Soil C and N Pools in Chinese Fir and Evergreen Broadleaf Forests and their Changes with Slash Burning in Mid-Subtropical China

Soil organic carbon （C） and total nitrogen （N） pools of a Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook.） （CF） forest, and an evergreen broadleaf （EB） forest located in mid-subtropical, southeastern China, were compared before clearcutting, with the effect of slash burning on organic C and total N in the top 10 cm of soil before and after burning also being evaluated. Prior to clearcutting CF forest had significantly lower （P 〈0.05） organic C and total N in the soil （0-100 cm） compared to EB forest with approximately 60% of the C and N at the two forest sites stored at the 0 to 40 cm soil. In post-burn samples of the 0-10 cm depth at 5 days, 1 year, and 5 years for CF and EB forests, significantly lower levels （P 〈0.05） of organic C and total N than those in the pre-burn samples were observed. Compared to the pre-burn levels, at post-burn year 5, surface soil organic C storage was only 85% in CF forest and 72% in EB forest, while total N storage was 77% for CF forest and 73% for EB forest. Slash burning caused marked long-term changes in surface soil C and N in the two forest types.

Application of remote sensing,an artificial neural network leaf area model,and a process-based simulation model to estimate carbon storage in Florida slash pine plantations.

Carbon sequestration in forests is of great interest due to concerns about global climate change.Carbon storage rates depend on ecosystem fluxes（photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration）,typically quantified as net ecosystem exchange（NEE）.Methods to estimate forest NEE without intensive site sampling are needed to accurately assess rates of carbon sequestration at stand-level and larger scales.We produced spatially-explicit estimates of NEE for 9 770 ha of slash pine（Pinus elliottii） plantations in North-Central Florida for a single year by coupling remote sensing-based estimates of leaf area index（LAI） with a process-based growth simulation model.LAI estimates produced from a neural-network modeling of ground plot and Landsat TM satellite data had a mean of 1.06（range 0-3.93,including forest edges）.Using the neural network LAI values as inputs,the slash pine simulation model（SPM2） estimates of NEE ranged from-5.52 to 11.06 Mg·ha^-1·a^-1with a mean of 3.47 Mg·ha^-1·a^-1Total carbon storage for the year was 33920 t,or about 3.5 tons per hectare.Both estimated LAI and NEE were highly sensitive to fertilization.

Growth Responses of Young Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) to N, P and K Fertilizers in Red-Yellow Soil in Jiangxi Province, China

During 1991~1995, the growth responses of young slash pine to N, P and K fertilizers and rational rate and ratio of fertilizers in yellow-red soil at Fengshushan Forest Farm, Jiangxi Province were studied. N fertilizer decreased the growth of slash pine, while P not only significantly improved the increment of bottom diameter, height and crown diameter, but also caused earlier canopy closure of the stand. It also had a sustainable effect in the next two years. Slash pine had the most significant response to the treatment of 200 kg P2O5 ha-1, in which tree height, bottom diameter and crown diameter (EW and SN) were increased by 22%, 35%, 20% and 18% in 1994, 21%, 25%, 10% and 10% in 1995, respectively, compared to the control.Although there was no remarkable response to K fertilizer, good growth response to the application of 100 kg P2O5 plus 100 kg K2O ha-1 existed and tree height, bottom diameter and crown diameter (EW and SN)were increased by 31%, 14%, 23% and 21%, respectively, in 1993, compared to the control.

An Epsilon Half Normal Slash Distribution and Its Applications to Nonnegative Measurements

We introduce a new class of the slash distribution using the epsilon half normal distribution. The newly defined model extends the slashed half normal distribution and has more kurtosis than the ordinary half normal distribution. We study the characterization and properties including moments and some measures based on moments of this distribution. A simulation is conducted to investigate asymptotically the bias properties of the estimators for the parameters. We illustrate its use on a real data set by using maximum likelihood estimation.

Impact of slash disposal on soil and water loss and the growth of planted seedlings

The three methods of slash disposal in this experiment were no treatment, strip piling and burning. The results obtained from this study showed that the soil erosion, water and nutrient loss were higher in the logged areas by burning than in the logged areas by no treatment and strip piling. The soil and water loss was not serious when the slope degree of the logged area was less than 16o. The survival rate of planted seedlings was higher and the growth was better in the logged areas followed by burning than in the logged areas by no treatment and strip piling. Burning should not be used when the slope was more than 23o.

Radial growth and non-structural carbohydrate partitioning response to resin tapping of slash pine(Pinus elliottii Engelm.var.elliottii)

Slash pine(Pinus elliottii Engelm.var.elliottii)is a resin-producing species grown worldwide for significant economic benefits for wood production.Resin tapping cre-ates a carbon sink at the expense of carbon allocation for growth and consequently,wood production may be reduced.Non-structural carbohydrates comprising starch and sugars stored in plant organs,may serve as intermediate pools between assimilation and utilisation.However,the effect of resin tapping between tree growth and non-structural carbo-hydrates is not well understood.This study investigated(1)the effects of resin tapping on radial growth,(2)the effects of resin tapping on non-structural carbohydrate pools in different compartments,and(3)the feasibility of resin pro-duction without disruption of tree growth.Twenty one-year-old slash pines were subjected to resin tapping over two suc-cessive years.Non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in needles,branches,stem phloem,and roots of tapped and untapped trees in summer and winter were determined after the second year of resin harvest.The results showed that tapping had no significant effects on annual increments.Starch was the dominant non-structural carbohydrate frac-tion,regardless of tissues and season,and constituted up to 99%of the total non-structural carbohydrates in the phloem and roots.Glucose and fructose were the dominant sugars;sucrose was negligible.Compared with the controls,tapped trees showed 26%lower non-structural carbohydrate concen-tration in the phloem above the tapping wound in summer,which was attributable to the decreased abundance of starch,glucose,fructose,and sucrose.In winter,the altered non-structural carbohydrate profiles in the phloem above the tap-ping wounding were minimised as a result of recovery of the sugar concentrations.In contrast to free sugars,which accu-mulated substantially in needles and branches during winter,starch was enriched in the phloem,roots,and current-year needles.The results provide evidence for a localised effect of resin tapping,and highlight the observation that resin extrac-tion does not always cause a sacrifice in wood growth under a moderate resin-tapping intensity in slash pine plantations.

ZTE DSLAM Improves Operators' Carbon Footprint and Slashes Power Costs

ZTE Corporation (ZTE), a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions, revealed on May 6, 2008 that its award winning Broadband Universal Access System could help operators make a major impact on their carbon footprint as well as save millions of dollars a year in power costs. ZTE’s DSLAM ZXDSL FSAP 9806H overreaches the European code of conduct on energy consumption for broadband equipment, offering a significant power consumption savings per port.

Effects of Slash-and-Burn Practices on Soil Quality at Different Landscape Positions in the Raumoco Watershed, Municipality of Lautem, Timor-Leste

Slash-and-burn practices used by farmers in prior growing periods could affect soil quality, particularly topsoil properties. This study aimed to assess soil biophysical and chemical properties at different landscape levels within the watershed site. Soil samples were collected by a core method in the topsoil layer in slash-and-burn sites. Field analysis was on bulk density and porosity by the gravimetric method, while laboratory analysis was done on organic matter by the Loss on Ignitions Method and other macronutrients for crops (total nitrogen, phosphorus availability, and potassium availability) followed standard analytical methods. To see if there was a significant difference between sites, DMRT 5% was used. The results of the study showed slash-and-burn practice affects soil physical properties such that high bulk density in upstream, midstream, and downstream ranged from 1.55 g/cm3 to 1.71 g/cm3, 1.55 g/cm3 to 1.80 g/cm3, and 1.38 g/cm3 to 1.79 g/cm3 respectively. Poor porosity in upstream, midstream, and downstream ranged from 33.91% to 40.06%, 30.38% to 41.75%, and 30.91% to 46.65%, respectively. Organic matter content was low in the upstream, midstream, and downstream areas, ranging from 2.86% to 3.39%, 2.58% to 3.88%, and 2.91% to 3.88%, respectively. However, soil pH remains neutral, and nitrogen levels are low but near-optimal in the upstream and very low in the midstream and downstream. Phosphorus is extremely high upstream but very low in midstream and downstream. However, potassium remains at a low level close optimum level in the entire watershed.

前枪花吉他手Slash要发片 白条纹主唱拒绝献唱

作为摇滚史上最好的吉他手之一，Slash在离开枪炮与玫瑰乐队13年后终于要发行第一张个人专辑，为了郑重其事，他请来摇滚圈内的多位大腕合作。其中Flea乐队、前涅磐乐队鼓手和喷火战机乐队的核心大卫·格鲁以及传奇歌手艾里斯·库珀已经同意加盟，

他是一把真正的枪——记“枪炮玫瑰乐队”吉他手Slash

我敢说,只要是看过Slash的人,哪怕只要一眼,他就不会忘记。一顶标志性的绅士礼帽,爆炸的长发永远挡在脸庞前面,让你无法看到他的眼睛,黑手套。

抗性湿地松体细胞胚的发育、成熟及萌发

为加快抗松针褐斑病湿地松体细胞胚胎发生技术的产业化应用进程,本文研究了肌醇浓度、脱落酸(ABA)及其添加方式、基本培养基、聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)浓度、琼脂糖种类及浓度、活性炭浓度、液体悬浮培养等因素对抗性湿地松体细胞胚的发育、成熟及萌发的影响。结果表明:添加8 g/L肌醇较适宜,过高浓度的肌醇则不利于湿地松体细胞胚发育;ABA可以采用高压灭菌;基本培养基、ABA、PEG-6000互作对湿地松体细胞胚的成熟影响很大,基本培养基以LP为最佳,ABA的最适浓度为10m g/L,PEG-6000以添加25、50 g/L为宜;在湿地松体细胞胚的成熟培养过程中,PEG-6000的浓度不能高于100 g/L;在湿地松体细胞胚的成熟培养基中,添加60 g/L蔗糖最合适;湿地松体细胞胚的成熟培养基中添加0.5 g/L或1 g/L的活性炭较适宜;培养基状态对体细胞胚的高频率诱导具有一定的影响,悬浮培养以100 mL三角瓶装培养液30 mL、摇床转速130 r/min为宜,液体转固体时吸取培养液1 mL为宜;未建立成熟的体细胞胚发生体系前,以采用固体培养为佳。最佳成熟培养基、激素及部分添加物组合为LP+10 mg/L ABA+50 g/L PEG-6000+60 g/L蔗糖+1.0 g/L活性炭。

How Land Use Policies Are Transforming Shifting Cultivation to Short Fallow Systems and Permanent Cultivation of Annual Crops in Tanzania

Recent studies show that shifting cultivation in Tanzania has transformed into more intensive farming practices. One of the drivers of this shift is the implementation of policies that favor sedentary farming. However, there is inadequate information on how this transformation operates at the village level. Based on a case study of one village in Central Tanzania, this study demonstrates that the village land use plan is the primary policy tool for the transformation and intensification of shifting cultivation at the village level. Through the land use planning process, land is allocated only for lawful uses such as settlement, permanent cultivation, and the village forest reserve. No land is designated for shifting cultivation. Additionally, the land use plans are accompanied by by-laws that restrict shifting cultivation practices, such as the use of fire during land preparation and leaving the land fallow for more than 3 years. The intensification of shifting cultivation was not associated with an increase in the use of farm inputs such as improved seeds, fertilizer, or irrigation, as is commonly practiced in sustainable intensive agriculture. Instead, it was associated with the adoption of short fallow farming systems and labor-intensive land preparation methods, such as deep plowing to loosen the soil and sub-soiling vegetation.

服装中的现代切口设计语言探析

为更好地了解和运用服装切口,以近几年流行趋势中运用切口设计的女装为研究对象,针对切口的设计语言,运用案例分析、文献研究、对比分析的研究方法,分别对点切口、线切口以及面切口的设计语言进行探析,并归纳影响切口语言表达的因素。研究表明:点切口总体设计语言含蓄别致,能形成服装的亮点或能增添服装的设计感与时尚感;线切口设计语言或简洁优雅或丰富生动或具有极强的节奏感、秩序感;面切口构成形式多样,总体设计语言性感野性、大胆张扬。服装切口设计语言已衍生出诸多表达形式,可为现代服饰切口设计提供理论依据和实际参考。

当代青年“斜杠创业”研究:学术史梳理与展望

随着“斜杠青年”在世界范围内的大量涌现,同时持有“受雇”和“自雇”工作的“斜杠创业者”作为斜杠青年的典型代表开始得到研究关注。作为一个受实践驱动的新兴研究领域,国内斜杠创业研究还不够成熟。通过梳理国内外斜杠创业相关文献,明确了斜杠创业的内涵、斜杠创业者的分类,分析了青年斜杠创业的前因、后续选择以及影响,在此基础上总结了现有研究的局限并根据研究发展趋势展望了未来研究方向。

二战期间美军制式服装“斜襟”结构机制探究

在第二次世界大战期间,美国军服经历了从传统“维多利亚结构”向现代结构的转变。本研究采用实物与文献互证的方法,对二战时期美国军服的实物样本进行了深入考证与分析。通过对比图像资料和相关文献,揭示了二战时期美军制服普遍采用的异型“斜襟”结构,并进一步探究了这种结构形成的原因,分析了其制度和文化内涵。研究结果显示,美军制服中“异型”门襟的形成与制度及文化传承之间存在着紧密的联系。经过近十年的稳定发展,这一结构为美军制服现代“斜襟”结构的形成奠定了基础。

重介浅槽分选工艺的优化研究及其应用分析

由于原重介浅槽分选工艺中的末原料无法进行分选,且筛分效率低,经对比后提出优化方案如下:将博后筛改为驰张筛,进行6 mm脱粉,200-6 mm仍采用原有重介浅槽系统进行分选,新增-25 mm粒级精末料离心机。优化后,筛分效率为90%,达到预期效果;水洗系统处理量可达700 t/h,密度为1.67 g/cm3,精料中带矸0.7%、矸石带泥0.9%,此外,分选数量效率高达99.0%,表明优化分选工艺的切实可行。

湿地松自由授粉家系松脂组分遗传变异研究

湿地松（Pinus elliottii Englem.）原产于美国,不仅是重要的用材、纸浆材树种,更是优良的产脂树种。我国在20世纪30年代初开始引进美国湿地松,目前种植面积达200万hm2,已经成为重要的用材、采脂树种[1-3]。松脂是生产松香、松节油的原料,也是重要的工业原料[4];然而,国内对松脂质量研究重视不够,研究方法较粗放[5-7],不能满足我国松脂产业发展对优质湿地松种植材料的需求。

不同立地管理措施对2代杉木人工林3年生林分生长影响的研究

为研究不同立地管理方式对多代经营杉木人工林生产力的影响 ,在 1代杉木采伐迹地上用5种林地处理方式进行 2代杉木人工林营造 ,试验表明 :( 1) BL3 BM0 (收获树干和树皮、加倍填加采伐剩余物 )处理方式对 3年生 2代杉木林的生长最为有利 ,其次为 BL0 BM0 (收获地上所有有机质 )处理 ;( 2 ) BL1BM0 (清走树木的所有地上部分 )处理生长最慢 ;( 3 ) BL2 BM1(商业性收获加炼山 )处理的杉木生长比 BL2 BM0 (商业性收获 )的略好 ,但未达到差异显著水平 ;( 4 )除了 BL3 BM0 处理与BL1BM0 处理间的杉木单株总生物量差异达显著水平外 。