In this paper,the chaotic behaviors in an erbium-doped fiber（EDF） single-ring laser（EDFSRL） are investigated experimentally by using the loss modulation method.An electro-optic modulator（EOM） made of LiNbO 3 cry...In this paper,the chaotic behaviors in an erbium-doped fiber（EDF） single-ring laser（EDFSRL） are investigated experimentally by using the loss modulation method.An electro-optic modulator（EOM） made of LiNbO 3 crystal is added to the system.Thus,by changing the modulation voltage and the modulation frequency of the EOM,the freedom of the EDFSRL system is increased.The chaotic characteristics of the system are studied by observing the time series and the power spectra.The experimental results indicate that the erbium-doped fiber single-ring laser system can enter into chaos states through period-doubling bifurcation and intermittency routes.展开更多
Conversion of LCO(light cycle oil)to BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylene)is an economically valuable method for refineries.However,this approach still faces difficulties as the main reactions are not clearly understood.Her...Conversion of LCO(light cycle oil)to BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylene)is an economically valuable method for refineries.However,this approach still faces difficulties as the main reactions are not clearly understood.Here we study the detailed hydrocracking pathway of typical reactants,1-methylnaphthalene and tetralin,through molecular simulations and experiments to improve our understanding of the conversion process of LCO to BTX.Molecular simulations demonstrate that the rate-determining step is the isomerization pathway of six-membered ring to five-membered ring in tetralin as its activation energy(ΔEa)is the highest among all the reactions and the order ofΔEa of reactions is isomerization>ring-opening≈side-chain cleavage.The results of experiments show that with the increase in reaction depth,i.e.,through a high temperature(350-370℃)and low LHSV(4.5-6.0 h^(−1)),isomerization,ring-opening,and side-chain cleavage reactions occurred,thus improving the selectivity and yield of alkyl aromatics.展开更多
Understanding bend loss in single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fibers(PCFs)is becoming of increasing importance as the fibers enter practical applications.While purely numerical approaches are useful,there is a n...Understanding bend loss in single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fibers(PCFs)is becoming of increasing importance as the fibers enter practical applications.While purely numerical approaches are useful,there is a need for a simpler analytical formalism that provides physical insight and can be directly used in the design of PCFs with low bend loss.We show theoretically and experimentally that a wavelength-dependent critical bend radius exists below which the bend loss reaches a maximum,and that this can be calculated from the structural parameters of a fiber using a simple analytical formula.This allows straightforward design of single-ring PCFs that are bend-insensitive for specified ranges of bend radius and wavelength.It also can be used to derive an expression for the bend radius that yields optimal higher-order mode suppression for a given fiber structure.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province,China (Grant No. 20090309)
文摘In this paper,the chaotic behaviors in an erbium-doped fiber（EDF） single-ring laser（EDFSRL） are investigated experimentally by using the loss modulation method.An electro-optic modulator（EOM） made of LiNbO 3 crystal is added to the system.Thus,by changing the modulation voltage and the modulation frequency of the EOM,the freedom of the EDFSRL system is increased.The chaotic characteristics of the system are studied by observing the time series and the power spectra.The experimental results indicate that the erbium-doped fiber single-ring laser system can enter into chaos states through period-doubling bifurcation and intermittency routes.
基金This work was financially supported by the SINOPEC Science and technology Development Funds(No.12005-1)the Hydrogenation Process and Hydrogenation Catalyst Laboratory(RIPP,SINOPEC).
文摘Conversion of LCO(light cycle oil)to BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylene)is an economically valuable method for refineries.However,this approach still faces difficulties as the main reactions are not clearly understood.Here we study the detailed hydrocracking pathway of typical reactants,1-methylnaphthalene and tetralin,through molecular simulations and experiments to improve our understanding of the conversion process of LCO to BTX.Molecular simulations demonstrate that the rate-determining step is the isomerization pathway of six-membered ring to five-membered ring in tetralin as its activation energy(ΔEa)is the highest among all the reactions and the order ofΔEa of reactions is isomerization>ring-opening≈side-chain cleavage.The results of experiments show that with the increase in reaction depth,i.e.,through a high temperature(350-370℃)and low LHSV(4.5-6.0 h^(−1)),isomerization,ring-opening,and side-chain cleavage reactions occurred,thus improving the selectivity and yield of alkyl aromatics.
文摘Understanding bend loss in single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fibers(PCFs)is becoming of increasing importance as the fibers enter practical applications.While purely numerical approaches are useful,there is a need for a simpler analytical formalism that provides physical insight and can be directly used in the design of PCFs with low bend loss.We show theoretically and experimentally that a wavelength-dependent critical bend radius exists below which the bend loss reaches a maximum,and that this can be calculated from the structural parameters of a fiber using a simple analytical formula.This allows straightforward design of single-ring PCFs that are bend-insensitive for specified ranges of bend radius and wavelength.It also can be used to derive an expression for the bend radius that yields optimal higher-order mode suppression for a given fiber structure.
