Distance Interventions for Children with Sleep Problems: A Review

Sleep problems in childhood are frequent and may cause damage to the children and their families;however,parental orientation appears to be effective in its many new formats,such as the distance treatment.This study aimed to review the literature about behavioral intervention performed by distance to sleep problems in childhood and summarize the main characteristics of such interventions.Searches were performed up to November 2021 in BVS Psicologia ULAPSI Brasil,SCOPUS,and PsycINFO,using the key words:sleep problems,insomnia,nighttime fears,behavioral intervention,behavioral treatment,treatment,intervention,sleep,behavior,child,children,infant,mobile phones,smartphone,app,telephone,online,internet,bibliotherapy.We included 14 studies.The main results indicate that interventions were implemented between 2 and 12 weeks,the most reported procedure was pre-sleep routines,and semi-presential interventions that required some presential contact were the most frequent.Written educational information about sleep through bibliotherapy and telephone contacts were the most used tools to implement the remote component of interventions.Ten studies indicated improvements on children’s sleep,and secondary results(parental sleep and/or mental health)were also reported among studies.Therefore,our findings suggest that distance interventions for childhood sleep problems are promising,but future research is still needed.

Relation between sleep quality and glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients

Objective:To investigate the relation between sleep quality and glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients.Methods:Across sectional descriptive design was used;the study sample including 125 diabetic patients was recruited at diabetic clinics in Zagazig University hospitals.The interview questionnaire sheet consists of 4 par ts:(1)demographic data,(2)medical history,(3)an Arabic version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),and(4)glycated hemoglobin A1c(Hb A1c)analysis test.Results:The mean of sleep duration was the highest score of PSQI components,96.8%of diabetic patients had poor sleep quality,and 90.4%of diabetic patients had poor glycemic control.A highly statistically significant relationship was found between Hb A1c and sleep quality.Moreover,income,duration of disease and smoking were independent positive predictors of Hb A1c level,while the female gender was a statistically significant negative predictor.Additionally,female gender and income were statistically significant independent positive predictors of PSQI score.Conclusions:Poor sleep quality and poor glycemic control were very common among type 2 diabetic patients.There was a highly significant relation between sleep quality and glycemic control.

The effects of exercise on self-rated sleep among adults with chronic sleep complaints

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether and to what extent the observed effects on self-rated sleep in a previous study using a combined treatment program with physical exercise and sleep education can be attributed by the physical activity （PA） component. Methods： The present study reports supplementary analysis of an already described and published study. Data were provided by a nonclinical sample of 98 normal-active adults with chronic initiating and the maintaining of sleep complaints. The additional analysis included sleep log, exercise log, and daily pedometer data which were collected during a baseline week and 6-week of a combined intervention. Results： The results indicate that the number of steps （p -- 0.02） and the duration of PA （p = 0.01） is significantly related to the improvement in subjective sleep measures and therefore reveal an independent effect within this combined sleep program. Sleep diary data （recuperation of sleep, number of awakenings after sleep onset, and wake time after sleep onset time） improved significant （all p 〈 0.01） over the intervention program. About 50% of the participants stated that the PA had an effect on their improvement. Conclusion： Improvements on subjective sleep quality after a combined intervention cannot be attributed to the cognitive component alone, but PA has an independent effect. Adults with chronic sleep complaints benefit from exercise. Therefore structured PA should be implemented in any sleep management programs.

Relationship between Authoritative Parenting Style and Preschool Children’s Emotion Regulation:A Moderated Mediation Model

An authoritative parenting style has been shown to promote children’s emotion regulation in European-American family studies.However,little is known about how sleep problems and the child’s sibling status in Chinese families affect this relationship.Based on family system theory,this study attempts to better understand the relationship between authoritative parenting style and emotion regulation.Mothers of preschool children in Chinese kindergartens completed questionnaires about their children’s sleep habits,their authoritative parenting styles,and children’s emotion regulation.A total of 531 children participated in this study.Results showed that authoritative parenting was positively associated with emotional regulation.Sleep problems mediated the effects of authoritative parenting style on emotion regulation.The child’s sibling status moderated the mediating effects of sleep problems in authoritative parenting and emotion regulation relationships.Specifically,the relationship between the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems was significant for only children,while birth order had no significant influence on the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems in two-child families.These findings suggest that a lowauthoritative parenting style predicts low emotion regulation through sleep problems,and this depends on the child’s sibling status,indicating that children without siblings may impair emotion regulation due to increased sleep problems.