的点既不位于该边缘的中点也不位于界面角部,具体位置由材料参数和胶接结构共同影响。

氯盐干湿循环作用下表面开槽CFRP-混凝土界面抗剪性能试验

为探究氯盐干湿循环作用下表面开槽CFRP-混凝土界面抗剪性能,开展干湿循环(0 d、60 d和120 d)不同沟槽形状(矩形、正梯形和倒梯形)的单搭接拉伸剪切试验,研究失效模式和断裂能的变化及影响最大剪应力的因素,结合试验结果推导了考虑干湿循环的界面黏结滑移本构方程,并通过数值模拟验证其有效性。结果表明:随干湿循环进行,表面开槽法失效模式由CFRP断裂破坏转变为剥离破坏;120 d界面断裂能下降量较未开槽法减少60.04%~69.42%;正梯形组120 d最大剪应力相比其他表面开槽形状提升7.18%~9.48%。表面开槽法在氯盐干湿循环作用下具有较好的抗剪性能,建立的界面本构劣化方程适用于氯盐干湿循环作用下表面开槽CFRP-混凝土界面黏结性能的分析和模拟。

后插入钢筋位置等对Ⅱ型APC接头拉伸性能影响

为探究后插入钢筋位置等对Ⅱ型套筒灌浆搭接接头(简称APC接头)受力性能的影响,对36个接头进行单向拉伸试验,分析试件破坏形式、极限承载力、延性与套筒应变等,并利用ABAQUS进行数值模拟。结果表明:防偏转措施有效提高试件的极限承载力和初始刚度;接头承载力和延性主要受3种因素影响,即钢筋间距、后插入钢筋偏心程度及是否紧贴套筒布置;后插入钢筋布置于套筒中部,钢筋间距大,套筒长边约束弱,接头承载力和延性降低;后插入钢筋偏心布置,易产生弯曲变形,接头承载力和延性降低;后插入钢筋紧贴套筒布置易产生灌浆缺陷,接头承载力和延性降低;两钢筋紧贴对称布置于长轴时,接头承载力和延性最大;极限荷载时,套筒短边侧纵向应变为拉应变,但存在受压趋势,套筒长边侧纵向应变为压应变;套筒长边侧环向应变绝对值基本大于短边侧,小于套筒屈服应变。模拟试件的破坏形态、极限承载力等与试验结果吻合较好,验证了模型的可靠性。钢筋位置不同时,极限荷载最小值约为最大值的80%。

微米PS环氧树脂增韧钢-CFRP界面机理及力学性能研究

为强化钢-碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)胶粘界面环氧树脂的强度和韧性,添加聚苯乙烯(PS)微球提升环氧树脂的力学性能。研究了常温固化工艺下微米PS增韧环氧树脂的拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了环氧树脂拉伸断面的微观形貌,分析了微米PS颗粒对环氧树脂的增强增韧机理,开展了钢-CFRP胶粘界面力学性能试验。结果表明,PS质量分数从0%增加到5.00%时,胶粘剂的拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、断裂伸长率、弯曲挠度及冲击强度随着PS掺量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势。基体断裂时PS颗粒会产生大变形或阻碍微裂纹发展,从而达到增韧的目的,较大掺量的PS颗粒在树脂中粘附团聚导致环氧树脂的力学性能下降。随着PS掺量从0%增加到2.50%,钢-CFRP胶粘试件的破坏形态从钢板脱胶、胶层内聚破坏逐渐过渡到CFRP板层离,双搭接试件的抗拉强度逐渐提高,2.50%掺量的微米PS增韧环氧树脂在钢-CFRP胶粘界面中表现出良好的力学性能。

金属钼圆基片平面研磨及其表面创成机理研究

目的实现金属钼圆基片高效平坦化加工,获得超光滑表面。方法采用游离磨料对钼圆基片进行平面研磨加工,研究磨料种类及研磨盘转速、研磨压力、研磨时间等工艺参数对研磨效果的影响规律,通过材料去除率(MRR)与表面粗糙度(Ra)的建模分析,对比钼材与高硬脆和高塑性材料,揭示其研磨工艺特性、探究其表面创成机理。结果钼圆基片材料去除快慢和表面形貌受各因素作用的综合影响。CeO_(2)磨料适合钼圆基片的研磨加工,材料去除方式为二体、三体摩擦塑性去除;在研磨过程中,MRR随研磨盘转速、研磨压力的递增而先增大后减小,在研磨盘转速为60 r/min、研磨压力为0.026 MPa条件下MRR达到最大;除磨料因素外,其他工艺因素对表面粗糙度的影响较小;MRR和Ra随加工时间的延长而趋于稳定;使用粒径W1 CeO_(2)磨料在研磨盘转速为60 r/min、研磨压力为0.026 MPa下研磨40 min后,表面粗糙度Ra由46 nm降至9.53 nm,MRR达1.16 mg/min。结论采用游离磨料研磨方法在优化工艺条件下可以有效降低表面粗糙度,获得良好表面。

增材制造316L熔覆层表面成形质量实验研究

增材制造是近些年来新兴的一种制造方法,具有绿色环保、节约材料、生产周期短等优点,激光熔覆技术是金属材料增材制造的主要方法。通过激光熔覆实验制备316L熔覆层,分析了熔覆层表面成形质量,探究了激光功率、送粉速率、扫描速度、搭接率、每层提升量、扫描路径对316L熔覆层表面形貌的影响,对实验结果进行分析得到:随着激光功率的增大,熔覆线宽度和熔深增大,熔覆线高度先增大后减小,稀释率先减小后增大;随着扫描速率的增大,熔覆线高度、宽度、熔深均减小,稀释率总体的变化趋势是增大;随着送粉速率的增大,熔深先增大后减小,熔覆线高度增大,宽度和稀释率减小;当横向搭接率为45%时,熔覆层表面较为平整;当z轴抬升量等于单层熔覆高度时,成形件高度最高且成形形貌好,无塌陷现象;采用往返扫描方式成形的试件两边高度形貌均匀且高度一致,没有明显坍塌现象。实验结果为激光熔覆316L的技术提供了数据支持和实验依据。

城市轨道车辆地板布粘接施胶工艺优化研究

城市地铁建设呈飞速发展趋势,此交通模式更为便利人们的出行。为此,社会对地铁的美观性、个性化也提出了更高要求。以城轨车辆为对象,首先对地板布粘接结构进行分析,然后对胶粘无缝搭接工艺关键点与步骤进行论述,最后通过实验对比分析胶粘无缝搭接与对接工艺。分析可知,无缝搭接要比对接工艺在抗拉强度上表现的更为出色,前者的断裂模式为切断,这能更好规避地板布开裂问题,不仅具有较高的美观度,而且使用年限较长;并能产生降噪、减震的效果。结果表明,无缝搭接工艺在抗开裂、抗拉强度方面表现更为出色。

湿热环境下端径比对复合材料螺栓连接结构静力拉伸失效的影响

为研究湿热环境下复合材料螺栓连接结构的静力拉伸性能,通过对七种不同端径比的T300碳纤维复合材料单钉单剪螺栓连接结构进行静力拉伸试验,得到不同端径比的连接结构在25℃干态(RTD)和70℃平衡吸湿(ETW)环境下极限失效载荷和破坏强度的变化规律,揭示了接头的破坏模式;建立复合材料单钉单剪螺栓连接有限元模型,对比不同端径比的连接结构试验的极限失效载荷,得到最优端径比为3;研究了湿热环境下最优端径比的连接结构不同铺层的损伤形式。结果表明,端径比从1增大到3时,RTD和ETW环境下连接结构的极限失效载荷分别增加了1.1倍和1倍,破坏强度均增加了1倍,当端径比从3增大到4时,RTD和ETW环境下极限失效载荷分别降低了6.56%和9.08%,破坏强度分别降低了6.83%和9.35%;在最优端径比下,与RTD环境下相比,ETW环境下连接结构的极限失效载荷和破坏强度分别下降了9.25%和9.52%,并且层合板孔周的压缩损伤更严重,存在更明显的纤维束拔起及纤维碎裂。

某核心筒收进水瓶型超高层结构设计关键问题研究

某超高层建筑位于武汉市汉阳区一线滨江区域,整体造型为下大上小逐渐收分的水瓶型,主体结构高度249m,屋面上设51m高塔冠,地上建筑总高度300m。建筑师要求外框柱贴幕墙边布置,导致塔楼大部分柱均为斜柱,在竖向荷载作用下将对楼面体系产生水平分力,设计中通过在楼面梁设置抗拉钢筋及型钢承担水平拉力。核心筒墙体在17、43层进行了转换收进,通过合理的分析及措施,确保了墙体传力路径的合理性。对主体结构进行了风洞试验并进行了相关论证,减小了设计风荷载,节约了结构造价。对结构进行了施工模拟、收缩徐变分析、墙体有限元分析及塔冠分析,结果表明结构设计安全合理。