In the standard particle swarm optimization(SPSO),the big problem is that it suffers from premature convergence,that is,in complex optimization problems,it may easily get trapped in local optima.In order to mitigate p...In the standard particle swarm optimization(SPSO),the big problem is that it suffers from premature convergence,that is,in complex optimization problems,it may easily get trapped in local optima.In order to mitigate premature convergence problem,this paper presents a new algorithm,which is called particle swarm optimization(PSO) with directed mutation,or DMPSO.The main idea of this algorithm is to "let the best particle(the smallest fitness of the particle swarm) become more excellent and the worst particle(the largest fitness of the particle swarm) try to be excellent".The new algorithm is tested on a set of eight benchmark functions,and compared with those of other four PSO variants.The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the DMPSO.The comparisons show that DMPSO significantly improves the performance of PSO and searching accuracy.展开更多
To study the rpoB and katG gene mutation rate and its markers.MethodsCross-sectional study methods were used to study Tuberculosis. A total of 45 sputum samples were collected from Annapurna Neurological Institute and...To study the rpoB and katG gene mutation rate and its markers.MethodsCross-sectional study methods were used to study Tuberculosis. A total of 45 sputum samples were collected from Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied sciences. Then, acid fast bacilli staining were performed. Positive and negative samples were carried for conventional polymerase chain reaction identification and electrophoresis.ResultsOut of 45 samples, 3 were acid fast bacilli positive and the rest were negative. Male participants were more as compare to female participants and the mutation in rpoB and katG gene was found similar i.e. 6.66% among the total samples.ConclusionsWe can conclude that genetic mutation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be identified directly from the clinical samples. However, we have carried this study in less sample size and to validate research on large number of sample is recommended.展开更多
Direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs)for hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection are one of the major advances in its medical treatment.The HCV protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir were the first approved DAAs in the ...Direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs)for hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection are one of the major advances in its medical treatment.The HCV protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir were the first approved DAAs in the United States,Europe,and Japan.When combined with peginterferon plus ribavirin,these agents increase sustained virologic response rates to70%-80%in treatment-na?ve patients and previoustreatment relapsers with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection.Without peginterferon plus ribavirin,DAA monotherapies increased DAA-resistance mutations.Several new DAAs for HCV are now in clinical development and are likely to be approved in the near future.However,it has been reported that the use of these drugs also led to the emergence of DAA-resistance mutations in certain cases.Furthermore,these mutations exhibit cross-resistance to multiple drugs.The prevalence of DAA-resistance mutations in HCV-infected patients who were not treated with DAAs is unknown,and it is as yet uncertain whether such variants are sensitive to DAAs.We performed a population sequence analysis to assess the frequency of such variants in the sera of HCV genotype 1-infected patients not treated with HCV protease inhibitors.Here,we reviewed the literature on resistance variants of HCV protease inhibitors in treatment na?ve patients with chronic HCV genotype 1,as well as our experience.展开更多
针对传统最大似然波达方向(maximum likelihood direction of arrival,ML-DOA)估计存在计算量大、估计精度差等问题,本文提出一种采用改进帝王蝶优化算法(improved monarch butterfly optimization algorithm,IMBO)的ML-DOA估计方法。I...针对传统最大似然波达方向(maximum likelihood direction of arrival,ML-DOA)估计存在计算量大、估计精度差等问题,本文提出一种采用改进帝王蝶优化算法(improved monarch butterfly optimization algorithm,IMBO)的ML-DOA估计方法。IMBO算法通过精英反向学习策略对初始帝王蝶种群进行优化,得到适应度值较优的初始帝王蝶个体,进而能够改善帝王蝶种群的多样性;引入差分进化算法启发的变异操作以及自适应策略对帝王蝶个体的寻优方式进行改进,扩大了算法的搜索空间;引入了高斯-柯西变异算子,自适应调整变异步长,避免算法陷入局部最优。将IMBO应用于ML-DOA,实验表明,与传统的DOA估计算法相比,在不同信源数目、信噪比以及种群数量下,本文提出的算法收敛性能更好,均方根误差更低,运算量更小。展开更多
Amh is a single copy gene which is expressed in different ways during mammalian development. Several potential promoter elements have been identified using physiological experimentation and on the basis of interspecif...Amh is a single copy gene which is expressed in different ways during mammalian development. Several potential promoter elements have been identified using physiological experimentation and on the basis of interspecific sequence comparison. The role of putative promoter elements in controlling gene expression has been investigated by many workers over the last two decades and here by individually mutating each element. Expression was measured in vitro in cells of Sertoli descent by flowcytometry using EGFP as a reporter gene. Three lines of murine cells were used;pre- and post-pubertal Sertoli and granulosa cells. Differences between the three lines of cells, support the view that differentiation in this in vitro model system is likely to be at the level of available transcription factors at given points in development.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60905039)
文摘In the standard particle swarm optimization(SPSO),the big problem is that it suffers from premature convergence,that is,in complex optimization problems,it may easily get trapped in local optima.In order to mitigate premature convergence problem,this paper presents a new algorithm,which is called particle swarm optimization(PSO) with directed mutation,or DMPSO.The main idea of this algorithm is to "let the best particle(the smallest fitness of the particle swarm) become more excellent and the worst particle(the largest fitness of the particle swarm) try to be excellent".The new algorithm is tested on a set of eight benchmark functions,and compared with those of other four PSO variants.The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the DMPSO.The comparisons show that DMPSO significantly improves the performance of PSO and searching accuracy.
基金supported and funded by Department of Medical Microbiology,Nobel College,Pokhara University,Kathmandu Nepal with grant number MM-124
文摘To study the rpoB and katG gene mutation rate and its markers.MethodsCross-sectional study methods were used to study Tuberculosis. A total of 45 sputum samples were collected from Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied sciences. Then, acid fast bacilli staining were performed. Positive and negative samples were carried for conventional polymerase chain reaction identification and electrophoresis.ResultsOut of 45 samples, 3 were acid fast bacilli positive and the rest were negative. Male participants were more as compare to female participants and the mutation in rpoB and katG gene was found similar i.e. 6.66% among the total samples.ConclusionsWe can conclude that genetic mutation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be identified directly from the clinical samples. However, we have carried this study in less sample size and to validate research on large number of sample is recommended.
基金Supported by Grants from the Japan Society for Promotion of Science(JSPS)Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japanand Grants from the Ministry of Health,Labour,and Welfare of Japan
文摘Direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs)for hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection are one of the major advances in its medical treatment.The HCV protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir were the first approved DAAs in the United States,Europe,and Japan.When combined with peginterferon plus ribavirin,these agents increase sustained virologic response rates to70%-80%in treatment-na?ve patients and previoustreatment relapsers with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection.Without peginterferon plus ribavirin,DAA monotherapies increased DAA-resistance mutations.Several new DAAs for HCV are now in clinical development and are likely to be approved in the near future.However,it has been reported that the use of these drugs also led to the emergence of DAA-resistance mutations in certain cases.Furthermore,these mutations exhibit cross-resistance to multiple drugs.The prevalence of DAA-resistance mutations in HCV-infected patients who were not treated with DAAs is unknown,and it is as yet uncertain whether such variants are sensitive to DAAs.We performed a population sequence analysis to assess the frequency of such variants in the sera of HCV genotype 1-infected patients not treated with HCV protease inhibitors.Here,we reviewed the literature on resistance variants of HCV protease inhibitors in treatment na?ve patients with chronic HCV genotype 1,as well as our experience.
文摘针对传统最大似然波达方向(maximum likelihood direction of arrival,ML-DOA)估计存在计算量大、估计精度差等问题,本文提出一种采用改进帝王蝶优化算法(improved monarch butterfly optimization algorithm,IMBO)的ML-DOA估计方法。IMBO算法通过精英反向学习策略对初始帝王蝶种群进行优化,得到适应度值较优的初始帝王蝶个体,进而能够改善帝王蝶种群的多样性;引入差分进化算法启发的变异操作以及自适应策略对帝王蝶个体的寻优方式进行改进,扩大了算法的搜索空间;引入了高斯-柯西变异算子,自适应调整变异步长,避免算法陷入局部最优。将IMBO应用于ML-DOA,实验表明,与传统的DOA估计算法相比,在不同信源数目、信噪比以及种群数量下,本文提出的算法收敛性能更好,均方根误差更低,运算量更小。
文摘Amh is a single copy gene which is expressed in different ways during mammalian development. Several potential promoter elements have been identified using physiological experimentation and on the basis of interspecific sequence comparison. The role of putative promoter elements in controlling gene expression has been investigated by many workers over the last two decades and here by individually mutating each element. Expression was measured in vitro in cells of Sertoli descent by flowcytometry using EGFP as a reporter gene. Three lines of murine cells were used;pre- and post-pubertal Sertoli and granulosa cells. Differences between the three lines of cells, support the view that differentiation in this in vitro model system is likely to be at the level of available transcription factors at given points in development.
