Landfill leachates with different ages （mature leachate, 11 years; semi-mature leachate, 5 years; fresh leachate, under operation） were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, Shanghai to characterize the colloid si...Landfill leachates with different ages （mature leachate, 11 years; semi-mature leachate, 5 years; fresh leachate, under operation） were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, Shanghai to characterize the colloid size distribution and variations of leachate. These leachates were separated using micro-filtration and ultra-filtration into specific size fractions, i.e., suspended particles （SP） （〉 1.2 μm）, coarse colloids （CC） （1.2-0.45 μm）, fine colloids （FC） （0.45 m, 5 kDa/1 kDa molecular weight （MW））, and dissolved organic matters （DM, 〈 5 kDa/1 kDa MW）. The specific colloids in each size fraction were quantified and characterized through chemical oxygen demands （COD）, total solid （TS）, pH, NH4^＋-N, total organic carbon （TOC） and fixed solid （FS）. It was found that COD, NH^4＋-N and TS in leachate decreased significantly over ages, while pH increased. The dissolved fractions （〈 5 kDa/1 kDa） dominated （over 50%） in three leachates in terms of COD, and the organic matter content in dissolved fraction of leachates decreased and the inorganic matter increased as the disposal time extended, with the TOC/COD ratio 30%-7%. Dissolved fractions decreased from 82% to 40% in terms of TOC as the disposal time extended, suggested that the organic matter remained in leachate would form into middle molecular weight substances during the degradation process.展开更多
NaTi_2 (PO_4)_3 (NTP) nanocrystals with high room-temperature ionic conductivity of 1.1×10~3 S/cm were prepared by a concise solvothermal method at 140 ℃ for 3 h, and the aspect ratios of all the NTP nanocrystal...NaTi_2 (PO_4)_3 (NTP) nanocrystals with high room-temperature ionic conductivity of 1.1×10~3 S/cm were prepared by a concise solvothermal method at 140 ℃ for 3 h, and the aspect ratios of all the NTP nanocrystals are the closest to 0.7. It implies a moderate size-distribution of NTP nanocrystals obtained at 140 ℃ for 3 h is helpful for increasing packing density, and the packing density is the larger, so its conductivity is the higher. The controllability over size and morphology of the NTP nanocrystals via solvothermal temperature and time were investigated. The results suggest that our method is of great potential in synthesizing NTP nanocrystals with high room-temperature ionic conductivity at low cost.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation(No.PCRRF09008)the Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No.08Dz1202800)
文摘Landfill leachates with different ages （mature leachate, 11 years; semi-mature leachate, 5 years; fresh leachate, under operation） were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, Shanghai to characterize the colloid size distribution and variations of leachate. These leachates were separated using micro-filtration and ultra-filtration into specific size fractions, i.e., suspended particles （SP） （〉 1.2 μm）, coarse colloids （CC） （1.2-0.45 μm）, fine colloids （FC） （0.45 m, 5 kDa/1 kDa molecular weight （MW））, and dissolved organic matters （DM, 〈 5 kDa/1 kDa MW）. The specific colloids in each size fraction were quantified and characterized through chemical oxygen demands （COD）, total solid （TS）, pH, NH4^＋-N, total organic carbon （TOC） and fixed solid （FS）. It was found that COD, NH^4＋-N and TS in leachate decreased significantly over ages, while pH increased. The dissolved fractions （〈 5 kDa/1 kDa） dominated （over 50%） in three leachates in terms of COD, and the organic matter content in dissolved fraction of leachates decreased and the inorganic matter increased as the disposal time extended, with the TOC/COD ratio 30%-7%. Dissolved fractions decreased from 82% to 40% in terms of TOC as the disposal time extended, suggested that the organic matter remained in leachate would form into middle molecular weight substances during the degradation process.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 2016YFF0100901, 61274054 and 61504064)
文摘NaTi_2 (PO_4)_3 (NTP) nanocrystals with high room-temperature ionic conductivity of 1.1×10~3 S/cm were prepared by a concise solvothermal method at 140 ℃ for 3 h, and the aspect ratios of all the NTP nanocrystals are the closest to 0.7. It implies a moderate size-distribution of NTP nanocrystals obtained at 140 ℃ for 3 h is helpful for increasing packing density, and the packing density is the larger, so its conductivity is the higher. The controllability over size and morphology of the NTP nanocrystals via solvothermal temperature and time were investigated. The results suggest that our method is of great potential in synthesizing NTP nanocrystals with high room-temperature ionic conductivity at low cost.
