Response of Skirted Suction Caissons to Monotonic Lateral Loading in Saturated Medium Sand

Monotonic lateral load model tests were carried out on steel skirted suction caissons embedded in the saturated medium sand to study the bearing capacity. A three-dimensional continuum finite element model was developed with Z_SOIL software. The numerical model was calibrated against experimental results. Soil deformation and earth pressures on skirted caissons were investigated by using the finite element model to extend the model tests. It shows that the ＂skirted＂ structure can significantly increase the lateral capacity and limit the deflection, especially suitable for offshore wind turbines, compared with regular suction caissons without the ＂skirted＂ at the same load level. In addition, appropriate determination of rotation centers plays a crucial role in calculating the lateral capacity by using the analytical method. It was also found that the rotation center is related to dimensions of skirted suction caissons and loading process, i.e. the rotation center moves upwards with the increase of the ＂skirted＂ width and length; moreover, the rotation center moves downwards with the increase of loading and keeps constant when all the sand along the caisson＇s wall yields. It is so complex that we cannot simply determine its position like the regular suction caisson commonly with a specified position to the length ratio of the caisson.

Influence of deformation load on forging process of aluminium piston skirt

Based on the rigid-plastic theory, the finite element method (FEM) equation which incorporates the influence of impact load and volume force is presented. The hammer forging theory for simulation is also given. On the basis of technological analyses, the piston skirt forging processes of LD11 aluminium alloy are simulated under both mechanical pressure forging and hammer forging conditions. By comparison with the metal flow, fibre flow lines, distributions of strain and temperature of the two forging methods, practical forging was carried out and the product quality was controlled. The deformation pattern of the piston skirt forging process was determined by comparing the simulation results with the practical forging results.

Purification and Identification of Antioxidant Peptides from the Scallop Skirts of Mimachlamys Nobilis

The processes of scallop meats can produce a large amount of by-products like scallop skirts,which are rich in nutrients. This work aimed to obtain the information about antioxidant peptides derived from scallop skirts of Mimachlamys nobilis. The hydro-lysates obtained by trypsin exhibited the highest antioxidant activity( 75.6%,79.5% and 76.7% using DPPH,hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity assays,respectively). The antioxidant peptides( MNAP) were separated and purified using UF membranes,GFC processes and RP-HPLC,and the antioxidant activity of MNAP was identified to be 85.7% using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. The peptides( MNAP) were composed of two peptides with their molecular weights2 855.6 Da and 3 007.2 Da using MALDI-TOF-MS,respectively. The results suggested that the scallop skirts of Mimachlamys nobilis could be explored as a source of antioxidant peptides.

Optimal Skirt Spacing for Subsea Skirted Foundation Considering Floating Stability

A hydraulics model is built in Moses to find the optimal internal skirt spacing for the maximum floating stability of the skirted foundation. The results show that the increase in the internal skirts' number can help improve the floating stability of the skirted foundation. However, with the increase in the internal skirts' number, the improvement of floating stability becomes more and more weak. In this study, an optimal number of four are found for the internal skirt spacing. Moreover, to testify the feasibility of internal skirt spacing, a practical project is modeled, which indicates that the optimal internal skirt spacing can satisfy the requirements of towing.

Influence of Oil Film Inertia on Piston Skirt Lubrication in High Speed Engine

By an iteration method, the influence of oil film inertia on piston skirt lubrication in a high speed engine is investigated. By alternately solving the Navier-Stocks equations and the Reynolds equation, the new iteration method can trace the variations of velocity field and pressure field with time. Based on this, the mixed-lubrication model suitable for the piston skirt of high engines is proposed. By introducing the inertia coefficient, the new lubrication model includes the inertia term in oil film. The model can be also used to solve for the lubrication performances of a piston skirt in low or medium speed engines and for lubrication problem in general excluding the inertia term of oil film , when the inertia coefficient is put equal to zero. The calculation results show that the influence of oil film inertia on the friction force increases with the ratio of the piston skirt's length to its diameter, the inertia coefficient and the eccentricities of the lower and the upper piston skirt, with other conditions kept constant, while the influence of it on the load capacity of oil film is small.

The Surface Skirt in Gaseous Scanning Electron Microscope (GSEM)

In this work, a novel parameter called the surface skirt (Ss) is introduced. The electron beam scattering by gaseous environment is the fundamental parameter limiting the performance of the Gaseous Scanning Electron Microscopy (GSEM). The result is the enlargement of the primary beam characterized by the radius skirt Rs. The scattering phenomena require a much closer re-examination. In fact, depending on the localization of EDX detector and the particles shape to analyze, the collected signal after the beam skirt will be different and Rs also will be different. So, except for homogeneous materials, Rs can not describe the scattering behavior. In this study, the surface skirt Ss instead of the radius skirt is introduced. Unlike Rs, the results show that Ss is a linear function versus pressure. This may help to use Ss in different scattering regimes and for a best interpretation of the consequences of electron scattering beam by gaseous environment. For demonstration, two gases environment: helium and water vapor are given but the results are valid whatever the environment used.

3D FEA simulation of 4A11 piston skirt isothermal forging process

To eliminate the defects during piston skirt isothermal forming process,simulations under different process parameters such as the deformation temperature and friction factor were analyzed with the rigid-plastic FEA.Deformation pattern,metal flow and influence of process parameters were concluded.The prediction load value with a relative error of 4.98% is more accurate to the testing one than that from the empirical formula whose relative error is up to 50.8%.Finally,based on the simulation results,an improved process at 300 ℃ and 0.005-0.05 s-1 was verified without any defects by the physical try-out.

Mixed Lubrication Analysis and Experiment Validation of Internal Combustion Piston Skirt

A mixed lubrication model was established for piston skirt lubrication. The mathematical model developed in this paper incorporates governing equations of motion with average Reynolds equation. This model considers the surfaceroughness and profile. The corresponding computer program can be used to calculate oscillatory motion of piston during the entire trajectory, which has the excellent convergence.In addition, a set of equipment, which adopt the laser induced fluorescent method, was developed to measure the oil film thickness between the piston and the bore.

汽车侧裙板数值成型分析及模具设计

汽车侧裙板长度约为1 m,宽度约为0.1 m,卡扣、加强筋、嵌件孔等复杂结构较多,属于大型细长复杂塑件。大型细长复杂塑件成型难度较大,需要采用数值仿真与模具设计相结合的方法,仿真、设计和验证交叉进行、相互渗透。根据产品的特点拟定了3种进浇方案,仿真结果表明,方案Ⅲ(9点进浇)翘曲变形量最小,其值为4.51 mm。通过验证方案Ⅲ的缩水性、填充时间、填充等值线、填充末端时间差及压力差等参数可知,方案Ⅲ填充均匀、末端压力一致、产品无缩水,表面无质量缺陷,为可行方案。根据方案Ⅲ进行模具设计,包括浇注系统、成型零部件、推出机构、冷却系统等。模具设计完毕后对冷却系统进行验证,结果表明,凸凹模的模温温差小于10℃,模温趋于一致,无翘曲变形风险。基于方案Ⅲ的模具设计可作为最终方案,为模具制造和生产提供方向。

鸟啄损伤对复合绝缘子运行性能的影响研究

复合绝缘子因其性能优越得以在电网领域广泛应用,目前由于鸟类数量增加,鸟啄复合绝缘子的情况日益严重,鸟啄后绝缘子结构遭到破坏,会造成电网线路故障,因此本文研究鸟啄损伤对复合绝缘子性能的影响,为电网运维管理提供参考。首先通过试验对复合绝缘子鸟啄后机电性能进行分析;然后通过人工模拟鸟啄伞裙损伤来研究不同受损占比、不同受损数量对复合绝缘子沿面电场强度与污闪电压的影响;最后开展复合绝缘子护套电蚀损实验、酸浸实验、热老化试验,评估护套损伤对复合绝缘子性能的影响规律。结果表明:鸟啄后复合绝缘子结构遭到破坏,其电气性能、力学性能和防污性能都受到影响,同时护套损伤后,在局部场强、水分、酸、放电产热、机械应力等诸多因素共同作用下,芯棒材料劣化降解,芯棒力学性能下降,存在复合绝缘子异常断裂的风险。

深厚软土深基坑被动区土体加固机制

周边环境复杂地区的软土深基坑对变形控制的要求极高,目前基坑支护主要遵循“强桩强撑”的设计思路,针对坑底以下存在深厚软土地层的情况,对基坑内侧被动区软土进行加固,能改善土体物理力学性能,有效约束基坑开挖变形。建立4种深厚软土地层基坑开挖模型,通过将离心模型试验的实际监测结果与Plaxis3D岩土有限元软件建立的等比例三维数值模型模拟结果相互验证,研究支护桩端在软土中的深基坑变形破坏模式和被动区加固效果。结果表明:在被动区软土未加固的情况下,支护桩端在软土中的基坑发生整体失稳破坏,支护桩进入硬土后的嵌固作用对基坑变形控制非常有利,在被动区设置裙边矩形加固,基坑变形显著减小;随着加固体深度、宽度的增加,基坑各项变形值均呈减小趋势,到一定值后变化不明显,加固深度、加固宽度的有效范围分别为0.4H~0.6H、0.6H~1.0H;加固体尺寸变化对地表沉降的影响最大,其次为支护桩水平位移、基底隆起。

400 km/h高速列车车下带格栅裙板区域气动噪声机理及影响因素分析

位于高速列车车体下部区域的通风口格栅与设备舱壁面构成格栅–空腔结构,列车高速运行时,该结构的流声耦合问题较为突出,有必要深入分析其流声耦合机理。将位于车体下部区域的带格栅裙板简化为带格栅的二维空腔模型(格栅–空腔结构),采用延迟分离涡数值模型(Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation,DDES)研究其气动噪声产生机理、流场和声场特性等。研究结果表明:当列车以400 km/h速度运行时,格栅–空腔结构开口处的剪切振荡较为剧烈,特别是空腔冲击边缘附近区域;基于总声压级的空间、频域分布和湍流压力波数–频率谱,发现形格栅–空腔结构的流场始终处于自激振荡的过渡状态,且各位置的总声压级和波数域上的振荡幅值始终低于V形格栅–空腔结构和半圆环形格栅–空腔结构;对目前常用的半圆环形带格栅裙板考虑通风口的出风作用后,观察到空腔内部的涡团演化明显减缓,直接导致格栅附近的总声压级大幅下降约15 d B,表明出风作用能够显著降低带裙板格栅的近场噪声。

明宁靖王夫人吴氏墓出土团窠双龙戏珠纹暗花缎褶裙形制考

对明代吴氏墓出土团窠双龙戏珠纹暗花缎褶裙形制进行研究推考,探讨明代命妇褶裙形制特征。运用实验考古学、文献图像查阅、个案分析与多元类比相结合的方法,对该裙的出土背景、面料、形制、裙片拼缝方式、褶裥制式及数量、裙与上衣组配方式等方面进行深入分析。结果表明:团窠双龙戏珠纹暗花缎褶裙为两片一腰样式的侧褶裙,裙片共用七幅料拼缝,裙两侧捏“四对四”抱合对褶,为明代较为典型的褶裙制式,具有明显的传承性;该裙与墓中出土短上衣组配,体现了弘治年间江南地区命妇着装的礼仪性与时尚性,代表了明中期命妇典型的生活着装配伍。

本钢特钢小棒材表面划伤改善

分析本钢特钢小棒材表面划伤产生的原因,通过对轧机工装精度提升的管控,空过辊道两侧加装惰轮,设计制作裙板耐磨锥轮,有效解决小棒材表面划伤问题,显著提升成品表面质量,缩短交货期,降低生产成本。

阶级与性别:20世纪中国马面裙的西方再语境化设计——以美国大都会艺术博物馆的两件女裙为例

本文通过考察美国大都会艺术博物馆收藏的两件由中国马面裙裁改设计的西式女裙,揭示西方中国风服饰中裁改再造中华传统服饰的设计方式,并将其置于时尚社会背景中,探究促成其设计形式的社会因素及其在西方再语境化后所呈现出的文化意义。研究表明,两件女裙是特定历史时期西方吸纳中国服饰艺术的产物,它们所展现的设计形式与中西服饰文化差异及彼时的时尚背景密切相关。其在跨文化语境中起到了塑造穿着者精英身份的作用,也是促进20世纪50年代西方时装回归女性化家庭形象的审美支持。

基于降低摩擦功耗的活塞型线优化设计

混合动力汽车对发动机提出高热效率需求,而降低摩擦功耗为提高发动机热效率的有效措施。活塞连杆系统摩擦损耗占整个发动机摩擦损耗的40%~60%,活塞裙部良好的型线设计,可使活塞与缸套间具有合适的油膜间隙,从而产生最佳的流体动力润滑效果,降低活塞摩擦功耗,提高内燃机的热效率。针对某混合动力用高效发动机活塞进行设计优化,使活塞平均磨损载荷降低56.4%,并通过耐久试验验证。

基于改进多因素老化法的极寒地区复合绝缘子伞裙性能退化研究

为探明极寒地区复合绝缘子老化机理,本文采用改进多因素老化方法,研究老化时间对复合绝缘子伞裙理化性能、力学性能以及电气性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着老化时间的增加,硅橡胶材料表面出现裂纹、孔洞和颗粒物堆积等现象,憎水性明显降低,材料整体硬度增加,断裂伸长率迅速降低,力学性能明显下降。同时,硅橡胶材料的介电常数明显增大,介质损耗不断增加,深陷阱能级密度变低,浅陷阱能级密度升高,表面电导率大幅增加,闪络电压急剧下降。

明代四合如意云纹缎绵裙形制及其制作工艺

明代江南地区纺织业发达,工艺精湛,留下众多宝贵的服饰遗存。通过对出土实物的复原,再现服饰原貌,展现明代服饰特色,对推动服饰的保护传承具有一定的积极作用。文章选取无锡七房桥钱樟夫妇墓出土四合如意云纹缎绵裙为研究对象,通过对出土实物资料的搜集整理、数据测量、面料分析、形制阐释及纹样解析对四合如意云纹缎绵裙进行一比一复原。通过相同工艺、结构和质料装饰完成裙装复原,以期再现明代典型马面裙的服饰原貌。