A fifteen-year review of skin allergy testing in Irish patients with symptomatic rhinitis

Objective:Our objective was to review skin prick allergy testing(SPAT)results in patients with symptomatic rhinitis in an Irish population.Methods:A fifteen-year retrospective review of our database of symptomatic patients with rhinitis was performed.All patients who had SPAT performed during this interval were included.Data was analysed in terms of demographics and dominant allergens.Results:1158 patients were included.617 Females vs 541 Males.Age range five to eighty-five years old.Mean age thirty-four years.49%of our patients tested positive to at least one aeroallergen.The most common allergens were dust mites(23%)and timothy grass(22%).Patients born during the Irish pollen season(April-July)were between 5 and 7 times more likely to be sensitive to timothy and ryegrass pollens compared to others tested.241 patients had both SPAT and serum allergen specific IgE testing(SASIgET)performed;positive results were consistent between both groups.Conclusion:Results demonstrated that half of our patients with symptomatic rhinitis had allergen sensitisation.Dust mites and grass were the main allergens in our area.Our nurse led clinic has allowed efficient patient education and the development of a unique Irish SPAT database.Retesting a patient with a known allergy test result it is not indicated.

Graphene Oxide/Lauryl Betaine Nano Material Synthesis and Properties

This paper aims at synthesizing a detergent with graphene oxide(GO)and lauryl betaine(LB),where the GO will have a better performance with the modification of LB.First,the complexus of GO and LB and the complexus of GO,KH550(Amino functional silane),and LB were synthesized to obtain two products,GO⁃LB and GO⁃KH550⁃LB.Then,the abilities and safety of the products were evaluated by characterization,contact angle measurement,measurement of KRAFFT Point,foaming test,emulsion ability test,decontamination capacity test,skin irritation test,and skin allergy test.Results of the experiment showed that GO⁃LB was superior to GO⁃KH550⁃LB in wetting ability and foaming stability,while GO⁃KH550⁃LB outperformed in emulsifying capacity.Besides,good abilities of removing mussels,seaweed,and protein were proved.According to the result of the irritation test of the materials to skin,they were both at the light irritation level,and the irritation of the GO⁃LB was slightly lower than that of GO⁃KH550⁃LB.Neither GO⁃LB nor GO⁃KH550⁃LB had allergic effect.Therefore,it can be concluded that as a surface active agent,graphene oxide/lauryl betaine was effective as a new detergent,which had low irritation and insignificant allergic phenomena on the human body over a long term of use.