Development of geo-electrical meter based on networking

Further development of earthquake equipments is closely associated with that of computer technology. Because Embedded PC104 module has the equivalent functions of PC,it has been widely used in recent years,and can provide a new and flexible hardware design environment,but its applications in observation instruments of earth-quake precursor are rare. The present paper introduces in detail the realization of a networked geo-electrical meter by applying the low price,high reliability embedded PC104 industrial computer.

Intelligent Energy Utilization Analysis Using IUA-SMD Model Based Optimization Technique for Smart Metering Data

Smart metering has gained considerable attention as a research focus due to its reliability and energy-efficient nature compared to traditional electromechanical metering systems. Existing methods primarily focus on data management,rather than emphasizing efficiency. Accurate prediction of electricity consumption is crucial for enabling intelligent grid operations,including resource planning and demandsupply balancing. Smart metering solutions offer users the benefits of effectively interpreting their energy utilization and optimizing costs. Motivated by this,this paper presents an Intelligent Energy Utilization Analysis using Smart Metering Data(IUA-SMD)model to determine energy consumption patterns. The proposed IUA-SMD model comprises three major processes:data Pre-processing,feature extraction,and classification,with parameter optimization. We employ the extreme learning machine(ELM)based classification approach within the IUA-SMD model to derive optimal energy utilization labels. Additionally,we apply the shell game optimization(SGO)algorithm to enhance the classification efficiency of the ELM by optimizing its parameters. The effectiveness of the IUA-SMD model is evaluated using an extensive dataset of smart metering data,and the results are analyzed in terms of accuracy and mean square error(MSE). The proposed model demonstrates superior performance,achieving a maximum accuracy of65.917% and a minimum MSE of0.096. These results highlight the potential of the IUA-SMD model for enabling efficient energy utilization through intelligent analysis of smart metering data.

New Applications of ELF Survey Meter for Investigation of Electric and Magnetic Safety in Uranium Conversion Facilities

In this paper it has been presented the ELF Survey Meter and its application for investigation of presence of electric and magnetic fields strength in uranium conversion facilities,especially to investigate the effect of electric and magnetic sources on the operation of electrical controllers like PLC instruments, electrical drivers and actuators which are sensitive to presence of electrical and magnetic fields and also the effect of high voltage power lines

Design of Real-time Electricity Prices and Wireless Communication Smart Meter

Under the background of smart grid’s real-time electricity prices theory, a real-time electricity prices and wireless communication smart meter was designed. The metering chip collects power consumption information. The real-time clock chip records current time. The communication between smart meter and system master station is achieved by the wireless communication module. The “freescale” micro controller unit displays power consumption information on screen. And the meter feedbacks the power consumption information to the system master station with time-scale and real-time electricity prices. It results that the information exchange between users and suppers can be realized by the smart meter. It fully reflects the demanding for communication of smart grid.

Advanced Metering Infrastructure for Electric Vehicle Charging

The widely adoption of Electric Vehicle (EV) has been identified as a major challenge for future development of smart grids. The ever increasing electric vehicle charging further increases the energy demand. This paper reports the development of an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) as an effective tool to reshape the load profile of EV charging by adopting appropriate demand side management strategy. This paper presents a total solution for EV charging service platform (EVAMI) based on power line and internet communication. It must be stressed that the development of Third Party Customer Service Platform in this investigation facilitates a single bill to be issued to EV owners. Hence, EV owners understand their energy usage and thus may perform energy saving activity efficiently. Experiment and evaluation of the proposed system show that the throughput achieved is about 5 Mbps at 10 ms end to end delay in Power line Communication. By introducing two dimensional dynamic pricing and charging schedule, the proposed EVAMI successfully reduces 36% peak consumption and increases the “off peak” consumption by 54%. Therefore the EVAMI does not only reduce the peak consumption but also relocates the energy demand effectively.

A Novel Bidirectional Interaction Model and Electric Energy Measuring Scheme of EVs for V2G with Distorted Power Loads

With the increasing demand for petroleum resources and environmental issues,new energy electric vehicles are increasingly being used.However,the large number of electric vehicles connected to the grid has brought new challenges to the operation of the grid.Firstly,A novel bidirectional interaction model is established based on modulation theory with nonlinear loads.Then,the electric energy measuring scheme of EVs for V2G is derived under the conditions of distorted power loads.The scheme is composed of fundamental electric energy,fundamental-distorted electric energy,distorted-fundamental electric energy and distorted electric energy.And the characteristics of each electric energy are analyzed.Finally,the correctness of the model and energy measurement method is verified by three simulation cases:the impact signals,the fluctuating signals,and the harmonic signals.

A Review of the Characteristics and Challenges of Electricity Distribution in Ghana: Case Study of the Northern Electricity Distribution Company

This paper presents a review of the characteristics and challenges of electricity distribution in Ghana with an emphasis on the Northern Electricity Distribution Company (NEDCo) in the northern half of Ghana. NEDCo is used as a case study due to the peculiarity of its geographical area of operation and customer characteristics which better highlights the challenges of electricity distribution in Ghana. NEDCo’s electricity distribution operations cover approximately 64% of the total landmass of Ghana and contain the most deprived communities and consumers, who are extensively dispersed. In addition to the scattered settlements, NEDCo has a predominantly lifeline customer base that pay tariffs below the average cost of service. These peculiarities, together with regulatory complexities, have contributed to many challenges, such as high system losses, high cost of service and poor network reliability, in the electricity distribution sector in Ghana.

Clustering residential electricity load curve via community detection in network

Performing analytics on the load curve(LC)of customers is the foundation for demand response which requires a better understanding of customers'consumption pattern(CP)by analyzing the load curve.However,the performances of previous widely-used LC clustering methods are poor in two folds:larger number of clusters,huge variances within a cluster(a CP is extracted from a cluster),bringing huge difficulty to understand the electricity consumption pattern of customers.In this paper,to improve the performance of LC clustering,a clustering framework incorporated with community detection is proposed.The framework includes three parts:network construction,community detection,and CP extraction.According to the cluster validity index(CVI),the integrated approach outperforms the previous state-of-the-art method with the same amount of clusters.And the approach needs fewer clusters to achieve the same performance measured by CVI.

Methods and Techniques of Electricity Thieving in Pakistan

The situation of electricity in Pakistan has been alarming from the last ten years. The deficiency in electricity has not only obstructed the business activities but also affected the domestic consumers, educational institutes and hospitals. Usually electrical power companies are liable for electricity shortfall and power interruption. However, electricity end consumers are also equally responsible behind strange shortfall and unusual power interruption. Frequently, the consumers use the heavy electrical equipment in their homes including heaters, geysers, irons and water motors which causes the more electricity consumption, load shedding and huge amount of bills. For escaping the huge amount of electricity bill, the consumers commit the illegal and unethical connections. The illegal usage of electrical power failed the power companies to plan schedule load shedding accordingly and the other side the damaged electricity wires or Pole Mount Transformer increased faults due to overburdening, which directly affected on extend power interruption. In addition that, responsible teams of electrical power companies cannot reach instantly to repair faults and prevent the theft. Electricity thieving is social crime committed by the consumers or meter readers which causes the electricity strange shortfall within country. This paper presents the practical demonstration about the common energy theft methods and techniques done by electricity consumers within their home and residential building. In Pakistan EPC (electrical power companies) deploy the traditional electromechanical meters for electricity consumption measurements, however, these meters do not have any real time communication. Therefore there are many easy ways to manipulate the meter reading as well as internal structural of metering system.

对有关电能计量若干问题的思考

文中基于论证和较全面分析,就不同场景下电能计量所关注的截然不同的问题、更好利用大数据去构建电能表检验新方法、动态电能计量研究面临新挑战、关注超谐波电能计量、不宜将电能计量装置与电能表简单划等号,以及测量准确度不同于测量精度等六个问题,阐述了作者的观点和认识,旨在对开展相关研究,以及更清楚理解相关测量方法及概念等起到促进作用。

美国加州车网互动政策、标准与市场机制最新进展及其启示

电动汽车与电网互动(简称“车网互动”)可以释放电动汽车作为灵活性资源的潜力,能够有效提升电网调峰能力、促进高比例可再生能源消纳、提升电动汽车用户经济收益,日益受到各方重视。美国加利福尼亚州(简称“加州”)近些年在推动电动汽车与电网互动发展方面做了大量工作,取得了重要进展。首先,文中介绍了加州在电动汽车与电网互动配套政策法规方面的最新动向;之后,从技术标准、市场机制两方面介绍了加州在电动汽车与电网互动相关基础工作方面的最新进展;最后,结合中国电动汽车与电网互动发展实际提出了有关建议。

基于集对分析和证据理论的电能表运行状态评估

为及时准确地评估电能表的运行状态,提出一种基于集对分析和证据理论的电能表运行状态评估方法。首先根据电能表自身基础、在线监测及现场检测信息,建立电能表运行状态评估指标体系。然后运用模糊层次分析法和熵权法分别确定各指标的主客观权重,运用博弈论和变权理论确定各指标的组合权重与变权重。之后运用集对分析法确定各指标与各状态等级间的联系度,采用证据理论对各指标的联系度进行合成。最后利用最大隶属度原则与信度准则共同判定电能表的运行状态等级。实例分析结果表明,该方法与电能表的实际运行情况相符,且评估结果准确直观,与模糊综合评价法和集对分析法相比,该方法在状态等级区分度上达到了0.5256,明显高于模糊综合评价法的0.3024及集对分析法的0.1483,具有较好的区分度,为电能表的状态评估提供了一种新的思路。

面向多目标优化主动运维的电能表远程在线评价系统设计

针对传统电能表远程在线评价系统中存在的系统建造成本耗费较大、评价结构过于繁琐等问题,从评价系统的构建和评价算法两方面开展研究。在评价系统的设计方面,加入反馈,使得该评价系统不仅可以整合各项评价指标进行规律化的采集,还可以对评价指标进行实时反馈,提高了评价的效率和评价信息传输的效率。在评价算法方面,基于解耦评价算法对电能表的运行状态和采集数据进行评价,对数据信息进行归纳处理,并根据大量的数据样本进行条理化分析评价。通过仿真实验可知,硬件反馈线路的数据传输效率高达98.6%,具有很好的传输能力。

基于混合铁心的新型电流互感器研究

传统电流互感器铁心饱和会导致其二次电流波形发生畸变,进而可能影响电能计量的精度或引起继电保护设备错误动作,威胁电网的安全稳定运行。针对此类问题,提出了基于混合铁心的新型电流互感器(CCCT)。CCCT主要由混合铁心、二次绕组、二次电阻、磁场传感器与信号处理电路组成,其中混合铁心包含完整的内铁心与带气隙的外铁心,磁场传感器放置在外铁心的气隙中,其输出信号用于补偿发生畸变的二次电流。为验证该结构的有效性,进行了有限元仿真,制作了CCCT样机并进行了正弦交流电流、正弦半波电流、短路电流和直流电流的测量实验。有限元仿真与实验结果表明,CCCT在额定电流下的复合误差小于0.2%,稳态对称短路电流下的复合误差为2.04%,暂态短路电流下的峰值瞬时误差为4.25%,直流条件下输出与输入的拟合优度为0.999 9,既基本保留了传统电流互感器的测量精度,也具有良好的暂态响应特性与抗直流特性,可同时满足相关标准对测量、保护用电流互感器的精度要求,具备在实际工程中应用的潜力。

电驱排种施肥免耕播种机保护性耕作效果试验

针对保护性耕作技术要求,应用自主设计的气吸式电驱动排种施肥免耕播种机进行了保护性耕作效果试验研究。对控制系统进行调试,计算电驱动排种控制系统播种间距调节误差,检测免耕播种机作业效果,监测试验地块出苗率与产量。研究结果表明:在高留茬秸秆全量覆盖还田免耕播种模式下使用自主设计的免耕播种机进行作业,播种间距、播种深度和种肥间距合格率均能达到农艺要求,试验地块产量较相邻传统耕作模式地块产量高4.3%。研究结果可为免耕播种机设计和保护性耕作技术推广提供参考。

基于改进用电碳计量的绿电市场-碳市场联动交易

为充分发挥绿电消纳的减碳作用,从用电侧碳减排的角度提出用电碳排放核算与绿电交易的认证方法,构建实现碳交易与绿电交易联动的日前零售市场交易模型。首先,明确用电侧的碳排放责任,通过区分不同属性电力的用电碳排放因子改进用电侧的碳计量方法;然后,提出以绿色证书为纽带的绿电交易与用电碳排放的互认机制,通过绿色证书抵消碳排放实现碳市场与绿电市场的联动交易;最后,构建考虑绿电市场和碳市场联动的日前零售市场交易主从博弈模型,并给出求解方法。算例仿真表明,所提方法可以激励用户调整用电结构,主动促进新能源电力消纳,从而降低碳排放。

DCS控制器中电表接触传感器计量误差检测方法

由于DCS控制器中电表传感器在计量检测过程中,传统的B-MAC-DCS协议能耗和丢包率较高,无法缓解汇聚节点的漏斗效应,导致在远程抄表过程中传感器计量误差增大。提出一种机械电表接触传感器计量误差检测方法。采用小波基函数对DCS控制器中的接触传感器计量数据抗干扰处理,并通过动态选取阈值的方法,对经过小波变换后的数据去除噪声。使用低功耗自适应集簇分层型(low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy,LEACH)协议分簇代替传统的B-MAC协议;根据簇内监测值,引入阈值分析方法获取传感器计量指标,并将其作为判定依据进行误差检测,根据计量指标的变化情况判断是否存在计量误差。实验结果表明,所提方法可以准确且有效检测出机械电表接触传感器计量误差,解决DCS中机械电表的运行隐患问题。

计及电量交易信息的用电碳计量方法

充分挖掘电碳耦合价值,构建电碳协同市场是实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的重要抓手。电碳信息的耦合依赖一套合理、有效的用电碳计量体系,但我国现行用电碳计量体系中尚未考虑电量交易信息的影响,不能完全厘清每个电量交易行为背后蕴含的碳排放责任。针对此问题,该文从碳排放流理论出发,提出一套计及电量交易行为的用电碳计量新方法。首先,根据碳排放流理论的计算特性,针对有损网络建立其无损等效网络模型;之后,将交易电量和非交易流电量拆解开来,并分别根据其电量来源独立核算其产生的对应碳排放责任。该文方法严格遵守直接和间接碳排放的总量守恒原则,能够厘清电量交易行为背后蕴含的碳排放责任转移,且能够兼顾碳排放因子的时空差异性量化需求,进而具备引导用户开展低碳需求响应的能力。基于PJM-5节点系统和我国某地市实际数据开展仿真分析,仿真结果验证该文方法的有效性。