利用褐铁矿型红土镍矿烧结矿制备Fe-Cr-Ni合金

我国是不锈钢第一生产大国,但作为冶炼不锈钢主要原料的镍矿及铬铁矿资源贫乏,占红土镍矿资源总量60%以上的褐铁矿型红土镍矿与低品位铬铁矿愈发受到关注。同时,不锈钢冶炼通常需先分别生产铬铁和镍铁,工艺流程长,生产成本高。因此,本文基于烧结—高炉工艺,利用褐铁矿型红土镍矿烧结矿低成本地一步制备出了Fe-Cr-Ni合金。通过热力学分析及熔炼参数的优化,重点研究了不同Cr_(2)O_(3)含量的含镍烧结矿(S1:4.84 wt%;S3:7.72 wt%)的熔炼特性。在熔炼时间60 min(S1)/90 min (S3)、熔炼温度1600℃、焦粉用量20 wt%、炉渣碱度1.0的最佳条件下,成功制备出了铬品位5.6 wt%~9.3 wt%、镍品位1.55 wt%~1.70 wt%、铁品位84 wt%~88 wt%的Fe-Cr-Ni合金,其铬、镍和铁的回收率分别在90%、98%和96%以上。研究表明,含镍烧结矿Cr_(2)O_(3)含量的提高会造成熔炼时间的延长,这不利于焦比的降低与不锈钢产量的提高。在后续研究中,将开发出由含镍烧结矿与含铬球团矿构成的综合炉料结构,以更有效地实现高铬镍铁的冶炼。

Corrosion of Magnesia-chrome Brick by Smelting Reduction Slag with Iron Bath

Effects of FeO content （0, 5%, 10%, and 15% in mass, respectively ） in lab-synthesized smelting redttc- tion slag with iron bath and test temperature （1 450, 1 500, 1550, anti 1 600 ℃ ） on corrosion am,amount and microstructure of fused rebonded magnesia - chrome brick with 26.02 massqc of Cr2O3 were researched by rotary cylinder method. The results show that ： （ 1 ） the corro- sion amolult of magnesia -chrome brick by slag without FeO is higher than that by the slag with 5% FeO, and the vorrosion amount increases when FeO content increa- ses from 5% to 15% ; （2） the test temperature is one of the important factors affecting the slag corrosion resist- ance of magnesia - chrome brick, and the corrosion of smelting reduction slag to brick increases with the temperature rising.

A novel process for the recovery of iron,titanium,and vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite:sodium modification–direct reduction coupled process

A sodium modification–direct reduction coupled process was proposed for the simultaneous extraction of V and Fe from vanadium- bearing titanomagnetite. The sodium oxidation of vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate and the transformation of iron oxides to metallic iron were accomplished in a single-step high-temperature process. The increase in roasting temperature favors the reduction of iron oxides but disfavors the oxidation of vanadium oxides. The recoveries of vanadium, iron, and titanium reached 84.52%, 89.37%, and 95.59%, respectively. Moreover, the acid decomposition efficiency of titanium slag reached 96.45%. Compared with traditional processes, the novel process provides several advantages, including a shorter flow, a lower energy consumption, and a higher utilization efficiency of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite resources. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

不同处理工艺下钢渣的铁相赋存状态及其对磁选粉收得率和尾渣胶凝活性的影响

钢渣中含有的金属铁及其氧化物是一种高附加值的可再生资源,同时钢渣又可以作为矿物掺合料用在建材行业中。钢渣经不同冷却处理工艺,物相发生演变,从而影响钢渣中铁的回收及尾渣的胶凝活性。为了提高钢渣中铁资源的回收和尾渣的有效利用,文中针对热泼、辊压破碎-有压热闷和辊压破碎-热泼3种不同处理工艺下的钢渣,利用岩相分析、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散谱仪(SEM-EDS)、化学物相选择溶解等手段对不同处理工艺下钢渣的铁相分布及富集状态进行研究,并测定其磁选粉收得率和铁品位,以及尾渣的胶凝活性。结果表明:热泼工艺下钢渣中金属铁更易富集沉积,铁相主要以FeO均匀分布在RO相和铁酸盐相中,相中Fe占比较少,磁选粉收得率较高,但铁品位较差,分别为32.22%和33.43%;辊压破碎-有压热闷渣中未见明显金属铁粒,但含铁相中Fe占比较多,磁选粉收得率低,但铁品位较高,分别为28.37%和37.12%;辊压破碎-热泼渣中,铁相主要以Fe2O3形式存在于铁酸钙相和硅酸盐相,相中Fe占比较多,且含有磁性铁Fe3O4,磁选粉收得率高,铁品位也高,分别为37.60%和39.69%。辊压破碎-有压热闷渣中C2S含量相对更多且发育较好,胶凝活性高,7d及28d活性指数分别为78%和92%;辊压破碎-热泼渣的7d活性指数较低,为66%,但28d活性指数增长到92%;热泼渣的胶凝活性居中。

Slag/metal Separation Process of Gas-reduced Oolitic High-phosphorus Iron Ore Fines

Slag/metal separation process of the highly reduced oolitic high-phosphorus iron ore fines was investigated. Samples were prepared using the reduced ore fines （metallization rate： 88%） and powder additives of CaO and Na2CO3. Slag/metal separation behavior tests were conducted using a quenching method and the obtained metal parts were subjected to direct observation as well as microstructure examination with SEM and EDS; iron recovery and phosphorus distribution tests were conducted using a Si-Mo high temperature furnace and the obtained metal parts were examined by ICP-AES analysis and mass measurement. Thermodynamic calculation using coexistence theory of slag structure was also performed. Results show that temperature for slag/metal separation must be higher than 1823 K and a satisfying slag/metal separation of the highly reduced ore fines needs at least 4 min; phosphorus con- tent of hot metal is mainly determined by thermodynamics; temperature of 1823-1873 K and Na2CO3 mixing ratio of about 3 % are adequate for controlling phosphorus content to be less than 0.3 mass% in hot metal; temperature, time and Na2CO3 mixing ratio do not have significant effect on iron recovery, and iron recovery rate could be higher than 80% as long as a good slag/metal separation result is obtained.

Recovery of iron from copper slag via modified roasting in CO-CO2 mixed gas and magnetic separation

A novel technology,modified roasting in CO-CO2 mixed gas and magnetic separation,was presented to recover iron from copper slag.The effects of various parameters such as dosage of flux(CaO),gas flowrate of CO and CO2,roasting temperature,roasting time,particle size of modified slag and magnetic flux density on the oxidized modification and magnetic separation were investigated by comparison of the X-ray diffraction patterns and iron recovery ratio.The optimum conditions for recovering iron by oxidizing roasting and magnetic separation are as follows:calcium oxide content of 25 wt.%,mixed gas flow rates of CO2 and CO of 180 and 20 mL/min,oxidizing roasting at 1323 K for 2 h,grinding the modified slag to 38.5-25.0μm and magnetic separation at 170 mT.The mineralogical and microstructural characteristics of modified slag revealed that the iron-bearing minerals in the copper slag were oxidized,the generated magnetite grew into large particles,and the silicate in copper slag was combined with calcium oxide to form calcium silicate.Finally,the iron-bearing concentrate with an iron grade of 54.79%and iron recovery ratio of 80.14%was effectively obtained.

Preparation of Chromium-iron Metal Powder from Chromium Slag by Reduction Roasting and Magnetic Separation

Chromium slag（CS）has become one of the most hazardous solid waste containing chromium and iron.Based on its characteristics,the technology of reduction roasting and magnetic separation was employed to treat CS.The major impurity element of CS is magnesium and it exists in magnesium ferrite phase,which is hard to recover iron in the absence of additives.During reduction roasting,additives（Al2O3and CaF2）could destroy the structure of magnesium ferrite and improve the iron grade and recovery.The final product,i.e.chromium-iron powder,contains 72.54% Fe and 13.56% Cr,with the iron recovery of 80.34% and chromium recovery of 80.70%.

铁浴条件下电炉粉尘球团的熔融与分离行为

为了提高对含锌电弧炉粉尘(EAFD)的利用效率,实验研究EAFD球团在铁浴条件下的还原熔化行为。定义铁液滴球形度作为判断其凝聚的标准,然后探讨铁液滴直径和球形度之间随时间变化的关系。根据实验最终建立EAFD颗粒的熔化和分离行为。结果表明,在铁浴条件下,EAFD球团的Zn去除率在5.0 min时达到99%以上,但在15.0 min时金属渣分离还没有完成。由于成分的波动,在EAFD球团中形成几个区域的液态渣,然后液态渣不断增加,直到球团完全熔化。球形度>65%、直径>500μm的Fe液滴的数量随着时间的推移而减少,大直径的Fe液滴先完成分离。渣铁分离过程如下:在布朗运动下Fe液滴在渣中形成,之后Fe液滴直径在马兰戈尼效应下增加,Fe液滴在渣中下降速度符合斯托克斯定律。

焙烧-浸出-磁选回收铜渣中的铁

以煤粉作还原剂,采用焙烧-浸出-磁选工艺对某铜渣中的铁进行了回收实验研究。探讨了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、煤粉用量、碳酸钠用量等因素对铁回收的影响,最佳工艺条件为:焙烧温度800℃,焙烧时间60 min,煤粉用量1%,碳酸钠用量10%,在此条件下获得的焙砂经进一步稀酸浸出和磁选,可获得铁品位62.53%、铁回收率70.82%的铁精矿。

铜渣高温快速还原焙烧-磁选回收铁的研究

采用高温快速还原焙烧-磁选工艺从铜冶炼渣回收铁,系统研究了碱度(Ca O/Si O2)、还原温度、还原时间、还原剂用量等因素对磁选金属铁粉质量的影响。结果表明,铜渣中的铁主要以铁橄榄石形式存在,其次为磁铁矿;在碱度(Ca O/Si O2)0.6、焦粉配比12%、还原温度1 300℃、还原时间30 min、铜渣粒度-0.074 mm粒级占95%、磁场强度0.08 T的条件下,可得到铁品位91.10%、金属化率94.27%的金属铁粉。

添加硅铁对钛精矿直接还原-渣铁分离的影响

利用碳热还原方法研究了硅铁添加对钛精矿还原及渣铁分离效果的影响.结界表明:硅铁可提高还原反应速率和铁的金属化率,在1 380℃还原30 min的金属化率达到84.5%.添加硅铁还可明显缩短还原球团冶炼周期,降低渣中金属铁含量,提高渣铁分离效率及钛渣品位(Ti O2的质量分数为84.75%).同时运用Fact Sage软件对钛渣液相线及黏度进行了理论计算,结果表明:添加硅铁对钛渣黏度影响不大,但可增大钛渣的液相区域,从而有利于金属铁的聚集长大及分离.理论计算很好地解释了实验结果.

某氰化尾渣中磁选回收铁试验研究

为综合回收利用某含金银多金属氧化矿氰化尾渣中的铁,针对氰化尾渣进行了弱磁选和强磁选回收铁的试验研究。试验结果表明:在弱磁粗选磁场强度为238.85 kA/m,弱磁精选磁场强度为159.24 kA/m,弱磁粗选尾矿强磁选磁感应强度为1200 mT的条件下,通过弱磁—强磁分选工艺,获得了全铁品位为64.08%、铁回收率为21.11%的弱磁铁精矿和全铁品位为45.81%、铁回收率为40.31%的强磁铁精矿,综合全铁回收率为61.42%,达到了综合回收利用铁资源的目的。

废炭渣协同二次铁铝渣无害化处理

企业通常采用湿法冶金工艺回收退役锂离子电池中的有价金属,在回收过程中产生废炭渣和二次铁铝渣,其中,二次铁铝渣因含有较多镍、铜等重金属,属于重金属固废,需对其进行无害化处理。基于“以废治废”的理念,本研究提出将二次铁铝渣和废炭渣协同处置,经脱硫、还原焙烧和熔融分离回收有价金属。结果表明,随着焙烧温度提高及脱硫时间延长,二次铁铝渣中剩余硫含量均逐渐减少、脱硫率均逐渐提高。当焙烧温度为1300℃、反应时间为2.5 h时,渣中剩余硫含量为0.068%、脱硫率为99.31%;经还原焙烧、熔融分离后,镍、钴、铜、铁的回收率分别为69.43%、74.52%、79.05%、79.29%;对熔渣进行浸出毒性检测,得到浸出液中铜、镍含量分别为0.013、0.984 mg/L,远低于GB 5085.3—2007限定值,实现了对熔渣的无害化处理。

Phosphorus Removal of High Phosphorus Iron Ore by Gas-Based Reduction and Melt Separation

A new method （gas-based separation plus melt separation） has been proposed to remove phosphorus of the high phosphorus iron ore which was 1.25 % of phosphorus content and 50. 0% of iron content. HSC chemistry package and the coexistence theory of slag structure were adopted for theoretical analysis. The gas-based reduction was carried out using a fixed bed reactor and the ore sample of 80 g with an average particle size of 2 mm were reduced using CO or H2 at temperature of 1 073 K for 5 hours. 50 g of the reduced sample with 3.0% CaO as additive was then subjected to melt separation in an electric furnace at temperature of 1 873 K under Ar atmosphere. In each run, SEM, EDS, optical microscopic examination and chemical analysis of the reduced ore sample, the metal sample and the slag sample were conducted. Results of all gas-based reduction experiments showed that iron metallization ratios were some 65% and the phosphorus compounds in the ore remained unchanged. It was agreed well with the simula- tions except for the iron metallization rate being less than predicted value; this difference was attributed to kinetics. Results of melt separation experiments showed that P content in metal samples is 0.33% （metal sample from H2 reduction product） and 0.27% （metal sample from CO reduction product）. The phosphorus partition ratios of both cases were less than predicted values. Some P in the metal samples existed as slag inclusion was considered to be the reason for this discrepancy.

Recovery of iron and copper from copper tailings by coal-based direct reduction and magnetic separation

A technique comprising coal-based direct reduction followed by magnetic separation was presented to recover iron and copper from copper slag flotation tailings.Optimal process parameters,such as reductant and additive ratios,reduction temperature,and reduction time,were experimentally determined and found to be as follows：a limestone ratio of 25%,a bitumite ratio of 30%,and reduction roasting at 1473 Kfor 90 min.Under these conditions,copper-bearing iron powders（CIP）with an iron content of 90.11% and copper content of 0.86%,indicating iron and copper recoveries of87.25% and 83.44%respectively,were effectively obtained.Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy of the CIP revealed that some tiny copper particles were embedded in metal iron and some copper formed alloy with iron,which was difficult to achieve the separation of these two metals.Thus,the copper went into magnetic products by magnetic separation.Adding copper into the steel can produce weathering steel.Therefore,the CIP can be used as an inexpensive raw material for weathering steel.

铜渣与高炉灰共还原-磁选工艺回收铁试验研究

铜渣与高炉灰共还原-磁选工艺可以协同处理工业固体废弃物铜渣和高炉灰,但不同种类高炉灰所得还原铁指标差异大,针对某高炉灰为还原剂时所得还原铁的铁品位低问题,进行了工艺优化研究。研究发现,升高还原温度和延长还原时间后所得还原铁的铁品位仍较低(<76%),未达到预期目标。通过试验对比了共还原体系中加入氧化钙、碳酸钠、硫酸钠和氟化钙对还原铁的铁品位和铁回收率的影响,结果表明,以氟化钙为添加剂时可以在保证铁回收率的同时提高铁品位;在高炉灰用量50%、氟化钙用量15%、还原温度1250℃、还原时间60 min、粒度-74μm含量59.17%、磁场强度80 kA/m条件下可获得铁品位为91.08%的还原铁,铁回收率为92.55%,优化效果好。试验结果可为铜渣和高炉灰的资源综合利用和共还原-磁选工艺的广泛应用提供参考。

Characteristics and Mechanism of Reduction and Smelting-separation Process of Copper Slag

The characteristics And mechanism of the reduction and smelting-separation process of the copper slag were studied by investigating the variation ：rule of metallization ratio, yield as well as carbon content of iron nuggets. The formation of molten slag is necessary for slag-iron separation, And iron is in half-molten state during smelting-separa- tion process, the carbon content of which is about 1.25 %. Carburization occurs through direct contact between car- bon and iron in essence, no matter in solid or molten state. The carburization rate is slow below 1 200 ℃ , which is inhibited by the existence of slag. Residual FeO in molten slag tends to form fayalite with SiOz in the copper slag, which is the root cause for the low mehing temperature of copper slag. The addition of CaO improves the reducibility of the copper slag, but Al2 O3 addition has no obvious effect. The melting temperature of slag affects the carburiza- tion extent in solid state, while the content of FeO in molten slag affects that in molten state, both of which co-de termine the carbon content in iron nuggets.

Optimization of magnetic separation process for iron recovery from steel slag

To improve the efficiency of iron recovery from steel slag and reduce the wear-and-tear on facilities, a new method was proposed by adding a secondary screen sizer to the magnetic separation process according to grain size distribution of magnetic iron （M-Fe） in the slag. The final recycling efficiency was evaluated by calculating the percentage of recycled M-Fe to the maximum amount of M-Fe that could be recovered. Three types of slags, namely basic oxygen furnace slag, desul- furization slag, and iron ladle slag, were studied, and the results showed that the optimized re- covery efficieneies were 93.20%, 92. 48%, and 85.82% respectively, and the recycling efficien eies were improved by 9.58%, 7.11%, and 6.24% respectively. Furthermore, the abrasion between the mill equipment and the remaining slags was significantly reduced owing to the efficient recovery of larger M-Fe particles. In addition, the using amount of grinding balls was reduced by 0. 46 kg when every 1 t steel slag was processed.

碘-乙醇分离—重铬酸钾滴定法间接测定脱硫渣中金属铁

脱硫渣中金属铁的含量对其再利用具有重要的指导意义,因此测定脱硫渣中金属铁的方法受到关注。在采用碘-乙醇浸取—重铬酸钾滴定法直接测定脱硫渣中金属铁时,因碘-乙醇的存在会干扰后续重铬酸钾滴定法对金属铁的测定,故在过滤分离沉淀后,需在高温下除尽滤液中的碘-乙醇后再进行测定,不仅操作较繁琐,且存在一定的安全隐患。据此,提出了碘-乙醇分离—重铬酸钾法间接测定脱硫渣中金属铁的方法,并对测定条件进行了优化。称取两份相同质量的试样,一份试样采用重铬酸钾滴定法测定其中的全铁量;另一份试样用碘-乙醇浸取其中的金属铁,过滤分离,弃去滤液,采用相同方法测定沉淀中的全铁量;两者之差即为一份试样中的金属铁量,以此间接计算出试样中金属铁的含量。采用实验方法测定金属铁质量分数在0.63%~2.63%之间的脱硫渣生产试样,测定结果与碘-乙醇浸取—重铬酸钾滴定直接测定法相符,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在3.1%~15.9%之间。选择2个脱硫渣生产试样,分别加入不同质量的纯铁进行加标回收试验,金属铁的加标回收率在96%~108%之间。

钒钛磁铁矿熔分碱度对炉渣冶金性能的影响研究

以南非钒钛磁铁矿炉渣为研究对象,通过直接还原-熔分实验并结合XRD分析结果,研究了不同碱度下钒钛磁铁矿炉渣冶金性能及渣铁分离效果的影响,同时探究了碱度对炉渣熔化特性和黏度的影响规律。结果表明,熔分温度1 450℃、配碳量5%时,随着碱度提高,炉渣所对应的软化温度、半球温度与流动温度逐渐升高;炉渣碱度0.9~1.2时,炉渣熔化温度增长率较快,炉渣黏度实测值和计算值均呈先下降后上升的趋势;碱度从0.9上升到1.4的过程中,炉渣中辉石和黄长石的衍射峰强度先增强后减弱,钙钛矿和钙铝尖晶石相对含量呈先下降后逐渐上升的趋势。炉渣碱度1.2时,黏度为0.130 Pa·s,炉渣性能较好。