The Comparative Study of the Temperature Distribution of Fiber Laser with Different Pump Schemes

Based on the structure of the long fiber laser (YDCFLs) with different pump schemes using high pump power, the nonlinear coupled and heat dissipation equations are solved numerically. Using the finite-difference method, we have determined the temperature distribution along the radial and axial directions of the fiber laser (YDCFLs) for the forward pump schemes of 200 W with reflection Rp2, backward pump schemes of 200 W with reflection Rp1 and for bidirectional pump scheme of 100 W each side. The results are: the temperature distribution for bidirectional pump mode is more even than that for forward pump with reflection Rp2 and than that for backward pump with reflection Rp1. The results show that the maximum temperature difference between different schemes is 57.51°C, and when the air-clad width decreases, the temperature in the core regions also decreases and does not affect to the cladding radius regions. We summarize that the temperature in the core and in cladding radius regions decreases when the outer radius cladding increases.

Burden Distribution for Bell-Less Top With Two Parallel Hoppers

The circumferential burden distribution of bell-less top with two parallel hoppers was analyzed to obtain the expressions of burden flux and uneven ratio. The four-batch feeding spirally with two parallel hoppers was proposed to realize even burden distribution by uneven flux, ensuring reasonable distribution of BF gas and effective usage of heat energy and chemical energy of gas as well as stable BF production with higher quality and lower consumption.

Design scheme for fast charging station for electric vehicles with distributed photovoltaic power generation

The demand for fast charging is increasing owing to the rapid expansion of the market for electric vehicles. In addition, the power generation technology for distributed photovoltaic has matured. This paper presents a design scheme for a fast charging station for electric vehicles equipped with distributed photovoltaic power generation system taking the area with certain conditions in Beijing as an example construction site. The technical indexes and equipment lectotype covering the general framework and subsystems of the charging station are determined by analyzing the charging service demand of fast charging stations. In this study, the layout of the station is developed and the operation benefits of the station is analyzed. The design scheme realizes the design objective of "rationalization, modularization and intelligentization" of the fast charging station and can be used as reference for the construction of a fast charging network in urban area.

Estimation of the Unknown Parameters for the Compound Rayleigh Distribution Based on Progressive First-Failure-Censored Sampling

This article considers estimation of the unknown parameters for the compound Rayleigh distribution (CRD) based on a new life test plan called a progressive first failure-censored plan introduced by Wu and Kus (2009). We consider the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference of the unknown parameters of the model, as well as the reliability and hazard rate functions. This was done using the conjugate prior for the shape parameter, and discrete prior for the scale parameter. The Bayes estimators hav been obtained relative to both symmetric (squared error) and asymmetric (LINEX and general entropy (GE)) loss functions. It has been seen that the symmetric and asymmetric Bayes estimators are obtained in closed forms. Also, based on this new censoring scheme, approximate confidence intervals for the parameters of CRD are developed. A practical example using real data set was used for illustration. Finally, to assess the performance of the proposed estimators, some numerical results using Monte Carlo simulation study were reported.

Determination of temperature distribution and control parameter in a two-dimensional parabolic inverse problem with overspecified data

In this paper, we present a new algorithm to solve a two-dimensional parabolic inverse problem with a source parameter, which appears in many physical phenomena. A linearized compact difference scheme for this problem is constructed using the finite difference method. The discretization accuracy is second-order in time and fourth-order in space. We obtain the unique solvability and present an alternating direction implicit algorithm to solve this difference scheme. The results of numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of this algorithm.

A Comprehensive Review of Protection Schemes for Distributed Generation

Due to the increasing demand of energy and the need for nonconventional energy sources, distributed generation (DG) has come into play. The trend of unidirectional power flow has been gradually shifting. With new technology comes new challenges, the introduction of DG into the conventional power system brings various challenges;one of the major challenges is system protection under DG sources. These sources pose a significant challenge due to bidirectional flows from DGs as well as lower fault current contribution from inverter interfaced DGs. This paper reviews existing protection schemes that have been suggested for active distribution networks. Most of these protection strategies apply only to smaller distribution systems implying that they may need to be extended to larger systems with a much higher penetration of distributed generation. In the end, a potential protection scheme has also been recommended as a future work.

Quantum Distributed Ballot Scheme Based on Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger State

Motivated by the complementary relations of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled tripletparticlestates,a novel way of realizing quantum distributed ballot scheme is proposed.The ballot information is encodedby local operations performed on the particles of entangled GHZ triplet states,which ensures the security of the presentscheme.In order to guarantee the security of this scheme,the checking phase is designed in detail on the basis of theentangled GHZ triplet state.The analysis shows the security of the proposed scheme.

Ergodic Capacity Analysis and Adaptive Transsmion Scheme in Multi-user Distributed Antenna Systems

This paper focuses on analyzing the ergodic capacity performance of limited feedback (LFB) beamforming in multi-user distributed antenna system (DAS). In such a system, multi-user interference (MUI) is inevitably due to the channel uncertainties caused by quantization error. Considering this, we propose a parameter named effective ergodic capacity rate (EECR), which denotes the capacity offset between finite rate feedback and perfect channel state information (CSI). The simulation results show that the derived approximated EECR is very tight to actual EECR. Based on the approximated EECR, an adaptive minimum bit feedback scheme is proposed, which can effectively reduce the overhead of feedback channel and the complexity of the system. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

基于改进蚁群算法的外卖配送路径规划研究

从外卖配送员角度出发提出一种改进蚁群算法(Improved Ant Colony Optimization,IACO),在此基础上进行外卖配送路径规划研究.首先通过蚁群算法(Ant Colony Optimization,ACO)求解得到初始规划路径,然后通过大规模邻域搜索算法(Large Neighborhood Search,LNS)优化初始规划路径,通过将ACO和LNS算法结合,提高求解质量.为了验证方法的有效性,对外卖配送过程进行仿真,并且选用不同订单数量场景进行对照分析.根据最优配送方案路线图和目标罚函数的最优值可以得出,IACO算法是有效的,且可以提高外卖配送员外卖配送的效率.IACO算法不但能够提升配送的智能化水平,还从外卖配送员的角度提出一种更为人性化的配送方法,支持网络互联外卖平台派送系统的可持续化发展.

Reliability of a Multicomponent Stress-strength Model Based on a Bivariate Kumaraswamy Distribution with Censored Data

In this paper,we consider a system which has k statistically independent and identically distributed strength components and each component is constructed by a pair of statistically dependent elements with doubly type-II censored scheme.These elements(X1,Y1),(X2,Y2),…,(Xk,Yk)follow a bivariate Kumaraswamy distribution and each element is exposed to a common random stress T which follows a Kumaraswamy distribution.The system is regarded as operating only if at least s out of k(1≤s≤k)strength variables exceed the random stress.The multicomponent reliability of the system is given by Rs,k=P(at least s of the(Z1,…,Zk)exceed T)where Zi=min(Xi,Yi),i=1,…,k.The Bayes estimates of Rs,k have been developed by using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods due to the lack of explicit forms.The uniformly minimum variance unbiased and exact Bayes estimates of Rs,k are obtained analytically when the common second shape parameter is known.The asymptotic confidence interval and the highest probability density credible interval are constructed for Rs,k.The reliability estimators are compared by using the estimated risks through Monte Carlo simulations.

Outlier-resistant distributed fusion filtering for nonlinear discrete-time singular systems under a dynamic event-triggered scheme

This paper investigates the problem of outlier-resistant distributed fusion filtering(DFF)for a class of multi-sensor nonlinear singular systems(MSNSSs)under a dynamic event-triggered scheme(DETS).To relieve the effect of measurement outliers in data transmission,a self-adaptive saturation function is used.Moreover,to further reduce the energy consumption of each sensor node and improve the efficiency of resource utilization,a DETS is adopted to regulate the frequency of data transmission.For the addressed MSNSSs,our purpose is to construct the local outlier-resistant filter under the effects of the measurement outliers and the DETS;the local upper bound(UB)on the filtering error covariance(FEC)is derived by solving the difference equations and minimized by designing proper filter gains.Furthermore,according to the local filters and their UBs,a DFF algorithm is presented in terms of the inverse covariance intersection fusion rule.As such,the proposed DFF algorithm has the advantages of reducing the frequency of data transmission and the impact of measurement outliers,thereby improving the estimation performance.Moreover,the uniform boundedness of the filtering error is discussed and a corresponding sufficient condition is presented.Finally,the validity of the developed algorithm is checked using a simulation example.

ONE-PARAMETER FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS AND THEIR ACCELERATED SCHEMES FOR SPACE-FRACTIONAL SINE-GORDON EQUATIONS WITH DISTRIBUTED DELAY

This paper deals with numerical methods for solving one-dimensional(1D)and twodimensional(2D)initial-boundary value problems(IBVPs)of space-fractional sine-Gordon equations(SGEs)with distributed delay.For 1D problems,we construct a kind of oneparameter finite difference(OPFD)method.It is shown that,under a suitable condition,the proposed method is convergent with second order accuracy both in time and space.In implementation,the preconditioned conjugate gradient(PCG)method with the Strang circulant preconditioner is carried out to improve the computational efficiency of the OPFD method.For 2D problems,we develop another kind of OPFD method.For such a method,two classes of accelerated schemes are suggested,one is alternative direction implicit(ADI)scheme and the other is ADI-PCG scheme.In particular,we prove that ADI scheme can arrive at second-order accuracy in time and space.With some numerical experiments,the computational effectiveness and accuracy of the methods are further verified.Moreover,for the suggested methods,a numerical comparison in computational efficiency is presented.

基于故障时刻自同步的波形比较式多端配电网快速保护方案

为打破电气量的同步采集技术壁垒,并合理应对不平衡差流问题,分析了基于故障检测时刻保护数据自同步的实现方法,利用多端电流合成和Tanimoto系数构建了波形相似度比较式保护新判据。基于5G网络数据实时传输功能,形成了一套适用于多端配电网的综合快速保护方案。经PSCAD/EMTDC软件仿真,验证了所提方案能够快速可靠地确定故障区段,能很好地适应配电网复杂故障场景。

基于二维热传导方程的COB-LED散热器热模拟

针对COB-LED(Chip on Board-Light Emitting Diode)散热问题,文中基于二维热传导方程建立了一个可快速计算COB-LED散热器表面热分布的数学模型。为了便于模型求解,采用有限差分法求解该数学模型并选择交替方向隐格式作为其差分格式。根据模型中的边界条件和初始条件设计COB-LED常温点亮实验,并基于ANSYS有限元分析软件进行仿真分析。通过比较求解结果、仿真结果和实验结果验证该数学模型的合理性。结果表明,求解结果与实验结果中最高温度相对误差约23.57%,且两者的温度变化趋势一致。求解结果与仿真结果中最高温度相对误差约34.84%,且温度分布较为接近,证明了该数学模型的合理性与正确性。

高速铁路10 kV变配电所馈线保护方式优化研究

铁路10 kV变配电所地方进线电源一般为中性点不接地系统。高速铁路变配电所内的馈线、贯通线多为全电缆线路,发生单相接地故障后,馈线电缆零序保护不跳闸只报警,允许故障馈线带故障运行。然而,电力电缆的绝缘裕度比架空线路的绝缘裕度小得多,承受过电压的能力低,一旦发生单相接地故障,易引起永久性的绝缘击穿,进而发展成为相间故障,使故障范围扩大。本文提出高速铁路变配电所故障馈线小电流选线方法,可准确判断出发生电缆单相接地故障的馈线,避免故障扩大。对于高阻接地故障,提出了采用基于暂态量的综合选线方法,除比对故障和非故障线路的零序电流幅值和相位,还利用暂态无功功率方向进行准确选线。

不同服务器负载方案下数据中心热管理的数值模拟

为了满足钢铁企业对数据中心热管理的要求,针对不同的服务器负载方案进行模拟研究,考虑了4类服务器功率负载方案(均匀、离散、分段和集群),共研究了11组服务器负载算例.结果表明:均匀和集中下层的负载方案散热效果较好,在集中下层的负载方案中,热通道内冷热气流掺混均匀,气流组织最佳.同时,提出了基于活动服务器温度平均的负载优化措施,改善后的集中下层负载方案表现较好,节能潜力较大.

某机修工程光储直柔系统方案探讨

在分析光储直柔系统原理基础上,以某新建机修工程智慧低碳建筑为例,构建光储直柔微网系统和光储充微网系统,并对两种方案进行设计对比分析探讨,以实现新能源的更好利用。