Absolutely calibrated measurements of the neutron yields which need to cover both D-D and D-T phase of the international thermal-nuclear experimental reactor (ITER) are important for the evaluation of fusion power a...Absolutely calibrated measurements of the neutron yields which need to cover both D-D and D-T phase of the international thermal-nuclear experimental reactor (ITER) are important for the evaluation of fusion power and fusion gain Q in D-D and D-T operations. This paper describes the in-situ calibration techniques and methods, the neutron sources including ^252Cf and neutron generator for calibration, the preliminary accuracy assessment and the error analyses. In addition, some difficult problems regarding the in situ calibration for the neutron flux monitor (NFM) on ITER are presented and discussed.展开更多
A method is presented for in situ resolution calibration of multiple feedback interferometers(MFIs) using two lasers with di?erent feedback levels simultaneously. The laser with weak optical feedback level generates h...A method is presented for in situ resolution calibration of multiple feedback interferometers(MFIs) using two lasers with di?erent feedback levels simultaneously. The laser with weak optical feedback level generates half-wavelength optical fringes, whereas the laser with strong multiple feedback level generates optical nanofringes. By using this method, the number of displaced optical nano-fringes can be easily counted, and the resolution of the MFIs can be accurately determined. The integrated MFIs can be used to measure displacements and calibrate other displacement sensors.展开更多
An in situ calibration system is a versatile exploration instrument for electrochemical sensors investigating the biochemical properties of the marine environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design o...An in situ calibration system is a versatile exploration instrument for electrochemical sensors investigating the biochemical properties of the marine environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of an auto-calibrating system for electrochemical (pH) sensors, which permits two-point in situ calibration, suitable for long-term measurement in deep sea aqueous environments. Holding multiple sensors, the instrument is designed to perform long-term measurements and in situ calibrations at abyssal depth (up to 4000 m). The instrument is composed of a compact fluid control system which is pressure-equilibrated and designed for deep-sea operation. In situ calibration capability plays a key role in the quality and reproducibility of the data. This paper focuses on methods for extending the lifetime of the instrument, considering the fluidics design, mechanical design, and low-power consumption of the electronics controller. The instrument can last 46 d under normal operating conditions, fulfilling the need for long-term operation. Data concerning pH measured during the KNOX18RR cruise (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, July-August, 2008) illustrate the desirable properties of the instrument. Combined with different electrodes (pH, H2, H2S, etc.), it should be of great utility for the study of deep ocean environments, including water column and diffuse-flow hydrothermal fluids.展开更多
This research presents the development of HL-2A neutron yield measurement which includes^(235)U fission chamber and BF_(3)and^(3)He proportional counters.Equivalent noise formula of the radiation detection signal ampl...This research presents the development of HL-2A neutron yield measurement which includes^(235)U fission chamber and BF_(3)and^(3)He proportional counters.Equivalent noise formula of the radiation detection signal amplification system was derived to guide the development of the signal amplification system.Then all detectors were calibrated in situ by using the^(252)C_(f)neutron source.The neutron yield of the HL-2A during neutral beam heating was analyzed.These results indicate that the developed neutron flux diagnostic system can obtain neutron yield results under various experimental conditions of the HL-2A tokamak,and can provide information on neutron yield.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10175021,10675124)
文摘Absolutely calibrated measurements of the neutron yields which need to cover both D-D and D-T phase of the international thermal-nuclear experimental reactor (ITER) are important for the evaluation of fusion power and fusion gain Q in D-D and D-T operations. This paper describes the in-situ calibration techniques and methods, the neutron sources including ^252Cf and neutron generator for calibration, the preliminary accuracy assessment and the error analyses. In addition, some difficult problems regarding the in situ calibration for the neutron flux monitor (NFM) on ITER are presented and discussed.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51375262,60827006,and 60723004)the Scientific and Technological Achievements,Transformation and Industrialization project by the Beijing Municipal Education Commission,and the Scholarship Award for Excellent Doctoral Students granted by the Ministry of Education
文摘A method is presented for in situ resolution calibration of multiple feedback interferometers(MFIs) using two lasers with di?erent feedback levels simultaneously. The laser with weak optical feedback level generates half-wavelength optical fringes, whereas the laser with strong multiple feedback level generates optical nanofringes. By using this method, the number of displaced optical nano-fringes can be easily counted, and the resolution of the MFIs can be accurately determined. The integrated MFIs can be used to measure displacements and calibrate other displacement sensors.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40637037)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2007AA091901)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of U.S. (No. 0525907)the China Scholarship Council (No. 2009632124)
文摘An in situ calibration system is a versatile exploration instrument for electrochemical sensors investigating the biochemical properties of the marine environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of an auto-calibrating system for electrochemical (pH) sensors, which permits two-point in situ calibration, suitable for long-term measurement in deep sea aqueous environments. Holding multiple sensors, the instrument is designed to perform long-term measurements and in situ calibrations at abyssal depth (up to 4000 m). The instrument is composed of a compact fluid control system which is pressure-equilibrated and designed for deep-sea operation. In situ calibration capability plays a key role in the quality and reproducibility of the data. This paper focuses on methods for extending the lifetime of the instrument, considering the fluidics design, mechanical design, and low-power consumption of the electronics controller. The instrument can last 46 d under normal operating conditions, fulfilling the need for long-term operation. Data concerning pH measured during the KNOX18RR cruise (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, July-August, 2008) illustrate the desirable properties of the instrument. Combined with different electrodes (pH, H2, H2S, etc.), it should be of great utility for the study of deep ocean environments, including water column and diffuse-flow hydrothermal fluids.
基金partially supported by the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province in China (No.2021YFSY0018)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11675049).
文摘This research presents the development of HL-2A neutron yield measurement which includes^(235)U fission chamber and BF_(3)and^(3)He proportional counters.Equivalent noise formula of the radiation detection signal amplification system was derived to guide the development of the signal amplification system.Then all detectors were calibrated in situ by using the^(252)C_(f)neutron source.The neutron yield of the HL-2A during neutral beam heating was analyzed.These results indicate that the developed neutron flux diagnostic system can obtain neutron yield results under various experimental conditions of the HL-2A tokamak,and can provide information on neutron yield.