Contourlet watermarking algorithm based on Arnold scrambling and singular value decomposition

A new digital watermarking algorithm based on the contourlet transform is proposed to improve the robustness and anti-attack performances of digital watermarking. The algorithm uses the Arnold scrambling technique and the singular value decomposition （SVD） scheme. The Arnold scrambling technique is used to preprocess the watermark, and the SVD scheme is used to find the best suitable hiding points. After the contourlet transform of the carrier image, intermediate frequency sub-bands are decomposed to obtain the singularity values. Then the watermark bits scrambled in the Arnold rules are dispersedly embedded into the selected SVD points. Finally, the inverse contourlet transform is applied to obtain the carrier image with the watermark. In the extraction part, the watermark can be extracted by the semi-blind watermark extracting algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better hiding and robustness performances than the traditional contourlet watermarking algorithm and the contourlet watermarking algorithm with SVD. Meanwhile, it has good robustness performances when the embedded watermark is attacked by Gaussian noise, salt- and-pepper noise, multiplicative noise, image scaling and image cutting attacks, etc. while security is ensured.

The Singular Value Decomposition Analysis between Summer Precipitation in the Dongting Lake Region and the Global Sea Surface Temperature

By dint of the summer precipitation data from 21 stations in the Dongting Lake region during 1960-2008 and the sea surface temperature(SST) data from NOAA,the spatial and temporal distributions of summer precipitation and their correlations with SST are analyzed.The coupling relationship between the anomalous distribution in summer precipitation and the variation of SST has between studied with the Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) analysis.The increase or decrease of summer precipitation in the Dongting Lake region is closely associated with the SST anomalies in three key regions.The variation of SST in the three key regions has been proved to be a significant previous signal to anomaly of summer rainfall in Dongting region.

基于APSO-SSD-SVD的特高压换流站OLTC振动信号降噪方法

随着中国特高压交直流换流站的大规模投运,有载分接开关(on-load tap changer, OLTC)已成为特高压换流站中发生故障较多的设备之一。针对强背景噪声环境下特高压换流站OLTC故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于自适应粒子群算法优化奇异谱分解和奇异值分解的方法。首先,利用自适应粒子群优化(adaptive particle swarm optimization, APSO)算法对奇异谱分解算法中的模态参数进行优化,选取最优分解模态数。其次,基于最大峭度准则选取最佳奇异谱分量。然后,确定最佳重构阶数,通过奇异值分解重构信号,从而达到信号降噪的目的。将所提方法应用于仿真信号和实验信号,结果表明所提方法的信噪比达到23.302,均方根误差仅为0.004,并且波形相似参数高达0.998,优于其他降噪方法。所提方法能够更有效地实现对特高压换流站OLTC振动信号的降噪,为辅助运维人员诊断OLTC状态提供参考。

Analysis of heart rate variability based on singular value decomposition entropy

Assessing the dynamics of heart rate fluctuations can provide valuable information about heart status. In this study, regularity of heart rate variability （HRV） of heart failure patients and healthy persons using the concept of singular value decomposition entropy （SvdEn） is analyzed. SvdEn is calculated from the time series using normalized singular values. The advantage of this method is its simplicity and fast computation. It enables analysis of very short and non-stationary data sets. The results show that SvdEn of patients with congestive heart failure （CHF） shows a low value （SvdEn： 0.056±0.006, p 〈 0.01） which can be completely separated from healthy subjects. In addition, differences of SvdEn values between day and night are found for the healthy groups. SvdEn decreases with age. The lower the SvdEn values, the higher the risk of heart disease. Moreover, SvdEn is associated with the energy of heart rhythm. The results show that using SvdEn for discriminating HRV in different physiological states for clinical applications is feasible and simple.

Detection and correction of level echo based on generalized S-transform and singular value decomposition

The echo of the material level is non-stationary and contains many singularities.The echo contains false echoes and noise,which affects the detection of the material level signals,resulting in low accuracy of material level measurement.A new method for detecting and correcting the material level signal is proposed,which is based on the generalized S-transform and singular value decomposition(GST-SVD).In this project,the change of material level is regarded as the low speed moving target.First,the generalized S-transform is performed on the echo signals.During the transformation process,the variation trend of window of the generalized S-transform is adjusted according to the frequency distribution characteristics of the material level echo signal,achieving the purpose of detecting the signal.Secondly,the SVD is used to reconstruct the time-frequency coefficient matrix.At last,the reconstructed time-frequency matrix performs an inverse transform.The experimental results show that the method can accurately detect the material level echo signal,and it can reserve the detailed characteristics of the signal while suppressing the noise,and reduce the false echo interference.Compared with other methods,the material level measurement error does not exceed 4.01%,and the material level measurement accuracy can reach 0.40%F.S.

基于SVD-K-means算法的软扩频信号伪码序列盲估计

针对通信中软扩频信号伪码序列盲估计困难的问题,提出一种奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)和K-means聚类相结合的方法。该方法先对接收信号按照一倍伪码周期进行不重叠分段构造数据矩阵。其次对数据矩阵和相似性矩阵分别进行SVD完成对伪码序列集合规模数的估计、数据降噪、粗分类以及初始聚类中心的选取。最后通过K-means算法优化分类结果,得到伪码序列的估计值。该算法在聚类之前事先确定聚类数目,大大减少了迭代次数。同时实验结果表明,该算法在信息码元分组小于5 bit,信噪比大于-10 dB时可以准确估计出软扩频信号的伪码序列,性能较同类算法有所提升。

The Singular Value Decomposition as a Tool of Investigating Central MHD Instabilities in the HL-1M Tokamak

A variety of strong MHD instabilities are always resulted from MHD activity of Tokamak plasmas. Central MHD instabilities can be observed with pinhole cameras to record soft x-ray (SXR) emission from the plasma along many chords with a high temporal resolution. The investigation of MHD instabilities often necessitates an analysis on spatial-temporal signals. The method of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) can split such signals into orthogonal spatial and temporal vectors. By this means, the repetition time and the characteristic radius of various MHD phenomena such as sawteeth and snake-like perturbation can be obtained. Moreover, the (1,1) MHD mode is analyzed in great detail by SVD and used to determine the radius of the q = 1 surface.

Hand-eye calibration with a new linear decomposition algorithm

To solve the homogeneous transformation equation of the form AX=XB in hand-eye calibration, where X represents an unknown transformation from the camera to the robot hand, and A and B denote the known movement transformations associated with the robot hand and the camera, respectively, this paper introduces a new linear decomposition algorithm which consists of singular value decomposition followed by the estimation of the optimal rotation matrix and the least squares equation to solve the rotation matrix of X. Without the requirements of traditional methods that A and B be rigid transformations with the same rotation angle, it enables the extension to non-rigid transformations for A and B. The details of our method are given, together with a short discussion of experimental results, showing that more precision and robustness can be achieved.

二级减速器故障系统建模及SVD-MMSE劣化评估

为检测故障齿轮劣化程度并进行有效的程度评估,通过有限元法建立含有正常、裂纹和断齿等3种齿轮状态的二级直齿轮减速器系统模型。首先,分别计算3种状态的齿轮时变啮合刚度,并综合考虑轴承支撑刚度,得到了3种不同状态下的轴承振动响应;其次,引入多元多尺度样本熵(multivariate multiscale sample entropy,简称MMSE)对故障齿轮的劣化程度进行分析;最后,引进奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,简称SVD)算法进行预处理,以达到更好的诊断效果来综合评定故障齿轮生命周期的劣化程度。结果表明:齿轮发生故障时,主要导致时频域信号发生转频调制,时域存在有规律的冲击,频域出现边频带,且分布在输入轴的转频及其倍频和啮频及其倍频处;随着故障程度的增加,劣化越发明显,频率成分也发生改变,致使MMSE值也随之变化,且整体呈单调递减趋势;SVD-MMSE算法能有效地对齿轮故障程度进行判别,降低了噪声对于劣化程度检测准确性的影响。

DeepSVDNet:A Deep Learning-Based Approach for Detecting and Classifying Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Images

Artificial Intelligence(AI)is being increasingly used for diagnosing Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy(VTDR),which is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide.However,previous automated VTDR detection methods have mainly relied on manual feature extraction and classification,leading to errors.This paper proposes a novel VTDR detection and classification model that combines different models through majority voting.Our proposed methodology involves preprocessing,data augmentation,feature extraction,and classification stages.We use a hybrid convolutional neural network-singular value decomposition(CNN-SVD)model for feature extraction and selection and an improved SVM-RBF with a Decision Tree(DT)and K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN)for classification.We tested our model on the IDRiD dataset and achieved an accuracy of 98.06%,a sensitivity of 83.67%,and a specificity of 100%for DR detection and evaluation tests,respectively.Our proposed approach outperforms baseline techniques and provides a more robust and accurate method for VTDR detection.

基于SVD-Schmidt正交化的压缩感知测量矩阵的优化

压缩感知(CS)理论中测量矩阵的性能优劣直接影响信号重构性能。为了优化测量矩阵提高其重构性能,本文提出了一种基于奇异值分解-施密特(SVD-Schmidt)正交化的CS测量矩阵优化方法。首先对测量矩阵进行奇异值分解(SVD)并选择最大的奇异值替换原来的奇异值形成新的矩阵,同时对其进行施密特正交化,对矩阵的列进行单位化,通过行和列不断循环交替自适应迭代优化得到优化后的测量矩阵。通过一维信号和二维图像的仿真实验验证所提方法的优越性。一方面,本文方法优化的测量矩阵互相关性明显降低;另一方面,实验仿真结果证明了测量矩阵经过优化之后提高了信号重构性能,本文方法重构性能优于现有的SVD法和特征值分解法。

基于DT-CWT和SVD的变电站直流系统接地故障检测技术研究

变电站直流系统的状态直接关系到变电站的正常运行,为了对变电站直流系统出现的接地故障快速、准确定位,提出了一种双树复小波变换(DT-CWT)和奇异值分解(SVD)相结合的变电站直流系统接地故障检测新方法。该方法首先利用DT-CWT对支路电流信号进行分解来构建Hankel矩阵;然后对Hankel矩阵进行SVD分解,得到一系列奇异特征值;再次,利用相邻奇异值差值构建奇异值差分谱,通过奇异值差分谱最大峰值来保留有效的奇异值个数;最后,利用保留的奇异值来重构低频信号。算例分析结果表明,该方法能够准确地从支路电流信号中提取出低频交流信号,可以对变电站直流系统接地故障进行准确定位,很大程度上减小对地电容对检测精度的影响。

基于改进TVF-EMD与SVD的轴承故障特征提取

滚动轴承早期故障信号微弱,故障特征难以提取。针对此问题,提出一种基于时变滤波经验模态分解(TVF-EMD)模态分量自适应融合与奇异值分解(SVD)降噪的轴承早期故障特征提取方法。为了降低故障信号的非线性和非平稳性,通过TVF-EMD将轴承信号分解为一系列本征模态函数(IMF)。为了克服TVF-EMD分解后IMF分量过多的不足,构造包络故障信息能量占比(EREFI)指标,通过EREFI对IMF分量进行降序排列,并依据包络故障信息能量占比递增原则对IMF分量依次进行融合,直至找到最优融合分量。最后,通过SVD对最优融合分量降噪,并提取故障特征。通过仿真信号以及2个实测轴承故障信号对所提方法性能进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:所提方法具有良好的敏感特征筛选融合能力和降噪能力,能更准确提取出轴承早期故障特征,实现故障类型的准确识别。

基于SVD-IACMD的GIS振动信号去噪算法

振动测量对发现气体绝缘开关设备(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)潜在性缺陷具有重要意义,但GIS本体振动信号易受基础振动、测量噪声以及环境噪声的影响,使得现场GIS振动带电检测和机械缺陷诊断的效果较差。针对此问题,提出一种基于奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)-改进自适应啁啾模态分解(improve adaptive chirp mode decomposition,IACMD)的现场振动信号降噪算法。该方法首先利用SVD对原始振动信号进行预处理,滤除低频基础振动和测量噪声,其次利用鱼鹰优化算法(osprey optimization algorithm,OOA)对处理后的信号进行自适应模态分解,得到分解后的固有模态(intrinsic mode functions,IMF)分量,再利用互相关系数筛选有效分量重构振动信号。模拟信号与现场信号测试结果表明:与OOA-自适应啁啾模态分解(adaptive chirp mode decomposition,ACMD)和SVD-变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)相比,所提出的SVD-IACMD算法可以去除基础振动、测量噪声和环境噪声,保留GIS本体振动的基频和谐波分量,为GIS现场抗干扰振动检测和机械缺陷诊断提供技术支持。

基于SVD-SUKF的水下机器人电池SOC估计

荷电状态(SOC)的准确估计关系到水下机器人的电池使用效率与任务规划。针对传统SOC估计算法存在的准确性、稳定性和鲁棒性不足等问题,提出一种奇异值分解增强的球型无迹卡尔曼滤波(SVD-SUKF)SOC估计算法。建立2阶Thevenin电路模型,并使用遗忘因子递推最小二乘法对模型参数进行在线辨识;在无迹卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上引入球型无迹变换和奇异值分解,避免繁琐的调参过程、减少算法计算量以及解决算法的协方差矩阵非正定问题;采用城市道路循环工况对SVD-SUKF算法进行验证。结果表明:SVD-SUKF算法收敛速度较快,平均绝对值误差为0.006 8、均方根误差为0.005 6,算法相较于扩展卡尔曼滤波和无迹卡尔曼滤波有更高的估计精度、更好的稳定性和更强的鲁棒性。

高速列车万向轴动不平衡检测的EEMD-Hankel-SVD方法

针对聚合经验模式分解(Ensemble empirical model decomposition,EEMD)的等效滤波特性依然存在模式分量间频带重叠较大的根本缺陷,提出一种高速列车万向轴动不平衡动态检测的新方法。该方法的核心是对万向节安装机座的振动信号进行EEMD分解得到基本模式分量,应用基本模式分量信号来构造Hankel矩阵,对该矩阵进行正交化奇异值(Singular value decomposition,SVD)分解,以奇异值关键叠层作为奇异值的选择准则对信号进行重构,应用重构信号的傅里叶谱来检测高速列车万向轴的动不平衡,消除EEMD分解模式频带重叠对故障特征的淹没和混淆效应,提高了谱的清晰度,凸显了故障特征。应用万向轴动不平衡试验数据对该方法进行试验验证,结果表明,该方法能够有效检测万向轴动不平衡引起的故障特征和万向轴的固有振动特征,与纯EEMD方法相比,该方法在谱的清晰度和故障表征力上得到了显著提高。

基于整数小波变换和SVD的视频水印算法

提出了一种以二值图像为水印的混合整数小波变换和奇异值分解的视频水印盲提取算法。对水印图像进行混沌加密和Arnold置乱处理,选择计算复杂度低的直方图算法将视频分割为若干场景;借助密钥随机选取某些场景的亮度分量进行l级整数小波变换,再对低频子带进行分块的奇异值分解;采用量化的方法,将预处理后的水印图像嵌入奇异值分解后的最大奇异值中。在嵌入了水印的视频场景中提取所有的水印版本之后,利用对提取的所有水印信号版本进行统计求和的方法得到最终提取的水印图像。实验表明,提出的算法具有较好的透明性,对常见的处理具有较好的鲁棒性。

基于SVD和TKEO的轴承振动信号特征提取

为了解决滚动轴承振动信号中微弱故障信息难以提取的问题,提出了一种基于奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)和Teager-Kaiser能量算子(Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator,TKEO)的轴承振动信号特征提取方法。采用SVD将突变信息从背景噪声和光滑信号中分离,提取信号的突变信息;利用TKEO计算突变信息的瞬时能量,对该能量信号进行频谱分析,从而提取出轴承振动信号的能量频谱特征,用于故障检测。将该方法应用于轴承外圈、内圈局部故障状态下的振动信号特征提取,利用特征信息能够准确检测并识别出故障类型,表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。

应用SVD分解简化卡尔曼增益计算的理论研究

在总结前人关于卡尔曼滤波简化的基础上,提出了一种新的简化方法,即利用矩阵的奇异值将数据矩阵进行SVD分解,从而得到能够描述原状态向量的新的较少维数向量的有效秩,根据该有效秩,不仅可以得到和前人相一致的简化表达形式,而且可以得到舍去部分的表达公式.经过和HAMSOM模式结合,利用渤海区域的SST进行同化实验验证,证明SVD分解简化可行.推求得到的附加的舍去误差公式为定性的讨论舍去部分的影响提供了理论基础.

基于SVD降噪和盲信号分离的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承早期微弱故障特征信号往往淹没于系统噪声信号中而难于识别,奇异值分解技术(SVD)可以有效降低噪声水平,提高周期成分的提取能力,盲源分离技术可以分离故障源信号并提取故障特征。将奇异值分解技术和盲信号分离技术的优势应用于滚动轴承故障诊断,利用奇异值分解降噪特性消除系统信号中的混合噪声,对降噪后的信号通过盲信号分离技术进行盲源分离,提取出原始故障信号。数值仿真及实验结果表明,该方法可以成功地分离出滚动轴承实测信号的典型故障,提高滚动轴承故障诊断的效果。