Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Skin Ulcer Disease in Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther and Its Sensitivity to Chinese Herbal Medicine

In this study, the pathogen causing skin ulcer disease in Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther was isolated for morphological observation, physiological and bio- chemical identification. According to the result, the isolated pathogen was identified as Vibrio harveyi. The results of recurrent infection of C. semilaevis Gonther showed that the pathogen was strongly pathogenic to C. semilaevis Gunther. In or- der to explore the pathogenesis, outer membrane protein （OMP） gene of C. semi- laevis Gunther was detected by PCR. The results showed that all the three repre- sentative strains harbored OMP gene. According to the results of sensitivity test of the pathogen to Chinese herbal medicine, Galla Chinensis, Fructus Mume, Fructus Hippophae and Lignum Sappan exerted strong antibacterial effects against V. harveyr, Pericarpium Granati exhibited slight antibacterial effect against V. harveyi; Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Acori GramineL Herba Houttuyniae, Herba Portulacae, Herba Andrographis, Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Herba Menthae Heplocalycis had little effect on V. harveyi. Galla Chinensis, Fructus Mume, Fructus Hippophae and Lignum Sappan were prepared into three prescriptions, among which prescription 1 （Galla Chinensis ＋ Fructus Mume） exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect.

Metabolomics analysis for skin ulceration syndrome of Apostichopus japonicus based on UPLC/Q-TOF MS

Skin ulceration syndrome(SUS)is the main diseases aff ected the development of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)culture industries.To better observe the changes in the sea cucumber A.japonicus with SUS and understand the pathogenesis of the disease,activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and level of malondialdehyde(MDA)in coelomic fluid were detected using the Assay Kit and metabolites in the body wall were assessed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry.The results indicated that level of MDA was increased during SUS compared with healthy individuals(P<0.01),but activities of SOD and CAT were reduced(P<0.05).In metabolomics analysis,metabolites,such as adenosine,choline,betaine aldehyde,palmitic acid,and taurine,were found to be upregulated and 2-oxoadipic acid,anthranilic acid(vitamin L1),thioetheramide-PC,cholesterol-3-sulfate,and pentadecanoic acid were downregulated(VIP>1 and P<0.1).Pathway enrichment analysis indicated most enrichment of KEGG pathways were mainly related to energy metabolism,immunity,and osmoregulation such as ABC transporters,glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,tryptophan metabolism and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.Our study reflected the difference in enzyme activity and metabolites between A.japonicus with SUS and those without,which will provide reference data for investigating SUS.

Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from Zostera marina Against Pathogens of Apostichopus japonicus Skin Ulceration Disease

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of extracts from Zostera marina against the pathogens of Apostichopus japonicus skin ulceration disease.When 95% ethanol (v/v) solvent was used to extract Zostera marina at 50℃,aqueous extract (ZA) showed obvious bacteriostatic effects on the tested bacterial strains (inhibition halo diameters between 8.23 mm and 13.62 mm),whereas the ethyl acetate extract (ZE) was almost inactive.The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZA against four pathogens were homogeneous at 12.8 g L-1.ZA components were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) assay and six fractions were obtained.In another study,the six fractions showed inhibitory effects against the tested bacteria while their functions seemed to counteract the ZA activity.

XB130 inhibits healing of diabetic skin ulcers through the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway

BACKGROUND Diabetic skin ulcers,a significant global healthcare burden,are mainly caused by the inhibition of cell proliferation and impaired angiogenesis.XB130 is an adaptor protein that regulates cell proliferation and migration.However,the role of XB130 in the development of diabetic skin ulcers remains unclear.AIM To investigate whether XB130 can regulate the inhibition of proliferation and vascular damage induced by high glucose.Additionally,we aim to determine whether XB130 is involved in the healing process of diabetic skin ulcers,along with its molecular mechanisms.METHODS We conducted RNA-sequencing analysis to identify the key genes involved in diabetic skin ulcers.We investigated the effects of XB130 on wound healing using histological analyses.In addition,we used reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,Western blot,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick end labeling staining,immunofluorescence,wound healing,and tubule formation experiments to investigate their effects on cellular processes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)stimulated with high glucose.Finally,we performed functional analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic skin ulcers.RESULTS RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the expression of XB130 was up-regulated in the tissues of diabetic skin ulcers.Knockdown of XB130 promoted the healing of skin wounds in mice,leading to an accelerated wound healing process and shortened wound healing time.At the cellular level,knockdown of XB130 alleviated high glucose-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and angiogenic impairment in HUVECs.Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway removed the proliferative effects and endothelial protection mediated by XB130.CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicated that the expression of XB130 is up-regulated in high glucose-stimulated diabetic skin ulcers and HUVECs.Knockdown of XB130 promotes cell proliferation and angiogenesis via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway,which accelerates the healing of diabetic skin ulcers.

Efficacy of compound Bai Yu San in treating diabetic skin ulcer

Objective:To assess the efficacy of compound Bai Yu San(CBYS)as a new treatment option,in healing diabetic skin ulcer.Materials and Methods:A total of 64 diabetic patients with skin ulcer were enrolled and randomly assigned to experimental group(n=33)and control group(n=31).In the control group,normal saline(NS)was used to cleanse the wound.After debridement,the wound was dressed with modern materials.In the experimental group,the NS‑cleansed wound was dressed with CBYS.The infection rate,healing rate,treatment cost,and patient satisfaction between the two groups were compared.Results:On the 35th day after treatment,the infection rate and healing rate showed no between‑group difference(P>0.05);the experimental group showed lower treatment cost and higher satisfaction than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:As a new treatment option for diabetes‑induced skin ulcer,CBYS can effectively control the infection,promote the healing,reduce treatment cost,and increase patient satisfaction.Dressing with CBYS can be clinically replicated in the treatment of diabetic skin ulcer.

Anti-nuclear matrix protein 2+ juvenile dermatomyositis with severe skin ulcer and infection: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Juvenile dermatomyositis(JDM)is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that occurs in childhood.It is characterized by muscle weakness and a characteristic rash.Previous literature reports have rarely described JDM with severe skin ulcers and infections.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we describe a case of a 2-year-old female patient who suffered from JDM,whose myositis-specific autoantibodies were positive for anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 antibody,with progressively worsening skin ulcers and severe infections.The patient was treated with glucocorticoids and various immunosuppressants.Nevertheless,further progression of the disease and the combination of primary disease and severe infection in the later period were fatal.CONCLUSION In children,anti-nuclear matrix protein 2+JDM combined with skin ulcers often indicates severe disease.In such cases,personalized treatment for the primary disease and infection prevention and control are essential.

Research on combination of PRP,PRF and adipose-derived stem cells for wound healing of chronic skin ulcer

Objective To investigate the effects of combination of PRP,PRF and adipose-derived stem cells(ADSC)for wound healing of chronic skin ulcer,and provide evidences for clinical application.Methods Twenty-four SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were used in this study.5 grams of groin adipose tissue were derived from each rat.After collagenase digestion,mesenchyma stem cells derived from adipose tissue(ADSCs)were determined by immunocytochemical method and flow cytometry.After continuous culturing,the 3th passage of ADSCs in good condition was prepared for transplantation.Ten milliliters of whole blood were extracted from one rat for making PRP and PRF backup.Full thickness skin defect model with six wounds with an area of 1.5cm*1.5cm on each side of the spine on the back was established in rats after anesthesia.Then the rats were randomly divided into six groups.Skin wounds were injected with PRF combining ADSC in group A,PRF in group B,ADSC in group C,ADSC combining PRP in group D,PRP in group E,and same amount of normal saline(NS)in group F.Histological analysis was performed to evaluate the velocity and the quality of the wound healing 7 days,14 days,21days and 28 days after treatment,and comparing the regeneration of epidermis,corium,fibroblast,blood vessel and skin appendages respectively.Results The woulds in each group healed well,without symptoms of infection.Skin wounds were almost healed in 21 days,and no significant difference in healing velocity was found among these groups.There were no apparent inflammatory cells in 7 days.The wounds were filled with granulation formed by proliferation of connective tissue with visible new blood capillary and repair cells like fibroblast.Epidermis grew out and became thick,and gradually grew to the wounds,with active proliferation of re-epithelization.Re-epithelization was completed in 14 days,with granulation tissue covered by epidermis and fibrosis showing a significant increase in collagenous fiber,and visible skin appendages like new hair follicle,glandula sebacea,sweat gland and corneum.Appendages like hair follicle,glandula sebacea,sweat gland and corneum increased in 21 days,and granulation tissue gradually formed scar tissue and entered remodeling phase.There was no significant changes from 21 days to 28 days,and the tissues were entering a long remodeling phase.Healing status:Group D,A and C could be observed with more complete epidermis,new blood vessel and new hair follicle.Among them,Group D was most significant,while group A,C,E,B successively and group F had the slowest epidermal migration and the least new hair follicle.The velocity and the quality of these groups were as follows:D>A>C>E>B>F,indicating that ADSC combining PRP can improve quality in wound healing of skin ulcer effectively.Conclusions After the general and pathological observation on the effects,the velocity and the quality for the skin ulcer healing of SD rats on the back were as follows:ADSC+PRP>ADSC+PRF>ADSC>PRP>PRF>NS,indicating that PRP or PRF combining ADSC can improve quality in wound healing of skin ulcer effectively.

Application of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of juvenile localized scleroderma with skin ulcer: a case report

Background:Juvenile Localized Scleroderma(JLS)is a rare pediatric rheumatic disease characterized by inflammation and skin sclerosis.The side effect of consensus-recommended medications and the risk of disability posed challenges to the JLS treatment.We intend to demonstrate the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in treating JLS with skin ulcers and reducing the dose of glucocorticoid.Method:Here we report a case of a 13-year-old male with JLS who took oral methotrexate tablets of 10 mg/week and methylprednisolone of 6 mg/day for over six months without significant effect and suffered from skin ulcers on the dorsal feet one month after drug cessation.Subsequently,the patient was treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine of low-dose glucocorticosteroid,adjusted Shenqi Huoxue formula and Jinshe Xiaoyan formula,etc.Results:After integrated treatment,the patient’s dorsal feet ulcers healed and the skin sclerosis and hyperpigmentation improved significantly.Conclusions:This case report suggests that integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine can be used as an effective treatment for JLS.

A Royal Jelly Mixture with Berberine for Dressing Change on a Refractory Skin Ulcer:A Case Report

It has been reported that a 92-year-old female had got a bruise superficial wound on her right leg one and a half years ago,developing into refractory skin ulcer due to improper management before.A prepared cream,mixed royal jelly with berberine for dressing change,was made on the scene through the crush of berberine tablets,working with fresh royal jelly.Topical dressing change with the cream was done every 3 days,and two months later,such the ulcer became clean and was covered fully with fresh granulation tissue.This kind of cream consists of the ingredients of TCM purely,free of antibiotic,and being quite effective clinically,also helpful for proper use of antibiotic.

Differential expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase in chronic human skin ulcer induced by radiation and mechanism of cancer transformation and poor healing

AIM:To study the expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase(TRT) and explore the possible relationship between the TR T and cancer transformation or poor healing in radiation-induced chronic human skin ulcer.METHODS:Rabbit antibody to human TRT and SP immunohistochemical metho d were used to detect TRT expression in 24 cases of formalin-fixed,paraffin-em beded chronic human skin ulcer tissues induced by radiation, 5 cases of normal s kin,2 of burnt skin,and 8 of carcinoma.RESULTS: The TRT was detected positive in 14 of 24 (58.3%) chronic radiation ulcers, of which the strongly positive was 10 of 24 (41.7%) and the weakly positive 4 of 24 (16.7%);in 0 of 5 normal and 0 of 2 burnt skins;and in 8 of 8 (100%) carcinomas.The expression of TRT was ob served almost always strongly positive in the cytoplasm and nucleus of squamous epithelial cells of epidermis but negatively in the endoepithelial cells of capi llaries and small blood vessels,or weakly in the cytoplasm of smooth myocytes of media and fibroblasts,of dermis. Chronic inflammtory cells,such as plasma cells and lymphocytes also showed weakly positive for TRT.CONCLUSION:The strong TRT e xpression in the epidermis could be involved in the cancer transformation from c hronic radiation ulcer to squamous carcinoma, whereas the negative or weak TRT e xpression in the capillaries, small blood vessels and fibroblasts of dermis migh t be responsible for the poor healing of chronic ulcers induced by radiation, ca used by sclerosis of small blood vessels and lack of granulation tissue consisti ng of capillaries and fibroblasts.

Investigation and analysis of the characteristics and drug sensitivity of bacteria in skin ulcer infections

Purpose： Skin ulcer is a common type of disease affecting patients＇ health and quality of life, and bacterial infection increases the difficulty of its management. Methods： The present study collected the results of bacterial culture sampled from the surface of 110 cases of skin ulcers at our hospital from January 2011 to December 2012. We analyzed the constituent ratios of ulcer surface bacteria, the change in the main infectious bacteria and the results of drugsensitivity testing for common bacteria. In addition, the characteristics of bacterial infection of skin ulcers were summarized. Result： Of the 110 samples, 90 isolated bacteria were cultured. Sixty-one were Gram-negative bacteria, mainly comprising Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli. In addition, 23 isolates were Gram-positive bacteria, mainly comprising Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The probability of a negative bacterial culture in 2012 was significantly lower than that in 2011 （16.7% vs. 40.0%, p 〈 0.01）. Moreover, the probability of P. aeruginosa infection in 2012 was significantly higher than that in 2011 （31.7% vs. 14.0%, p 〈 0.01）. P. aeruginosa was resistant to seven commonly used antibiotics. Both K. pneumoniae and E. coli had higher resistance to ampicillin. E. cloacae were not sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam. Acinetobacter baumannii was resistant to all the tested drugs. S. aureus, E. faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis had high resistance to clindamycin. There was other drug resistance to reflect the higher rate of skin bacterial resistance. Conclusion： Skin bacterial resistance rate is high. Gram-negative bacteria gradually account for the majority, and P. aeruginosa becomes the most important skin infection pathogen. These characteristics of bacterial infections of skin ulcers provide a significant reference for guiding the selection of antibiotics, better controlling infections of skin ulcers and accelerating the healing of skin ulcers.

Experimental Study on Topical Treatment of Diabetic Skin Ulcers with Yi Medicine "Yi Bu A Jie(以布阿节)”Extract

Objective： To study the role and mechanism of the Yi medicine, Yi Bu A Jie （以布阿节） extract, in topical treatment of diabetic skin ulcers, with a view to finding a breakthrough natural drug for the prevention and treatment of diabetic skin ulcers. Methods： A model of diabetic skin ulcers in Kunming mice was developed. Yi Bu A Jie was extracted in a Soxhlet extractor. Two different concentrations of the extract （0.005 mg/mL and 0.01 mg/mL） were applied to the wound of diabetic skin ulcers once every 3 days, and local skin appearance and histopathological changes were observed. Resalts： The shortest healing time was 25.25 ±2.06 day with a low concentration （P=0.0037 compared with the high concentration group, 33.14＋2.21 day; P=0.0082 compared with control group, 28.21 ± 2.14 days）. The longest healing time was in the high concentration group （P=0.0025 compared with the control group）. In both groups, a large number of inflammatory neutrophil cells were exuded dudng the experimental period. In the low concentration group, capillary-rich granulation tissue and actively growing fibroblasts appeared in the wound, while there was much necrotic tissue in the high concentration group. Conclusion： Yi Bu A Jie extract has an inhibitory effect on diabetic skin ulcers in mice, and the low concentration is more suitable.

Diabetic ulcer with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Chronic skin ulcers are a risk factor for the development of skin tumors.In patients with diabetes,chronic refractory ulcers may also contribute to higher susceptibility to skin tumors.Timely surgical removal of chronic and nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers can effectively prevent progression to squamous cell carcinoma.Such cases may be misdiagnosed owing to currently insufficient clinical evidence.However,in cases of chronic ulcer wounds,it is crucial to enhance clinical awareness regarding their potential progression into malignant lesions.CASE SUMMARY An 84-year-old male patient with diabetes presented with a significantly ulcerated area on his foot.The ulcer had been present to varying degrees since 1996.Between 2012 and July 2019,even after receiving treatments such as herbal medicines or heat clearance and detoxification complete healing of the wound was not achieved.In July 2020,histopathological analysis confirmed a well-differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.After the treatments,the ulcer wound healed slowly and did not expand.CONCLUSION Potentially malignant lesions in chronic ulcer wounds should be identified and treated in a timely manner to prevent their progression.

Skin Characteristics of Sites Predisposed to Pressure Ulcers among Bedridden Elderly Patients in Japan

Background: Previous studies have not specifically measured skin characteristics at common sites of pressure ulcers in high-risk elderly patients. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the physiological skin characteristics at common pressure ulcer sites and their relationship with pressure ulcer risk and demographic/laboratory data in bedridden elderly Japanese patients. Methods: This study involved 55 elderly Japanese patients in a long-term care hospital and 25 female Japanese university students. Skin surface temperature, epidermal water content, transepidermal water loss, skin erythema/redness, skin elasticity, and skin thickness were measured using noninvasive devices. The sacral and both heel areas (sites predisposed to pressure ulcers) and mid-to-lower back area (control site) were observed. Results: Elderly patients showed a low epidermal water content at both heels (right heel, 14.8 ± 9.1 arbitrary units, AU.;left heel, 14.4 ± 8.3 AU). Transepidermal water loss remained acceptable at all sites in older patients despite the presence of dry skin (back, 7.1 ± 1.8 g/hm2;sacrum, 7.4 ± 3.0 g/hm2;right heel, 17.7 ± 7.1 g/hm2;left heel, 19.4 ± 8.1 g/hm2). Back (0.61 ± 0.13 AU) and sacral (0.67 ± 0.11 AU) skin elasticity and sacral skin thickness (0.97 ± 0.56 cm) were significantly lower than those of healthy young people (0.86 ± 0.04 AU, 0.87 ± 0.05 AU, and 2.27 ± 0.84 cm, respectively;p < 0.001 for all sites). Moderate positive correlations were observed between back skin elasticity and serum albumin level (r = 0.445, p < 0.001), and between sacral skin thickness and BMI (r = 0.506, p < 0.001) in older patients. Conclusions: Our findings showed that skin thickness and elasticity should be prioritized when evaluating pressure ulcer risk at the sacral region in bedridden elderly Japanese patients. Moreover, skin moisturization should be considered to minimize the risk at the heels in such patients.

基于SKIN概念框架无创正压通气患者鼻面部压疮预防的循证实践

目的探讨基于SKIN概念框架实施循证护理对无创正压通气患者鼻面部压疮预防的效果。方法以SKIN概念框架为基础,按照JBI循证模式对无创正压通气患者鼻面部压疮进行循证护理,通过提出问题、证据检索、证据质量评价、证据综合的步骤,制定无创正压通气鼻面部压疮压疮预防流程及优化无创呼吸机操作流程标准。结果干预1年后无创正压通气患者鼻面部压疮发生率由17.95%下降至3.92%。结论以SKIN概念框架指导循证护理实践,可有效提高护理人员无创正压通气压疮预防技能,降低患者鼻面部压疮发生率。

Cutaneous leishmaniasis presenting with painless ulcer on the right forearm:A case report

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis includes a range of chronic infections in humans and animals and can be caused by more than 20 species of Leishmania protozoa.The manifestations of leishmaniasis are diverse and dependent on the immune response capacity of the host and the type of Leishmania.In East Asia,leishmaniasis is relatively rare and prone to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 36-year-old male with cutaneous leishmaniasis.The patient had been misdiagnosed with a bacterial skin infection and was given a dressing change and oral levofloxacin,which proved ineffective.Histopathological examination revealed amastigote(Leishman-Donovan body)in the histocytes,and nucleic acid sequencing proved that the pathogen was Leishmania major.The patient was treated successfully by regional injection of sodium gluconate(600 mg)three times.The ulcer healed and did not recur at 1.5-year follow-up.CONCLUSION Skin ulcers caused by leishmaniasis are easily misdiagnosed in non-epidemic countries,yet it should not be overlooked.

Fatal Skin and Soft Tissue Infection, Peritonitis and Bacteriemia Caused by Shewanella petrefaciens

We report a case of skin and soft tissue infection, peritonitis and bacteriemia in a 51-year-old drug abuse male. His wife found him lifeless lying on the kitchen floor at his residence. At the time of autopsy, multiple skin ulcers with deep soft tissue infection and peritonitis were found on gross examination. Cultures of postmortem blood and a swab of soft tissue were positive for Shewanella putrefaciens, a gram-negative bacterium that had been isolated from many foods, sewage and fresh and salt water. This is the first reported case in the United States of fatal skin and soft tissue infection, peritonitis and bacteremia caused by this micro-organism.

The Research of Nanocrystallized Realgar for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

Objective: To observe the effects and mechanisms of nanocrystallized realgar for the treatment of skin cancer. Methods: The clinical part was observing the therapeutic effect for the skin ulceration by externally using the nanocrystallized realgar. The experimental part was culturing the human squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells (A431) in vitro environment, estimating the effects of proliferation and apoptosis of A431 by MTT method and flow cytometry, and observing the effects on the expression of Survivin, Caspase-3 by RT-PCR method. Results: External treatment with nanocrystallized realgar had a therapeutic effect for the skin ulceration;it can promote the ulcers of skin cancer and skin metastasis healing. The experiments confirmed that nanocrystallized realgar can inhibit the A431 proliferation, induce the cells apoptosis, promote the expression of Caspase-3 and reduce the expression of Survivin. And the experiments also found that the effects were in a concentration-dependent manner, and they have a synergistic effect with cis-Dichlorodiamineplatinum (DDP). Conclusions: External treatment with nanocrystallized realgar for the patients of skin cancer or skin metastasis achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects by inhibiting A431 proliferation and inducing these cells apoptosis. The mechanism might be associated with promoting the expression of Caspase-3 and reducing the expression of Survivin.

小檗碱调节HIF-1α/VEGF信号通路对皮肤溃疡大鼠血管生成和创面愈合的影响

目的:探究小檗碱(BR)调节缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)/血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号通路对皮肤溃疡大鼠血管生成和创面愈合的影响。方法:取SD大鼠采用创面局部多次涂抹冰醋酸建立皮肤溃疡模型,随机数字法分组,包括模型组(M组)、小檗碱低剂量组(BR-L组)、小檗碱高剂量组(BR-H组)、小檗碱高剂量+空载组(BR-H+pc-DNA组)、小檗碱高剂量+HIF-1α敲低组(BR-H+pc-HIF-1αKD组),每组10只,另选10只SD大鼠作为对照组(C组)。以药物分组处理3周后,测定各组大鼠创面愈合率;HE染色检测各组大鼠皮肤溃疡创面组织病理形态;免疫组织化学染色检测各组大鼠皮肤溃疡创面组织微血管密度(MVD)及胶原蛋白Ⅰ(CollagenⅠ)与纤维结合蛋白(FN)表达;酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)各组大鼠血清及皮肤溃疡创面组织炎性因子IL-6、IL-8表达水平;免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠皮肤溃疡创面组织HIF-1α/VEGF通路蛋白表达水平。结果:与C组相比,M组大鼠创面组织MVD、血清及创面组织IL-6、IL-8水平升高(均P<0.05)。与M组相比,BR-L组、BR-H组、BR-H+pc-DNA组大鼠创面愈合率、创面组织MVD、HIF-1α及VEGF蛋白表达均升高(均P<0.05),血清及创面组织IL-6、IL-8水平均降低(均P<0.05),且高剂量小檗碱作用更强。敲低HIF-1α可减弱BR对模型组大鼠各指标的作用。结论:小檗碱可通过上调HIF-1α/VEGF通路而降低炎性因子表达,抑制炎症,增强皮肤溃疡大鼠血管生成和胶原形成,促进其创面愈合。

甲基莲心碱通过调节AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3信号通路减轻慢性皮肤溃疡大鼠的炎症反应

目的:探讨甲基莲心碱(Nef)调节AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)信号通路对慢性皮肤溃疡(CSU)大鼠炎症反应的影响。方法:将90只大鼠随机分为空白对照组(NC组)、CSU组、Nef组、AMPK抑制剂(Compound C)组、Nef+Compound C组,每组18只大鼠。除NC组外的其他各组大鼠通过剪开创口注射氢化可的松以及喷洒金黄色葡萄球菌构建CSU大鼠模型。造模完成后,Nef组和Compound C组分别将20%Nef、10μmol·L^(-1) Compound C与50 mL的20%高渗盐水凝胶混合敷在伤口处,Nef+Compound C组将20%Nef和10μmol·L^(-1) Compound C一起添加到20%高渗盐水凝胶中敷在伤口处,持续治疗2周,NC组、CSU组用等量盐水凝胶处理伤口。观察大鼠皮肤创面愈合情况;ELISA法检测血清白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-8、TNF-α水平;水解法检测创面肉芽组织中羟脯氨酸(HyP)水平;HE染色检测肉芽组织病理学变化;Western blotting检测CCL4、CCL2、CXCL12以及AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3信号通路蛋白表达水平。结果:CSU组大鼠可看到新生肉芽组织,并且有大量炎症细胞浸润现象,CSU组较NC组IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α含量显著升高(P<0.05);与CSU组相比,Nef组创面愈合率、HyP含量、p-AMPK/AMPK蛋白水平显著增加(P<0.05),IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α含量、CCL2、CXCL12、CCL4、mTOR、NLRP3蛋白水平显著下降(P<0.05),而Compound C组趋势相反(P<0.05);Compound C消除了Nef对CSU大鼠炎症反应的减轻作用。结论:Nef可能通过调控AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3信号通路减轻CSU大鼠炎症反应。