当前IMS Learning Design(IMS LD)规范中虽然整合了QTI(Question and Test Interoperability)规范,但是在当前的播放器中却没有很好地整合QTI服务,这就阻碍了播放器和QTI之间的通信,从而不能很好地实现QTI服务。文中针对SLeD体系结构,...当前IMS Learning Design(IMS LD)规范中虽然整合了QTI(Question and Test Interoperability)规范,但是在当前的播放器中却没有很好地整合QTI服务,这就阻碍了播放器和QTI之间的通信,从而不能很好地实现QTI服务。文中针对SLeD体系结构,在该体系结构中加入了中间软件层,利用这个中间软件层实现了播放阶段QTI和播放器的通信。展开更多
Rocket sleds belong to a category of large-scale test platforms running on the ground.The applications can be found in many fields,such as aerospace engineering,conventional weapons,and civil high-tech products.In the...Rocket sleds belong to a category of large-scale test platforms running on the ground.The applications can be found in many fields,such as aerospace engineering,conventional weapons,and civil high-tech products.In the present work,shock-wave/rail-fasteners interaction is investigated numerically when the rocket sled is in supersonic flow conditions.Two typical rocket sled models are considered,i.e.,an anti-D shaped version of the rocket sled and an axisymmetric slender-body variant.The dynamics for Mach number 2 have been simulated in the framework of a dynamic mesh method.The emerging shock waves can be categorized as head-shock,tailing-shock and reflected-shock.An unsteady large-scale vortex and related shock dynamics have been found for the anti-D shaped rocket sled.However,a quasi-steady flow state exists for the slender-body shaped rocket sled.It indicates that the axisymmetric geometry is more suitable for the effective production of rocket sleds.With the help of power spectral density analysis,we have also determined the characteristic frequencies related to shock-wave/rail-fasteners interaction.Furthermore,a harmonic phenomenon has been revealed,which is intimately related to a shock wave reflection mechanism.展开更多
文摘当前IMS Learning Design(IMS LD)规范中虽然整合了QTI(Question and Test Interoperability)规范,但是在当前的播放器中却没有很好地整合QTI服务,这就阻碍了播放器和QTI之间的通信,从而不能很好地实现QTI服务。文中针对SLeD体系结构,在该体系结构中加入了中间软件层,利用这个中间软件层实现了播放阶段QTI和播放器的通信。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11572154 and 11202100)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2017ZD10002)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Rocket sleds belong to a category of large-scale test platforms running on the ground.The applications can be found in many fields,such as aerospace engineering,conventional weapons,and civil high-tech products.In the present work,shock-wave/rail-fasteners interaction is investigated numerically when the rocket sled is in supersonic flow conditions.Two typical rocket sled models are considered,i.e.,an anti-D shaped version of the rocket sled and an axisymmetric slender-body variant.The dynamics for Mach number 2 have been simulated in the framework of a dynamic mesh method.The emerging shock waves can be categorized as head-shock,tailing-shock and reflected-shock.An unsteady large-scale vortex and related shock dynamics have been found for the anti-D shaped rocket sled.However,a quasi-steady flow state exists for the slender-body shaped rocket sled.It indicates that the axisymmetric geometry is more suitable for the effective production of rocket sleds.With the help of power spectral density analysis,we have also determined the characteristic frequencies related to shock-wave/rail-fasteners interaction.Furthermore,a harmonic phenomenon has been revealed,which is intimately related to a shock wave reflection mechanism.
