Pharmacodynamics of frigid zone plant Taxus cuspidata S.et Z.against skin melanin deposition,oxidation,inflammation and allergy

Background:Taxus cuspidata S.et Z.is a precious species of frigid zone plant belonging to the Taxaceae family,which possesses anticancer,anti-inflammatory,hypoglycemic,and antibacterial pharmacological properties.While taxane extracted from Taxus chinensis has been reported to elicit antioxidant activities,whether Taxus cuspidata S.et Z.has skin-protective actions against injuries remained unknown.This study aims to explore the pharmacological effects of three Taxus extracts on skin melanin deposition,oxidation,inflammation,and allergy so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of various diseases related to skin damage.Methods:Skin melanin deposition was evaluated by measuring melanin content in the skin of guinea pigs by alkali lysis method.Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by measuring superoxide dismutase(SOD)concentration and glutathione(GSH)content in skin tissue homogenates of Kunming mice by SOD assay kit and micro reduced GSH assay kit.The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and western blotting were used to examine the levels of both SOD and recombinant glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4).Skin inflammation was evaluated by xylene-induced ear swelling test and egg-white-induced paw swelling test in mice.In a mouse model of skin allergy induced by 4-aminopyridine(4-AP),allergy was determined by licking body counts and histamine concentrations in tissue homogenates using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits.Two proinflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand interleukin(IL)-1βwere measured by qRT-PCR.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was conducted to assess the degree of skin lesion.Results:All three Taxus extracts including Taxus chinensis essential oil,Taxus chinensis extract and Taxus chinensis extract compound reduced the melanin deposits in the back skin relative to the non-treated control animals,of which Taxus chinensis essential oil produced the greatest effect.In contrast,the three Taxus extracts elevated SOD and GSH levels in the skin tissues,and the highest increase was seen with Taxus chinensis essential oil.Three Taxus extracts,especially Taxus chinensis essential oil,effectively reduce the rate of ear and paw swelling.All three Taxus extracts reduced the number of body licks,the levels of TNF-αand IL-1β,and the histamine content in tissue homogenates of mice and alleviated skin damage.Consistently,Taxus chinensis essential oil yielded the greatest magnitude of decreases.Conclusion:While all three Taxus extracts possessed the anti-skin melanin deposition,oxidation,and allergy properties,Taxus chinensis essential oil produced the superior effects.

Design of a Biomimetic Skin for an Octopus-Inspired Robot - Part I： Characterising Octopus Skin

Octopus skin samples were tested under quasi-static and scissor cutting conditions to measure the in-plane material prop- erties and fracture toughness. Samples from all eight arms of one octopus were tested statically to investigate how properties vary from arm to arm. Another nine octopus skins were measured to study the influence of body mass on skin properties. In- fluence of specimen location on skin mechanical properties was also studied. Material properties of skin, i.e. the Young＇s modulus, ultimate stress, failure strain and fracture toughness have been plotted against the position of skin along the length of arm or body. Statistical studies were carried out to help analyzing experimental data obtained. Results of this work will be used as guidelines for the design and development of artificial skins for an octopus-inspired robot.

Effects of Nicotinamide on Mouse Skin Tumor Development and Its Mode of Action

Nicotinamide (NA), a naturally occuring vitamin and a protease inhibitor, has been shown to be effective in treating some skin ailments. It inhibits cell proiferaion and induces cell differentiation. This report shows the effects of NA on mouse skin tumor development and on the critical events involved in this process. NA reduced tumor growth, inhibited the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced ornithine decarboxylase activity, but induced the transglutaminare activity which was inhibited by TPA under different experimental conditions.The effects of NA on ornithine decarboxylare (ODC) and transglutaminase (TG) indicated that nicotinamide (NA) probably programmmed the cells for their death in the natural course of time, i.e. programed cell death. This observation indicates that NA might be a better agent for the detailed study and for the better use in prevention of cancer alone or in combination with other drugs.

Mechanisms and Immune Dysregulation in Arsenic Skin Carcinogenesis

Long-term exposure to arsenic is associated with cancers of lung, urinary bladder, kidney, liver and skin. Arsenic car-cinogenesis might result from oxidative stress, altered growth factors, chromosomal abnormality, immune dysregula-tion, and aberrant epigenetic regulations. Bowen’s disease (As-BD) is the most common form of arsenic-induces skin cancers and is characterized by chronicity, multiplicity, and predisposition in sun-spare skin. However, only about 1% of the population exposed to arsenic developped skin cancers, indicating the host immune response plays an important modulatory role in skin carcinogenesis. In this review, we review the pathomechanisms of arsenic skin carcinogenesis and the immune interactions. Arsenic affects innate and adaptive immune responses through CD4+ T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and Langerhans cells. In skin of As-BD, CD4+ T cells undergo selective and differential apoptosis via Fas-FasL interaction. Numbers and dendrites of Langerhans cells are reduced in As-BD lesions. There is a defective homeostasis and aberrant trafficking of Langerhans cells. Such information is essential to understand the molecular mechanism for arsenic carcinogenesis in both skin and in internal organs.

Cross Sectional Study of Skin Carriage and Enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus aureus among Food Handlers

The prevalence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus was investigated among 200 participants working in three different food processing plants in Egypt. Using skin swabs, 75 (38%) of the 200 tested persons were positive for the presence of S. aureus. Of the S. aureus positive persons, 28 (14%) harboured S. aureus produced staphylococcal enterotoxins. The serotypes of these enterotoxins were enterotoxin A (68%), enterotoxin B (36%), enterotoxin C (46%) and enterotoxin D (18%). Some of these isolates produced more than one type of enterotoxins namely AB, AC, BC, BD, ABC and ACD. Analysis of risk factors implicated in skin carriage of S. aureus as age, gender, marital status, education, duration in employment, frequency and method of hand wash and incidence of chronic skin infection revealed insignificant association with staphylococcal skin carriage. The obtained results put forth the risk of food contracting contamination with enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus owing to skin colonization of S. aureus among food handlers.

S(+)-Flurbiprofen Shows Potent PGE2 Inhibitory Activity in Inflammatory Cells, Superior Cell Transport Activity and Skin Permeability

We developed a novel topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)patch, S(+)-flurbiprofen plaster, (SFPP), containing S(+)-flurbiprofen (SFP), an enantiomer of flurbiprofen (FP). In a previous study conducted in an animal model, we showed good skin absorption and potent analgesic efficacy of SFPP. In this study, to examine the superior features, as an NSAID patch, of SFP as compared to FP and R(-)-flurbiprofen (RFP), we tested the stereospecificity of SFP actions on Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibition in rat inflammatory leukocytes and in the binding activity of the drug to cells, and also the in vitro skin permeability of the drug in the Yucatan micropig (YMP). SFP showed potent inhibitory activity on PGE2 production from peritoneal leukocytes stimulated with a bacterial suspension, as compared to RFP and FP. The half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were 14 nM for SFP, 52 nM for FP, and 17,000 nM for RFP. In the cell binding study, significant and rapid increase of SFP binding to polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) was observed at 5 min after incubation, eventually reaching a steady state. SFP showed significantly higher binding activity for the inflammatory leucocytes as compared to RFP, suggesting its superior transfer potency. The skin permeability profile of SFP, RFP and FP in the YMP model showed that the rank order of the cumulative amount of permeated compounds in the skin was SFP > RFP > FP. The steady-state permeation rate (Flux) of SFP was significantly higher than that of FP (4.89 and 1.55 mg/cm2/h, respectively, p = 0.0068), indicating the remarkably superior skin permeability of SFP. SFP exerted potent inhibitory activity on PGE2 production and superior binding activity to the PMNs and skin permeability, as compared to FP and RFP. These results suggest that SFP possesses favorable characteristics for use as an active ingredient in the NSAID patch.

Study on The Relationship between The Structural Design and Shell Fabric of Men＇s Trousers Based on Skin Stretch

In general,for the majority of men,the amount of exercise is relatively large,so the dress requirements for the men＇ s trousers gradually have new requirements.It pays more attention to comfort and personality.The theoretical basis of the clothing loose amount and structural design are both the shape change cased by skin stretch of human body under various movement conditions,the human body has different postures,which will generate different skin stretch data.The combination of static body type and dynamic movements of human body determines clothing structure design,different body movements,different degree of movements and changes in skin stretch all have a direct impact on the form of clothing attached to the human body.

基于Langer线的穿刺体位对肿瘤化疗患者输液港难免性医用黏胶相关皮肤损伤的预防效果研究

目的探究基于Langer线的无损伤针穿刺体位对肿瘤化疗患者输液港难免性黏胶相关皮肤损伤的预防效果。方法通过平行胸部Langer线对床头抬高60~90°和平卧位穿刺进行皮肤软组织力学、表皮屏障功能理论分析,然后选取2019年5月至2020年5月南京医科大学第一附属医院肿瘤科79例植入胸壁输液港、既往应用Ⅳ3000及液体敷料皮肤保护性屏障仍出现输液港黏胶相关性皮肤损伤的患者为研究对象。采用前瞻性自身前后对照,干预前采用平卧位穿刺,干预后床头抬高60~90°穿刺,比较两种穿刺体位对输液港黏胶相关性皮肤损伤预防效果和带针期间舒适度的影响。结果干预后患者输液港黏胶相关性皮肤相关性损伤总发生率较干预前显著降低(P<0.001),机械性损伤发生率、接触性皮炎发生率较干预前显著降低(均P<0.05),输液港带针期间舒适度较干预前明显提高(P<0.001),且不增加患者穿刺时的疼痛感(P=0.692)。结论床头抬高60~90°穿刺可降低肿瘤化疗患者输液港难免性黏胶相关皮肤损伤,提高患者带针期间的舒适度。

Sézary综合征1例报告及文献复习

目的归纳、分析S啨zary综合征的临床表现特征,提高对该病的诊疗水平。方法报告1例S啨zary综合征患者,并复习相关文献。结果患者男59岁,以全身皮肤潮红伴瘙痒为主要特征,外周血淋巴细胞达171.9×109/L,骨髓中异常淋巴细胞达33.5%,经大剂量糖皮质激素等治疗后缓解。1994年至今国内共报道11例S啨zary综合征患者,男性10例占90.9%,平均年龄56.9±19.1岁,以红皮病、剧痒为显著皮肤表现。结论S啨zary综合征是一种较罕见的T细胞淋巴瘤,多见于老年男性,早期皮肤损害显著但不典型,易被误诊为神经性皮炎、湿疹等。

炎症性肠病伴皮肤表现的临床与病理分析

目的 分析炎症性肠病(IBD)皮肤表现的临床及组织病理特点,为临床诊断提供指导。方法 回顾性分析2例IBD伴皮肤表现的临床及病理特点。结果 1例患者为克罗恩病合并皮肤表现,皮损表现为肛周红斑、溃疡,组织病理表现为真皮非干酪样非感染性肉芽肿,使用乌司奴单抗治疗后溃疡面积缩小。另1例为溃疡性结肠炎合并肠外表现,皮损表现为全身红斑、结节,小腿、臀部可见溃疡,组织病理表现为真皮中性粒细胞浸润,使用英夫利昔单抗治疗后皮损部分消退。结论 IBD合并皮肤表现具有不同的组织病理学特点。诊断时临床医生需结合临床表现及组织病理以免误诊漏诊。

NSEM对付罐作用下家兔表皮形态的观察

用付罐对生物体表皮施加不同的负压作用，能使生物体表皮产生不同的形态变化．家兔体表在加大负压作用后，用自然扫描电镜（NSEM）观察到家兔表皮产生裂纹等一些显著的表皮形态变化．这一结果，为付罐疗法的临床操作提供了一定的依据．

SYTO/EB双重染色法测定皮肤活力

目的:建立一种简便、快速和灵敏的皮肤组织原位活力检测方法。方法:采用SYTO 13和溴化乙啶(EB)两种核酸染色剂对皮肤组织进行双重染色,荧光显微镜下通过颜色不同判断细胞的活力状态并计算出活力百分比。本研究利用SYTO/EB法和一种快速、灵敏的间接活力测定方法WST-1法同时对4℃保存不同时间的皮肤进行活力的检测,并将结果进行比较。结果:两种方法测定的结果均显示皮肤在一定的保存液中4℃保存后两周时活力为新鲜皮肤的30%左右,两个结果在各时相点均未有明显差异。结论:SYTO/EB测定皮肤的活力快速、灵敏且简便,并可原位观察皮肤内各种细胞的活力,不失为一种可取的皮肤活力检测方法。

皮肤镜和反射式共聚焦显微镜在角质形成细胞皮肤肿瘤中的应用

角质形成细胞皮肤肿瘤(KSC)是一类发病率逐年上升的肿瘤,与年紫外线辐射量直接相关,根据不同阶段可以分为光线性角化病(actinic keratosis, AK)、鲍温病(Bowen′s disease, BD)和侵袭性鳞状细胞癌(invasive squamous cell carcinoma, SCC)。KSC的诊断主要通过组织病理学确诊,但早期筛查以及后期随访,无创诊断显得尤为重要。皮肤镜(dermoscopy)和反射式共聚焦显微镜(reflectance confocal microscopy, RCM)属于在体观测皮肤表面以及表皮以下细微结构的无创诊断技术,在皮肤疾病诊断中具有极高的应用价值。本文主要总结并探讨KSC在皮肤镜和RCM下的表现特征以及皮肤镜和RCM在KSC的诊断、筛查和随访中的应用。

Syk和Ki-67在皮肤鳞状细胞癌的表达和意义

目的:探讨脾酪酸激酶(Spleen Tyrosine Kinase,Syk)和细胞增殖核相关抗原(Ki-67)在皮肤鳞状细胞癌(Skin Squamous Ceu Carcinorna,SCC)发生、发展中的作用和意义。方法:采用免疫组化S-P染色法检测Syk和Ki-67在30例SCC组织及其对应的癌旁组织、18例正常皮肤组织中的表达情况。结果:(1)SCC组织中Syk得分为0.50±0.86,较癌旁组织、对照组低(P<0.05)。(2)Syk得分在高、中、低分化程度SCC组织中表达无明显差异。(3)SCC组织中Ki-67得分为7.57±3.16,较癌旁组织、对照组高(P<0.05)。(4)在低分化SCC组织中Ki-67得分高于高分化组(P<0.05)。结论:(1)Syk表达减少或缺失与SCC发生发展存在相关性,但与其分化程度的关系尚不明确。(2)Ki-67在SCC组织中阳性表达上调,尤其在低分化组中,说明它与增殖活性平行相关。(3)在免疫组化S-P法研究SCC组织时,癌旁组织可以替代正常皮肤作为对照组。

改良耳后反S形双瓣技术在电子耳蜗植入术中的临床效果分析

目的:探讨改良耳后反S形双瓣技术在电子耳蜗植入中临床效果。方法:选取2017年6月至2019年6月四川省攀枝花市中西医结合医院收治的80例(83耳)电子耳蜗植入患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组(40例,42耳)和对照组(40例,41耳),观察组在术中应用改良耳后反S形双瓣技术,对照组应用传统耳后S型技术,比较两组听力言语功能康复情况及安全性。结果:观察组总有效率为97.50%,明显高于对照组的70.00%(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后,助听言语识别率高于对照且,左右耳纯音听阈均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组并发症率为2.5%,显著低于对照组的17.5%(P<0.05)。结论:在电子蜗植入中应用改良耳后反S形双瓣技术,可提高总有效率,改善听力言语功能,且具更高安全性。

甲醇浓度和VHb蛋白表达对重组毕赤酵母生产SAM的影响

以插入AOX1启动子调控S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)合成酶/VHb表达单元的重组毕赤酵母为对象,研究了甲醇浓度及vgb表达对菌体生长、SAM产量及SAM合成酶活力的影响,同时也考察了vgb表达对胞内ATP含量及细胞活性的影响。结果表明:甲醇浓度(φ(CH3OH))由0.008提高至0.016后,可提高菌体浓度、SAM产量及单位菌体SAM含量;当φ(CH3OH)=0.024时,SAM产量及单位菌体SAM含量与φ(CH3OH)=0.016时相当,而菌体浓度稍低于φ(CH3OH)=0.016时,高于φ(CH3OH)=0.008时的菌体浓度。提高甲醇浓度导致SAM合成酶活力降低,细胞死亡率增加,说明在所考察的重组菌中SAM合成酶的活性并不是SAM合成的限制因素。在上述3种甲醇浓度时,透明颤菌血红蛋白VHb表达都改善了细胞活性,并在较高甲醇浓度(0.016和0.024)时提高了胞内ATP含量。

图腾文化与“S”形的表意构造——甘肃秦安羊皮鼓舞表演队形的文化含义

秦安羊皮鼓舞是广泛流传于甘肃天水一带,以羊皮鼓为基本道具的一种民间祭礼歌舞活动。由于其特殊的地理位置,因而较为纯粹地保留了原有的形态特征。本文以该活动中舞蹈表演场图所展示的"S"形为研究对象,试图解释其与当地民众的信仰及图腾文化的渊源。

Infrared thermography and meridian-effect evidence and explanation in Bell's palsy patients treated by moxibustion at the Hegu (LI4) acupoint Overall regulation or a specific target?

Subjects with Bell＇s palsy and healthy individuals were treated with moxibustion thermal stimulation on the Hegu （LI4） acupoint; an infrared thermal imaging system was used to observe facial-temperature changes. Bell＇s palsy patients developed low or high temperatures at the affected side, with poor symmetry. Healthy people showed high temperatures on the forehead, medial angle of the eye, nasal ala and around the lips, but low temperatures on bilateral cheeks, thus forming a ＂T-type hot area＂ in the face, with good temperature symmetry. Moxibustion treatment for 11 minutes significantly improved high asymmetry in temperature in the faces of Bell＇s palsy patients. This evidence indicates that moxibustion treatment on Hegu enables increases in facial temperatures in healthy people and Bell＇s palsy patients, especially around the lips. Moxibustion stimulation at the Hegu not only improves the global circulation but also has specific effects on the lips in Bell＇s palsy patients, but the underlying mechanism needs further investigation.

16S rRNA Gene Phylogenesis of Culturable Predominant Bacteria from Diseased Apostichopus japonicus(Holothuroidea,Echinodermata)

Cultured Apostichopus japonicus in China suffers from a kind of skin ulceration disease that has caused severe economic loss in recent years. The disease,pathogens of which are supposed to be bacteria by most researchers,is highly infectious and can often cause all individuals in the same culture pool to die in a very short time. The 16S rRNA gene phylogenesis of the culturable bacteria from the lesions of diseased individuals was conducted to study the biodiversity of the bacterial communities in the lesions and to identify probable pathogen(s) associated with this kind of disease. S. japonica samples were selected from a hatchery located in the eastern part of Qingdao,China. Bacterial universal primers GM5F and DS907R were used to amplify the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria colonies,and touchdown PCR was performed to amplify the target sequences. The results suggest that γ-proteobacteria(Alteromonadales and Vibrionales) of CFB group,many strains of which have been also determined as pathogens in other marine species,are the predominant bacterial genera of the diseased Apostichopus japonicus individuals.

Induced pluripotent stem cells from Huntington's disease patients:a promising approach to define and correct disease-related alterations

Adult somatic cells such as skin or blood cells from either health donors or patients can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs).Given their unlimited self-renewal and differentiation capacities,iPSCs are an invaluable resource to generate terminally differentiated cells.Thus,iPSCs can facilitate the study of human diseases and drug screening,holding great promise for regenerative medicine.Another significant advantage of iPSC disease-modeling is that normal and mutant proteins are expressed at endogenous levels.In addition,subtle phenotypes and the effects of genetic background variations can be assessed by comparison between iPSC lines obtained from different patients and healthy donors as well as isogenic lines,in which disease-related mutations are corrected.