Experimental demonstration of single-mode fiber coupling using adaptive fiber coupler

Coupling plane wave into a single-mode fiber （SMF） with high and steady coupling efficiency is crucial for fiber- based free-space laser systems, where random angular jitters are the main influencing factors of fiber coupling. In this paper, we verified a new adaptive-optic device named adaptive fiber coupler （AFC） which could compensate angular jitters and improve the SMF coupling efficiency in some degree. Experiments of SMF coupling under the angular jitter situation using AFC have been achieved. Stochastic parallel gradient descent （SPGD） algorithm is employed as the control strategy, of which the iteration rate is 625 Hz. In closed loop, the coupling efficiency keeps above 65% when angular errors are below 80/3tad. The compensation bandwidth is 35 Hz at sine-jitter of 15 ~rad amplitude with average coupling efficiency of above 60%. Also, experiments with simulated turbulence have been studied. The average coupling efficiency increases from 31.97% in open loop to 61.33% in closed loop, and mean square error （MSE） of coupling efficiency drops from 7.43% to 1.75%.

Single-mode antiresonant terahertz fiber based on mode coupling between core and cladding

Based on the index-induced mode coupling between the higher-order mode in core and the fundamental mode in cladding tubes,the single-mode operation can be realized in any antiresonant fibers(ARFs)when satisfying that the area ratio of cladding tube and core is about 0.46:1,and this area ratio also should be modified according to the shape and the number of cladding tubes.In the ARF with nodal core boundary,the mode in core also can couple with the mode in the wall of core boundary,which can further enhance the suppression of high-order mode.Accordingly,an ARF with conjoint semi-elliptical cladding tubes realizes a loss of higher-order mode larger than 30 dB/m;simultaneously,a loss of fundamental mode loss less than 0.4 dB/m.

Wavelength dependent loss of splice of single-mode fibers

After reviewing three different definitions of mode field diameter of single-mode fibers, coupled efficiency calculation methods associated with lateral offset, longitude separation and wavelength, the effects produced by them, and the influences of splicing defects were discussed in detail. The regularities of the effects were studied according to the first order derivation of couple efficiency formula, and a simplified formula for couple efficiency calculation was presented under the circumstance of slight misalignment, with respect to wavelength, 2, and in a good agreement with the theoretical model. The simplified formula provides a new but simple approach to evaluate wavelength dependent couple efficiency of single-mode fibers. Theoretical analyses and numerical calculations show that, when those defects exist, the wavelength produces additional effects on the couple loss that growth of wavelength causes an increase on the couple efficiency for the lateral offset or longitude separation whereas lessens the couple efficiency due to angular misalignment or mode fields mismatching, and that the wavelength degrades the couple efficiency distinctly when λ≥2.5 μm whereas it distorts the couple slightly in range of λ≤2λ≤2 μm.

Design of coupling system in fiber optic sensing measurement

According to the principle of choosing the light source in the fiber optic sensing measurement,semiconductor laser is used as the light source of fiber optic sensor and single-mode fiber is used as the tail fiber of light source. Based on optical design software Zemax’s pure non-sequential components,a coupling system of semiconductor laser and single-mode fiber is designed. By analyzing the beam characteristics of the semiconductor laser and the coupled mode theory of semiconductor laser and single-mode fiber,the combined lens consists of a ball lens and a collimating lens for the purpose of improving the coupling efficiency and adjusting tolerance. The simulation results show that the coupling efficiency can reach about 78% by using one million ray traces on non-sequential components,while the experimental test result is 69.11%,accordingly,the reasons for the difference between the experiment and the simulation results are analyzed.

A high-efficiency grating coupler between single-mode fiber and silicon-on-insulator waveguide

We present the design of a diffractive grating structure and get the optimal parameters which can achieve more than 75%coupling efficiency（CE） between single-mode fiber and silicon-on-insulator（SOI） waveguide through 2D finite-different time-domain（FDTD） simulation.The proposed architecture has a uniform structure with no bottom reflection element or silicon overlay.The structure,including grating couplers,adiabatic tapers and interconnection waveguides can be fabricated on the SOI waveguide with only a single electron-beam lithography（ICP） step,which is CMOS-compatible.A relatively high coupling efficiency of 47.2%was obtained at a wavelength of 1562 nm.

Alignment and efficiency-monitoring method of high-power fiber-to-fiber coupling

High-power fiber-to-fiber coupling is extensively used in fiber laser applications,and its performance is determined by coupling efficiency.We demonstrate a novel method for alignment and monitoring efficiency by detecting backscattering power at the fiber end cap.The relationship between alignment error and backscattering power is determined by simulations and experiments.Through this method,a state-of-the-art kW-level fiberto-fiber optic switch is developed(transmission efficiency>97%).It performs well for longer than 60 min.To the best of our knowledge,it is the first time to establish the mathematical model based on this method.Our results can provide guidance in high-power fiber-to-fiber coupling.

基于低频外差干涉的光纤环形器重合度检测

光纤点衍射环形器是激光相干多普勒测振系统中光纤光路和空间光光路耦合的关键器件,其耦合效率等性能参数对测振系统测量准确度和测量距离的提升具有重要意义.常规环形器重合度检测采用能量监测法和远场重合度监测法,不能对光纤失配因素进行定量分析,环形器耦合效率的一致性无法保障.针对上述问题,提出了一种基于低频外差干涉的相位检测技术,利用干涉相位信息进行光纤相对姿态解算,可有效解决光纤环形器重合度定量检测的问题.对不同光纤相对姿态形成的干涉波前进行了仿真分析和实验验证,给出了光纤相对横向位移、纵向位移和光轴偏离角度与干涉相位PV(peak-to-valley)值、Zernike系数和环形器耦合效率间的规律,实现了干涉相位到光纤失配因素的分离解算,解算结果可指导光纤相对姿态的调整.最后通过实验验证了该技术的可行性,结果表明该技术对于光纤横向位移的检测精度优于1μm,为提升光纤环形器重合度提供了新的检测途径.

光纤端面耦合周期极化铌酸锂(PPLN)薄膜波导器件的研究

通过有限元模拟器从理论上分析了在理想光学系统中实现光纤与周期性极化铌酸锂(PPLN)波导之间高效耦合的可行性。仿真模拟了单模保偏光纤和透镜光纤在空间中的发散情况。针对截面尺寸为10μm×10μm、长度为20 mm的PPLN脊形波导,进行了与两种不同光纤的直接端面耦合模拟分析。分析发现,尽管透镜光纤的耦合效率高达95%,但其基模占比却不足5%。鉴于PPLN倍频器件主要依赖于激光的基模进行工作,这使透镜光纤的耦合效率在实际应用中显得相对较低。相比之下,单模保偏光纤的基模占比高达93.8%,显示出更为优越的性能。因此,本文选择了单模保偏光纤与PPLN脊形波导进行封装测试。实验结果表明:当温度为24.8℃,从光纤放大器输出的泵浦功率最大为1.6 W时,计算扣除输入端光纤与波导的耦合损耗后的输入泵浦功率为1.2 W,光纤到波导的耦合效率为75%,略高于当前已知的最高效率72%。1 560 nm基频光的输入功率为1.2 W时,最大输出653 mW的倍频光,光光转换效率达到了54.4%,归一化转换效率为20.2%/(W·cm^(2))。

高效铌酸锂薄膜波导模斑转换器设计

铌酸锂薄膜光子集成技术在高速光电子领域不断凸显,被广泛用于各种片上功能实现,如电光调制、光频梳、滤波器、非线性光学频率转换器、非线性量子光源、激光器等。在铌酸锂薄膜光子集成技术发展过程中,目前面临的一个重要的技术瓶颈就是铌酸锂薄膜纳米波导与单模光纤的高效耦合。针对这一问题,设计了一种基于SiO_(2)、SiON锥形结构以及双层铌酸锂锥形结构的模斑转换器,实现铌酸锂薄膜纳米波导与单模光纤之间模式和能量的高效传递与转换。采用三维有限差分光束传播法对器件结构进行了模拟仿真,并优化了结构参数,可实现与铌酸锂薄膜波导与单模光纤的高效耦合,耦合效率在82.2%~89.0%之间,同时,得到了±1.8μm光纤耦合对准容差,可为下一步制备出高效耦合的铌酸锂薄膜光子器件提供参考。

玻纤滤纸表面荷电性能对水过滤性能影响的研究

对于玻纤滤纸,通过降低孔径来提升对亚微米级颗粒物过滤效率的方法已难以满足日益提高的应用需求,通过改变滤纸表面荷电性能成为重要且可行的途径。以亚微米级玻璃棉为主要原料,通过湿法成型制备玻纤滤纸,并采用四种型号的硅烷偶联剂(KH792、KH550、KH560、KH570)对玻纤滤纸进行改性处理。对比分析了不同硅烷偶联剂处理前后玻纤滤纸孔径、抗张强度以及Zeta电位的变化,探究了不同硅烷偶联剂对玻纤滤纸水过滤性能的影响。结果表明:与KH550、KH560和KH570相比,经KH792处理后的玻纤滤纸具有最大的Zeta电位以及最佳的水过滤性能,对0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率超过98%,与未处理的玻纤滤纸相比,过滤效率提高了17.74%,为水过滤用高性能玻纤滤纸的研制提供了参考。

基于氦氖激光器的光纤耦合效率影响因素研究

光纤传输技术通常应用于光通信行业,本研究将光纤传输应用到激光精密测量中,对氦氖激光耦合到光纤的效率进行了实验研究,分析了其耦合效率的影响因素。氦氖激光器具有很高的波长稳定性,但由于其出光功率普遍较小,对光纤耦合效率有很高的要求。本研究从理论分析与实验两方面入手,研究了光纤芯径大小、光束与耦合器的夹角、光纤端面与透镜焦点偏离量等因素对光纤耦合效率的影响。

双包层光纤的侧面泵浦耦合技术

泵浦耦合技术是获得高功率光纤激光器的关键技术之一。双包层光纤侧面泵浦耦合技术通过双包层光纤侧面将泵浦光耦合入内包层 ,相对于光纤端面泵浦耦合技术有很多优点。针对于双包层光纤激光器的特点 ,已经发展了多种光纤侧面泵浦耦合技术。概述了目前已经在实验中采用的光纤侧面泵浦耦合技术 。

光纤耦合效率与接收光强计算研究

由于用近似方法计算出的光纤耦合效率和接收光功率与实验测量之间存在差异,有必要探讨更准确的计算方法以满足应用的需要。通过对径向变量的积分,导出了在高斯光强分布下对接收光纤端面进行面积分计算的一元积分式,从而可以快速准确地对光纤的耦合效率和接收光功率进行数值计算。对62.5/125多模光纤的耦合效率和接收光功率进行的数值计算和实验测量说明,光纤的耦合效率只有用准确的数值计算才能给出与实际相符合的计算结果。使用芯径较大的接收光纤测量出射光束的近场光强分布时,光纤接收光强分布较光束的光强分布有较大的展宽,其相对误差甚至可达60%。

光锥与CCD耦合效率的理论分析

光锥与CCD的耦合技术是研制ICCD图像传感器的关键技术 ,本文主要从理论上分析并讨论了光锥与CCD耦合器件的耦合效率及其影响因素 ,进一步分析讨论了耦合效率对耦合器件信噪比的影响 证明了光锥与CCD的耦合效率不仅降低ICCD探测效率而且降低ICCD信噪比 。

高效率半导体激光器光纤耦合模块

随着半导体激光光源在激光加工领域的应用不断扩展,以激光二极管阵列制成的光纤耦合模块由于存在耦合效率低的缺点,已不能满足激光加工低成本的需求,因此研制高耦合效率的半导体激光器光纤耦合模块变得十分重要。本文将8只波长为808 nm、输出功率为5 W的单管半导体激光器通过合束技术耦合进光纤,制备了一种高效率的半导体激光器光纤耦合模块。光纤芯径为200μm、数值孔径(NA)为0.22,光纤输出功率为33.2W,耦合效率超过83%,这种高效率半导体激光器光纤耦合模块,可用于激光打标、塑料加工等领域。

空间光通信光纤耦合效率及补偿分析

受大气湍流影响,空间光通信系统中接收光至单模光纤耦合效率降低,根据弱湍流理论,推导了Kolmogorov湍流信道情况下准直高斯光束至单模光纤平均耦合效率表达式,仿真了1 km传输距离下不同接收孔径下平均耦合效率与湍流强度的关系,结果表明:当大气折射率结构常数达到10-12时,耦合效率降到0.1以下,且耦合效率随接收孔径增大而降低。采用37单元自适应光学系统(AO)进行补偿实验,对畸变波前进行重构再利用反射变形镜进行修正的方法,对比不同AO状态下波面图质量及远场长曝光成像及质心位置漂移,发现AO进行低阶像差校正后,波面峰-谷值及标准差减小、斯特列尔比(SR)及耦合效率增加,进行高阶校正后情况进一步改善。

500W光纤耦合半导体激光模块

针对半导体激光器在工业领域的应用和光纤耦合可以实现柔性传输的特点,设计了光纤耦合半导体激光模块。采用光束整形技术、空间合束、偏振合束和光纤耦合等技术,将两组共10个整形后的半导体标准阵列进行合束,扩束后耦合入芯径400μm、数值孔径0.22的镀增透膜光纤。在工作电流70 A时,光纤耦合前功率为545 W,光纤耦合后功率为518 W,光纤耦合效率高于95%,得到很高的光纤耦合效率,电光转换效率为43%,为下一步千瓦级光纤耦合半导体激光器的制备奠定了基础。

基于ZEMAX高功率半导体激光器光纤耦合设计

随着半导体激光器光源在激光加工领域的应用不断拓展,研制高耦合效率的半导体激光器光纤耦合模块变得十分重要。为了进一步提高光纤耦合激光二极管模块的输出功率,本文应用ZEMAX光学设计软件进行仿真模拟,将12只波长为808 nm、输出功率为10 W的单管半导体激光器通过合束方法高效率耦合进光纤。耦合光纤芯径为150μm、数值孔径为0.22,光纤输出功率为116.2 W,耦合效率为96.8%。

振动对空间光-光纤耦合效率影响及补偿实验研究

利用现有成熟光纤通信技术是目前卫星光通信技术的重要发展方向，但需首先解决空间光-光纤耦合这一关键问题。文中对卫星平台振动对空间光-光纤耦合效率的影响进行了理论分析；在此基础上针对卫星光通信终端，建立以CCD为探测器，高速偏转镜为补偿器件的卫星平台微振补偿系统，并进行了实验研究。实验结果表明：所采用的基于反馈控制技术的主动补偿系统能有效地抑制低频振动。在振动频率介于1～50 Hz，振动幅度介于75～300μrad之间时，补偿系统对耦合效率的最大改善率可达54.73%，验证了补偿方案的可行性及有效性，为在卫星光通信系统中应用各种光纤通信技术打下基础。