Novel self-embedding holographic watermarking image encryption protection scheme

For digital image transmission security and information copyright,a new holographic image self-embedding watermarking encryption scheme is proposed.Firstly,the plaintext is converted to the RGB three-color channel,the corresponding phase hologram is obtained by holographic technology and the watermark is self-embedded in the frequency domain.Secondly,by applying the Hilbert transform principle and genetic center law,a complete set of image encryption algorithms is constructed to realize the encryption of image information.Finally,simulation results and security analysis indicate that the scheme can effectively encrypt and decrypt image information and realize the copyright protection of information.The introduced scheme can provide some support for relevant theoretical research,and has practical significance.

Multi-prior physics-enhanced neural network enables pixel super-resolution and twin-imagefree phase retrieval from single-shot hologram

Digital in-line holographic microscopy(DIHM)is a widely used interference technique for real-time reconstruction of living cells’morphological information with large space-bandwidth product and compact setup.However,the need for a larger pixel size of detector to improve imaging photosensitivity,field-of-view,and signal-to-noise ratio often leads to the loss of sub-pixel information and limited pixel resolution.Additionally,the twin-image appearing in the reconstruction severely degrades the quality of the reconstructed image.The deep learning(DL)approach has emerged as a powerful tool for phase retrieval in DIHM,effectively addressing these challenges.However,most DL-based strategies are datadriven or end-to-end net approaches,suffering from excessive data dependency and limited generalization ability.Herein,a novel multi-prior physics-enhanced neural network with pixel super-resolution(MPPN-PSR)for phase retrieval of DIHM is proposed.It encapsulates the physical model prior,sparsity prior and deep image prior in an untrained deep neural network.The effectiveness and feasibility of MPPN-PSR are demonstrated by comparing it with other traditional and learning-based phase retrieval methods.With the capabilities of pixel super-resolution,twin-image elimination and high-throughput jointly from a single-shot intensity measurement,the proposed DIHM approach is expected to be widely adopted in biomedical workflow and industrial measurement.

Holographic microwave imaging for medical applications

This paper presents a new 2D holographic microwave imaging array (HMIA) technique for medical imaging applications. The HMIA technique has been applied to early stage breast cancer detection and brain stroke detection. Computer models are developed to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting and localizing small brain strokes within a 2D numerical head model and breast tumours within a 3D numerical breast model using the HMIA technique. Experimental validation of the HMIA simulation model using a breast phantom has been undertaken and demonstrated a good agreement between experimental and simulated images. Simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed HMIA technique has the potential to become a powerful medical screening and diagnostic tool.

Study of a millimeter-wave squint indirect holographic algorithm suitable for imaging with large field-of-view

In this paper a millimeter-wave （MMW） squint indirect holographic method is presented, which is suitable for imaging with a large field-of-view. The proposed system employs the squint operation mode to remove the background and twin- image interferences, which achieves a similar effect to off-axis holography but leaves out the large-aperture quasi-optical component. The translational scanning manner enables a large field of view and ensures the image uniformity, which is difficult to realize in off-axis holography. In addition, a corresponding imaging algorithm for the presented scheme is developed to reconstruct the image from the recorded hologram. Some imaging results on typical objects, obtained with electromagnetic simulation, demonstrate good performance of the imaging scheme and validate the effectiveness of the image reconstruction algorithm.

A Broadband T/R Front-End of Millimeter Wave Holographic Imaging

A broadband T/R frond-end of active holographic imaging system is presented. Compact autodyne mode circuit structure front-end is adopted to achieve higher signal to noise ratio and higher reliability, which is beneficial to the after-end imagining. The factors that influence the dynamic range and the transverse resolution ratio of holographic imaging system have been analyzed. Wide-band oscillator, wide-band low noise amplifier and the tapered slot antennas are implemented to meet the requirements of the holographic imagining system. According to the measured results, the output power is uniform in the broadband working frequency. The sub-harmonic suppression is better than 25 dBc from the frequency of 28 GHz to 33 GHz. The isolation between antennas channel is greater than 20 dB. The experimental result shows that the performance of the front-end is good enough to meet the needs of active millimeter-wave holographic imaging system.

Spectral selective fluorescence molecular imaging with volume holographic imaging system

A compact volume holographic imaging(VHI)method that can detect fluorescence objects located in diffusive medium in spectral selective imaging manner is presented.The enlargement of lateralfield of view of the VHI system is realized by using broadband illumination and demagnification optics.Each target spectrum of°uorescence emitting from a di®usive medium is probed by tuning the inclination angle of the transmission volume holographic grating(VHG).With the use of the single transmission VHG,fluorescence images with different spectrum are obtained sequentially and precise three-dimensional(3D)information of deep fluorescent objects located in a diffusive medium can be reconstructed from these images.The results of phantom experiments demonstrate that two fluorescent objects with a sub-millimeter distance can be resolved by spectral selective imaging.

Holographic Microwave Imaging Array for Brain Stroke Detection

This paper proposes a new holographic microwave imaging array (HMIA) technique for brain stroke detection. This approach is based on holographic microwave and aperture synthesis imaging techniques. The system is designed for operation at a single frequency of 2.5 GHz. A realistic three dimensional (3D) head model that contains skin, fat, skull, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), grey matter, white matter and ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke area is developed using MATLAB to demonstrate the proposed HMIA imaging algorithm.A matching solution medium is used between the antennas and the head model. The study is conducted using HMIA computer simulations and 3D head model with-stroke.The simulation results showed that small stroke area (5 mmin diameter) could be successfully detected with the HMIA approach.

Electromagnetic holographic sensitivity field of two-phase flow in horizontal wells

Electromagnetic holographic data are characterized by two modes, suggesting that image reconstruction requires a dual-mode sensitivity field as well. We analyze an electromagnetic holographic field based on tomography theory and Radon inverse transform to derive the expression of the electromagnetic holographic sensitivity field （EMHSF）. Then, we apply the EMHSF calculated by using finite-element methods to flow simulations and holographic imaging. The results suggest that the EMHSF based on the partial derivative of radius of the complex electric potential φ is closely linked to the Radon inverse transform and encompasses the sensitivities of the amplitude and phase data. The flow images obtained with inversion using EMHSF better agree with the actual flow patterns. The EMHSF overcomes the limitations of traditional single-mode sensitivity fields.

Holographic Goggles Optical System

Based on the holographic theory, a pair of reflective holographic lenses have been utilized with an aim to improve the optical properties of night vision goggles. The aberration distribution of the holographic lens has been confirmed by experiments and compensated by a conventional symmetrical spherical system. Resulting data of the whole optical system are given.

Lensless complex amplitude demodulation based on deep learning in holographic data storage

To increase the storage capacity in holographic data storage(HDS),the information to be stored is encoded into a complex amplitude.Fast and accurate retrieval of amplitude and phase from the reconstructed beam is necessary during data readout in HDS.In this study,we proposed a complex amplitude demodulation method based on deep learning from a single-shot diffraction intensity image and verified it by a non-interferometric lensless experiment demodulating four-level amplitude and four-level phase.By analyzing the correlation between the diffraction intensity features and the amplitude and phase encoding data pages,the inverse problem was decomposed into two backward operators denoted by two convolutional neural networks(CNNs)to demodulate amplitude and phase respectively.The experimental system is simple,stable,and robust,and it only needs a single diffraction image to realize the direct demodulation of both amplitude and phase.To our investigation,this is the first time in HDS that multilevel complex amplitude demodulation is achieved experimentally from one diffraction intensity image without iterations.

Comparative research and its significance of deformation measurements by technologies of laser real-time holographic interferome-try and radar differential interferometry

The principles and applications of laser real-time holographic interferometry （LRTHI） and radar differential interferometry （RDI） technologies are described in this paper, respectively. By using LRTHI, we can observe the deformation of samples under pressure in the lab and study the anomaly characteristics relating to different strain fields in different fracture-developing areas; while by using RDI, we can observe the landform and surface deformation. The results of deformation observed before and after the Ms=7.9 Mani earthquake （Tibet） and Ms=6.2 Shangyi-Zhangbei earthquake in China are obtained. It is pointed out that LRTHI and RDi are similar, which study the characteristics of anomalous deformation field by fringe variations for both of them. Therefore, the observation of deformation field in the seismogenic process, especially in the period impending an earthquake by RDI, and the comparative study in the lab by LRTHI are of great significance.

Holographic images of an AdS black hole within the framework of f(R) gravity theory

Based on the AdS/CFT correspondence,this study employs an oscillating Gaussian source to numerically study the holographic images of an AdS black hole under f(R)gravity using wave optics.Due to the diffraction of scalar wave,it turns out that one can clearly observed the interference patten of the absolute amplitude of response function on the AdS boundary.Furthermore,it is observed that its peak increases with the f(R)parameterαbut decreases with the global monopoleη,frequencyω,and horizon r_(h).More importantly,the results reveal that the holographic Einstein ring is a series of concentric striped patterns for an observer at the North Pole and that their center is analogous to a Poisson-Arago spot.This ring can evolve into a luminosity-deformed ring or two light spots when the observer is at a different position.According to geometrical optics,it is true that the size of the brightest holographic ring is approximately equal to that of the photon sphere,and the two light spots correspond to clockwise and anticlockwise light rays.In addition,holographic images for different values of black holes and optical system parameters were obtained,and different features emerged.Finally,we conclude that the holographic rings of the AdS black hole in modified gravities are more suitable and helpful for testing the existence of a gravity dual for a given material.

3D displays: toward holographic video displays of 3D images

As the fiat panel displays （Liquid Crystal Displays, AMOLED, etc.） reach near perfection in their viewing qualities and display areas, it is natural to seek the next level of displays, including 3D displays. There is a strong surge in 3D liquid crystal displays as a result of the successful movie Avatar. Most of these 3D displays involve the employment of special glasses that allow one view perspective for each of the eyes to achieve a depth perception. Such displays are not real 3D displays. In fact, these displays can only provide one viewing perspective for all viewers, regardless of the viewer＇s position. In addition, a fundamental viewing problem of focusing and accommodation exist that can lead to discomfort and fatigue for many viewers. In this paper, the authors review the current status of stereoscopic 3D displays and their problems. The authors will also discuss the possibility of using fiat panels for the display of both phase and intensity of video image information, leading to the ultimate display of 3D holographic video images. Many of the fundamental issues and limitations will be presented and discussed.

Fast compression of computer-generated holographic images based on a GPU-accelerated skip-dimension vector quantization method

A method for fast and low bit-rate compression of digital holograms based on a new vector quantization （VQ） method known as the skip-dimension VQ （SDVQ） is proposed. Briefly, a complex hologram is converted into a real off-axis hologram, and partitioned into a set of image vectors. The image vectors are passed into a graphic processing unit （GPU）, and compressed through SDVQ into a set of code indices considerably smaller in data size than the source hologram. Experimental evaluation reveals that our scheme is capable of compressing a digital hologram to a compression ratio of over 500 times, in approximately 20-22 ms.

Minimizing the effects of unmodulated light and uneven intensity profile on the holographic images reconstructed by pixelated spatial light modulators

A simple and effective approach is proposed to minimize the effect of unmodulated light and uneven intensity caused by the pixelated structure of the spatial light modulator in a holographic display. A more uniform image is produced by purposely shifting the holographic images of multiple reconstructed lights with different incident angles from the zero-diffraction-order and overlapping those selected different orders. The simulation and optical experimental results show that the influence of the zero-diffraction-order can be reduced, while keeping the good uniformity of the target images by this new approach.

电磁超表面全息成像技术研究进展

超表面全息术的出现极大地促进了全息成像技术的发展,同时也拓展了电磁超表面的应用范围。为进一步梳理超表面全息成像的发展脉络,以技术发展的时间轴为主线,系统地回顾了超表面技术的发展历程,以及受益于超表面技术的全息成像模式的进步。随着技术的进步,超表面全息术逐渐从可见光频段向微波频段发展,从静态重现向动态全息演变,因此,着重介绍了超表面全息术的未来方向——可重构超表面及其动态全息技术,并且从超表面单元高性能创新技术、超表面阵列全息模式以及超表面全息系统研究3个方面对可重构超表面全息术的发展做了展望。

全息影像技术在外科住院医师规范化培训教学中的构建与应用

目的评价全息影像技术在外科住院医师规范化培训教学中的应用价值。方法选取2022年9月至2023年9月郑州大学第一附属医院外科住院医师规范化培训学员60名,按照随机数表法分成全息影像教学组和传统教学组,每组各30名,分别采取全息影像技术支持下教学模式和传统医学教学模式进行住院医师规范化培训教学。通过考试成绩及教学满意度调查比较两组在住院医师规范化培训教学效果方面的差异。结果两组的理论成绩和技能成绩分别为(84.19±4.85、88.07±5.61)分和(77.24±5.15、82.70±5.45)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。教学满意度评价分别为86.66%和100.00%。全息影像教学组在对理论知识的理解和掌握,学习主动性等方面的评价明显优于传统教学组。结论全息影像技术支持下的教学模式较传统教学模式更有益于提高住院医师规范化培训教学质量。

高精度毫米波柱面孔径全息成像算法研究

近年来,国际恐怖袭击事件时有发生,使得安全形势变得极为严峻,因此迫切需要引入新型的安全检查手段,防范和应对重大安全事故的发生。在此背景下,毫米波全息三维成像凭借其安全性、穿透性和高分辨率成像等优势,被广泛地应用在安检领域。由于人体安检需要在短时间内对目标进行精确的检测,具有实时性的特点,即需要在实时情况下快速做出判断和决策,因此对成像精度有着更高的要求。本文提出了一种高精度毫米波柱面孔径全息成像算法,给出了柱面孔径三维成像所需要满足的采样准则;首先,将成像区域划分为序列不同半径的成像柱面,依据成像精度和相位误差控制范围设置成像参考柱面,简化重复计算匹配滤波函数的过程;然后,将回波信号变换至三维波数域中,并与匹配滤波函数相乘;接着,沿距离向对匹配滤波的结果进行积分,聚焦获得相应半径柱面上目标的散射信息;最后,对不同半径柱面上的目标进行聚焦,获取目标的全部散射信息,进而完成对整个观测区域的三维图像重建。本文给出了参考面最佳分配策略和算法成像复杂度分析,并通过点目标仿真详细地分析了相位误差对成像质量的影响,并与现有的方法进行了比较,以及在同样的系统参数下对人体模特进行成像实验,仿真和实验的结果表明本文方法的有效性、精确性和正确性。

实时VR场景下多尺度数字全息成像仿真

在数字全息成像的过程中,受光电传感器件结构参量、光照强度以及传输方向等因素的影响,导致全息图成像的亮度、分辨率降低。为了提高多尺度数字全息成像的真实度,提出了实时VR场景下多尺度数字全息成像方法。通过定义图像像素点分布的概率函数,计算多尺度数字图像像素的显著性,根据图像像素特征的分布方差,提取出多尺度数字图像像素点。利用小波变换系数识别多尺度数字图像的噪声,基于图像噪声信号的方差分布,精细化处理多尺度数字图像,结合小波反变换,构建多尺度数字图像去噪模型,得到去噪后的图像。根据多尺度数字全息成像模型,得到图像增强的梯度场,在实时VR场景下,引入加权融合的方法,得到图像的高频细节分量,利用图像融合规则,生成多尺度数字图像。实验结果表明,所提方法能够生成VR图像,并将成像真实度和清晰度分别提高到90%以上和92%以上。

双圆极化近场成像张量全息超表面

近场波束赋形可用于近场通信、无线功率传输等领域,而基于全息超表面设计的近场成像天线具有剖面低、无需馈电网络和波束调控灵活等优势。对标量和张量全息超表面近场成像进行了理论推导、仿真分析和实物验证。在此基础上,利用张量全息超表面设计了一款集成平面馈源的近场成像天线,全波仿真和测试结果相吻合,验证了该超表面具有可同时利用左旋和右旋圆极化进行近场成像的能力。