Introduction: Erectile episodes occurring in the night time are considered normal and are usually related to the REM sleep. Spontaneous painful erections are unusual but they can have a great impact in the patient’s ...Introduction: Erectile episodes occurring in the night time are considered normal and are usually related to the REM sleep. Spontaneous painful erections are unusual but they can have a great impact in the patient’s quality of sleep and, for consequence, quality of life. Report: We present a patient who has been presenting painful erections which wake him up almost every night. We discuss the workup and treatment offered to the patient, as well as the short-time response and two months follow-up. Discussion: Although studies still do not explain this relationship, nocturnal erections occur only during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which can be confirmed by polysomnography accompanied by Nocturnal Penile Tumescence testing or RigiScan test. However, diagnosis can be established based exclusively on clinical aspects. Based on all literature reviewed, the initial treatment should safely consist in improvement in sleep architecture and pelvis muscles relaxation. Conclusion: After the first suspicion, polysomnography with rigidity measurements of nocturnal erections should be considered although clinical diagnosis and therapeutic test may be acceptable. The management we suggest is usually effective, well tolerated and sustained.展开更多
General anesthetics (GA) has been discovered for centuries and was often used in surgeries. However, many patients are dying from the usage of GA for different reasons. Although scientists are working on to solve the ...General anesthetics (GA) has been discovered for centuries and was often used in surgeries. However, many patients are dying from the usage of GA for different reasons. Although scientists are working on to solve the problems, the mechanism of GA is still a mystery. Recently, scientists from Duke University found neurons that are active during sleep can be activated in anesthesia. These neurons are called Anesthetic Activated Neurons (AANs). This is a massive step for us to break the mystery. In this paper, we designed an experiment that aims to reveal one mechanism of GA: the relationship between sleep-related neurons and sensation of pain under the use of GA. The designed experiment involves several control groups that consist of mice with different treatments on their genes and different GA.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Erectile episodes occurring in the night time are considered normal and are usually related to the REM sleep. Spontaneous painful erections are unusual but they can have a great impact in the patient’s quality of sleep and, for consequence, quality of life. Report: We present a patient who has been presenting painful erections which wake him up almost every night. We discuss the workup and treatment offered to the patient, as well as the short-time response and two months follow-up. Discussion: Although studies still do not explain this relationship, nocturnal erections occur only during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which can be confirmed by polysomnography accompanied by Nocturnal Penile Tumescence testing or RigiScan test. However, diagnosis can be established based exclusively on clinical aspects. Based on all literature reviewed, the initial treatment should safely consist in improvement in sleep architecture and pelvis muscles relaxation. Conclusion: After the first suspicion, polysomnography with rigidity measurements of nocturnal erections should be considered although clinical diagnosis and therapeutic test may be acceptable. The management we suggest is usually effective, well tolerated and sustained.
文摘General anesthetics (GA) has been discovered for centuries and was often used in surgeries. However, many patients are dying from the usage of GA for different reasons. Although scientists are working on to solve the problems, the mechanism of GA is still a mystery. Recently, scientists from Duke University found neurons that are active during sleep can be activated in anesthesia. These neurons are called Anesthetic Activated Neurons (AANs). This is a massive step for us to break the mystery. In this paper, we designed an experiment that aims to reveal one mechanism of GA: the relationship between sleep-related neurons and sensation of pain under the use of GA. The designed experiment involves several control groups that consist of mice with different treatments on their genes and different GA.