Research on Wireless Monitoring Technology of the Well Site Environment

Based on the characteristics of wireless communication technology and Wireless Sensor Network, this paper studies the well site environmental monitoring system. The relevant hardware and software of the system are designed to monitor the well site environment, thus preventing downhole accidents. The system uses the wireless ZigBee technology as the transmission mode, and combines the virtual instrument technology to design the upper machine interface. The test results show that the system can monitor the outdoor environment in real time. When the environmental parameters exceed the set value, the corresponding location of the LabVIEW interface will send an alarm.

Paleosalinity in the Tianluoshan site and the correlation between the Hemudu culture and its environmental background

Paleosalinity records of the Tianluoshan site are derived from measurations data of clay mineral, boron, strontium, barium, after field sampling in three profiles of the Tianluoshan site. The relative sea level changes are discussed according to the lab results. The record indicates that the region where the Tianluoshan site located has witnessed at least three times of relative sea level high-stand before, during and after the Hemudu period. Based on previous researches, this paper also focuses on discussing several environmental elements, the inter-relationships between environmental condition, human activities and development of the Hemudu culture comprehensively.

Impact of Holocene environmental change on temporal-spatial distribution of Neolithic sites in Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province

The Huaihe River basin of Anhui is not only a transitional zone of physical geography, but also a convergent area of many cultures in China. It is one of the sensitive ecotones to global changes and the birthplace of Chinese civilization. Using the field archaeological data and the sporo-pollens and the age data of the drilling cores, we analysed Neolithic cultural development and environmental evolution in the Huaihe River basin of Anhui. According to the combination of some research results in archaeology with environmental evolution research, this paper discusses the relationship between culture and environment in the Huaihe River basin of Anhui. The Neolithic cultural development was strongly impacted by the environmental change. The primitive culture （Shishanzi） was developed in the beginning of the Holocene Megathermal Period with distinct regional feature of the culture. From 6.5 kaBP to 5.5 kaBP, the climate changed warmer and wetter. The frequent occurrence of flood and waterlog due to such a climate regime and high sea level caused the earth＇s surface environment deteriorated in the Huaihe River basin of Anhui and the interruption of the Neolithic cultural development, hence a lack of archaeological sites. From 5.5 kaBP to 4.0 kaBP, the climate changed from wet to dry, the natural environment was propitious to human survival. Dawenkou Culture and Longshan Culture flourished in this period. The Neolithic cultural development, the number of the sites and their distribution characteristics of the sites in the study area differed apparently from those in Central China and Shandong Province.

Geo-environmental Investigations for the Suitability of TSDF Site

A geo-environmental investigation is carried out to identify the suitability for treatment,storage and disposal facility(TSDF) in the industrial area at Perundurai,Tamilnadu(India).State industries promotion corporation of Tamilnadu(SIPCOT), Perundurai is a fast growing industrial centre therefore,needs a common utility i.e.TSDF site for safe management of the industrial wastes.

Environmental archaeology on Longshan Culture （4500-4000 aBP） at Yuhuicun Site in Bengbu, Anhui Province

Based on the samples collected from the west wall of the ABYT2004 at Yuhuicun Site in Bengbu, Anhui Province, the multi-environmental substitute indexes such as the grain-size, Rb/Sr, zircon crystal morphology and magnetic susceptibility were analyzed. The age of archaeological strata was determined by AMS^14C dating. According to the results, combined with the information of the ancient human activities and the cultural heritage data obtained from the Longshan cultural archaeological strata, it can be concluded that （1） Before 4500 aBP, the climate was humid and water level was high in the Huaihe River and its tributaries, the drainage basin and its surrounding areas were even flooded, so the site area was submerged and there were no human activities around the site. （2） About 4500 aBP, the climate began to become drier and water level of the Huaihe River and its tributaries began to decline, thus floodplain gradually appeared, Yuhuicun Site and Longshan Culture began to appear. （3） Around 4100 aBP, the climate was humid and rainfall was abundant, which resulted in frequent flood disasters in the whole Huaihe River Basin. （4） After 4100 aBP, the climate gradually transited to be cold and dry, agricultural production was constrained to reduce the food source, Yuhuicun Site was almost abandoned. （5） The environmental information in sedimentary strata and historical records based on ancient books agree with each other. In addition, Yuhuicun Site was related to Dayu Zhishui （Yu the Great in taming the floods） in ancient books.

Phytocenoses at Environments Contact Sites as Proxies of Climate Dynamics with Time (East Siberia, Russia)

Usage of methods for determination of long-term trends of the dynamics of vegetation formation on the background of climate changes becomes more and more important at modern stage of the assessment of natural systems development. This causes to researchers a series of problems from choice of conceptual base to notions and terms of the processes identified and of state of vegetation of different environments. Solution of such a task results inevitably in necessity to correct the understanding of existing processes occurring in the vegetation cover. It allows establishing a direction of their development in the system of natural factors of any territory. As a result, we have base for determination of age, site and role of current state of phytocenoses in successional systems. It is necessary for this to reveal the peculiarities of phytocenoses composition and formation due to climate dynamics and to determine a period of ecosystems homeostasis, especially for phytocenoses of contact natural conditions. Optimal values of phytocenoses diversity, like one of whole biosystems, depend on the amount of resource in the environment, on stability degree and on evolutional development of cenoses due to ecological, micro-evolutional and evolutional processes.

关中盆地新石器时期水沟遗址人类活动与自然地理环境适宜性研究

本研究通过对关中盆地西部新石器时期水沟遗址人类活动的灰坑、文化层、房址、陶窑和陶器等遗迹、遗物做了详细的梳理分析,理解区域古人类活动的特征,系统地开展水沟文化层剖面环境磁学和AMS14C年代学研究,恢复该区全新世以来气候变化和古人类活动历史,结果表明:水沟新石器时期古人类活动时间为全新世中期5 530~4 300 a B.P.的气候适宜期,其文化发展处在寒冷干燥向温暖湿润转换的过渡阶段。在GIS空间分析技术支持下提取影响水沟遗迹分布的海拔、坡度、坡向和距水源距离因子,构建指数模型,分析新石器时期水沟遗址古人类活动的自然地理环境适宜性分布规律,主要集中在海拔900~960 m,坡度小于6°,坡向朝南,距水源距离小于200 m的自然环境条件优越的区域,并进一步探讨了古人类活动对环境变化的响应与适应的过程和机制。

Benefits of Environmental Site Assessment Standards in China

1.Preface As the fast paced Chinese economy brings more and more direct and indirect affects into ourlives,environmental protection has become one ofthe most popular subjects of recent times.

“双碳”背景下钢铁新产线选址的环境结合度评价——以中国宝武为例

为准确测度“双碳”(即碳达峰、碳中和的合称)背景下具体工业门类选址与环境体系的结合发展实效,通过研究钢铁新产线的选址取向及环境关切转变,提出新产线选址的环境结合度评价框架。通过数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)模型计算环境-经济效率,通过动态综合评价模型揭示时间序列上效率的变化特征,以构建一套钢铁新产线选址的环境结合度评价方法,进而对中国宝武钢铁集团部分生产基地开展实证分析。评价结果为上海宝山基地的环境结合度最高。研究表明:环境结合度是“双碳”背景下钢铁新产线向既有基地选址时主要的环境关切,而环境结合度的评价框架和评价方法可有效表征连续时间序列上既有基地与所在城市环境体系的互促共进态势,对大型钢企未来选址新产线具有一定指导作用。

不同土地利用方式下的场地土壤环境容量评价

从土壤功能和环境风险的角度出发,结合我国具体实际,对场地土壤的不同土地利用方式进行分类,以人体健康、地下水安全、土壤生物为敏感受体,研究在不同土地利用方式下基于不同敏感受体的综合土壤环境阈值计算方法,构建场地土壤环境容量的评价方法.在此基础上,以重金属Cd为模式污染物,计算了我国红壤区不同土地利用方式下的土壤环境容量,对场地土壤环境容量的评价方法进行验证.公园用地、居住用地、工矿用地和商服用地的土壤Cd环境容量分别为11.68kg/hm^(2)、28.89kg/hm^(2)、40.84kg/hm^(2)和40.84kg/hm^(2).本研究为基于不同敏感受体的场地土壤的环境阈值和环境容量评估提供了参考方法和案例,为场地土壤环境容量的评价奠定科学基础,对提升我国场地土壤的环境管理水平具有重要意义.

某化工场地土壤有机污染及环境风险研究

为深入研究和探讨废弃化工场地的有机污染现状和环境风险问题,本文选择河北邯郸某化工场地,开展场地及周边区域的污染判别和分析,确定重点关注区、次重点关注区和一般关注区,进行针对性的不同深度土壤样品采集,分析土壤中重金属、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)、半挥发性有机化合物(SVOCs)和总石油烃类等污染物质的含量,综合研究土壤污染的现状情况和空间分布特征,运用污染物苯、人体接触污染介质、污染物苯的迁移途径、污染物的接触方式等要素的污染评估模型,经污染物暴露计算模型、污染物毒性评估模型、风险计算模型进行综合建模研究,确定挥发性有机物(VOCs)苯存在较大的致癌环境风险,研究苯污染物环境传输模型和迁移规律。该研究为污染场地环境风险研究提供技术研究思路,也为污染场地开展风险评估、土壤治理和土地利用规划提供基础依据,实现污染土地的环境安全再利用。

整体环境观视角下巴渝地区衙署选址研究

衙署作为中央在地方实现政权传达的载体,其营建需权衡既定规制并观照在地“形胜”以循势平衡.巴渝地区衙署选址便在多山多水的自然条件与博采融汇的人文情境影响下展现鲜明地域特色.通过田野调查、文献稽考与图示分析等方法,以整体环境观视角梳理巴渝衙署选址的自然人文环境背景,分析其受风水学说与山地观念、礼法规范与权力象征、防御思维与时局意识的三大因素影响,归纳了巴渝地区衙署观照山水下适应性落位、礼教规制下在地化因循、因战事需要防御式转变的选址智慧,总结出其选址经历因应外界条件与主动参与城市形塑的“地文”系统组织过程规律.整体环境观视角下巴渝地区衙署的选址研究还提示着其遗存保护或遗址复建工作应形成统筹古城形态与山水风景资源的工作路径.

月球科研站关键区域智能选址及其典型环境要素分析

为服务未来国际月球科研站(ILRS)任务,搜索到符合科学目标和工程安全要求的探测区域,开展了着陆探测智能选址,以及着陆区典型要素和巡视可达性的综合分析。在着陆选址方面,基于1D-CNN选址模型在南极Scott M的西南侧遴选并划定了4个预选着陆区;针对着陆区关键要素,对实时光照和辐射、物理温度剖面、水冰赋存等环境特征进行了遥感探测与精细分析;针对巡视可达评估,采用顾及能量耗费的路径规划模型,评估预选着陆区中心点至潜在水冰点的巡视可达性。结果表明,预选着陆区均满足着陆适宜性,具有地形安全性高、供能高等特征。该研究的综合分析方法也可用于评估其他潜在着陆区的典型环境特征,为ILRS的着陆选址和科学目标巡视探测提供有益参考。

中国抽水蓄能发展形势和展望

加快发展抽水蓄能是构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统的迫切要求,是保障电力系统安全稳定运行的重要支撑。综合分析了中国抽水蓄能发展的现状、资源分布特点、发展形势、发展定位及其综合效益。在政策研究的基础上,通过分析国际和国内发展现状及趋势,指出抽水蓄能在支撑风、光、核等能源大规模开发、提升电力系统灵活调节能力方面具有重要作用和价值。站点资源普查分析表明,全国共普查出资源站点1500余个,普查站点资源总规模达16亿kW/100亿kW·h。在发展定位方面,指出抽水蓄能对建设新型电力系统、构建风光蓄大型基地和流域水风光一体化基地、规模化拉动经济发展和促进乡村振兴具有重要支撑意义。结合环境效益和综合效益评估,全面论述了抽水蓄能在减少二氧化碳排放、促进电力系统安全稳定运行和经济社会发展方面的重要作用。最后,展望了抽水蓄能行业未来发展的方向,并提出了相应的行业发展建议。相关成果可为中国抽水蓄能产业高质量发展提供理论支撑和实践指导。

场地可持续性设计行动计划SITES引介

可持续场地行动计划SITES是美国风景园林设计师协会于2005年正式启动的研究计划;简介了主要的研究机构美国风景园林设计师协会、伯德约翰逊夫人野花研究中心和美国国家植物园;详细介绍了SITES的研究历程、理论基础与原则、评级体系与指南等主要内容;就其在社会、经济因素的评价尝试、兼顾规划与设计和绩效评价方法等方面进行了讨论。

我国污染场地风险管理制度地方标准规范的分析与展望

我国在土壤环境质量及污染场地风险筛选管理制度的立法上遵循“地方—国家—地方”路线,随着国家标准及技术规范体系的基本完善和土壤修复市场的快速发展,“十四五”期间我国地方污染场地风险筛选管理的立法进程大大加速。本文调研了2019~2023年间我国发布的污染场地风险筛选管理相关的省级或市级标准文件,包括土壤环境质量标准(筛选值)、技术规范、指导性文件3大类别。通过对比地方标准文件对国家标准或技术规范的补充规定,从土壤环境质量标准、风险评估程序、检测结果的统计分析3方面总结了现行地方标准立法的要点。基于现行地方标准文件的立法原则和方向,可为新时代下污染场地精细化风险评估、新污染物治理等方面的国家与地方立法提供参考。

深海科学实验装备发展研究

深海孕育了世界上最大的生态系统,对深海相关演变规律的深刻认知将支撑人类社会的可持续发展;深海极端环境条件决定了开展原位实验作业非常困难,也对深海科学实验装备提出了苛刻的要求。本文从深海科学实验研究的视角出发,按照深海试验装备及试验场、深海原位探测与实验装备、深海环境模拟实验装备的主要划分,系统梳理了国内外深海科学实验装备的发展态势和面临的问题。我国在深海科学实验装备领域已形成了一批自主研发的装备技术,推动了深海科学研究进步,部分优势方向已跻身国际先进水平;但在高精尖装备及其关键核心技术方面未能构建成熟的产业链,导致部分装备发展受限、一些技术薄弱环节凸显。需要加强顶层谋划、协调技术攻关,建立激励机制、推动创新转化,建设示范平台、形成标准体系,突破传感技术、加快国产进程,加强国际合作、提升创新能力,以深海科学实验装备高质量发展推动深海科学研究和海洋强国建设。

基于双曲面弯晶技术的便携式X射线荧光光谱仪快速检测环境水体中重(类)金属元素含量

为解决水中多种重(类)金属的原位、准确、快速、同时监测的实际工作难题,对配有双曲面弯晶的便携式X射线荧光光谱仪在环境水体重(类)金属现场快速检测中的应用可行性进行了全面考察。重(类)金属元素Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd、Mn、Co、TI、V、Sn以及Hg、As、Mo、Se等的低浓度富集模式检出限分布在0.004mg·L^(-1)至0.02mg·^(-1)之间,除Cd、TI、Hg的方法检出限高于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)集中式生活饮用水地表水源地标准限值外,其余各考察元素的方法检出限均低于相关标准限值。富集元素溶解性离子态浓度大于测定下限的,RSD≤25.9%,相对误差≤23.6%。高浓度直接测量模式线性范围内元素的相对偏差≤12.0%,相对误差≤39.9%,高浓度实际水样测试的准确性满足现场快速监测的工作需求。对低浓度环境水体,可以快速有效判断其中以溶解性阴、阳离子形式存在的待测元素含量,直观反映环境水体水质健康状况。配有双曲面弯晶的便携式X射线荧光光谱仪适用于环境水体重(类)金属元素的现场快速定性半定量测定。

多场所实验室环境监测质量管理体系的构建与实践

在事业单位机构改革过程中,部分事业单位的法人资格被重组到上一级机构,而不再具有独立法人资格,其原有的CMA检验检测资质不复存在。撤并以后的环境监测机构各项业务如何融合开展,资质认定如何管理,多个实验室场所质量管理体系如何构建,是当前一些检验检测机构亟待解决的普遍性问题。为此,该研究在优化多场所实验室质量管理体系,制定科学、合理、全面、具备开放性和可拓展的多场所实验室质量管理体系文件方面进行了积极探索。以江西省生态环境监测中心“1+11”多场所实验室质量管理为例,结合江西省环境监测机构改革现状,兼顾资质认定有关法律法规要求,就环境监测多场所实验室提出了一套系统性的质量管理体系构建模式,希望为多场所检验检测机构的质量管理提供借鉴。

某大型汽车制造公司场地土壤与地下水调查评估

为加强地下水环境监督管理,预防和控制污染场地再开发利用对环境和人体健康的危害,故开展地下水基础环境调查评估工作。本次工作选中某汽车制造公司场地,通过资料收集、现场踏勘,对可能的污染进行识别,制订了调查方案,并开展地下水以及土壤的采样和检测工作,综合评估场地环境质量状况,进而明确该场地地下水污染情况,为后续的详细调查方案的制订提供科学指导。该场地地下水水质存在硝酸盐氮、总硬度、耗氧量3个指标超地下水Ⅲ类水标准,超标指标非企业生产过程中产生的特征污染物,且超标倍数较小,无须进行详细调查。这项工作为后续的详细调查方案的制订提供科学指导。