Distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the surface sliver defect on the exposed panel of automobile:A quantitative electrolysis method

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface.A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology,size,composition,quantity,and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel.The Al2O3 inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10μm.The aggregation sections of the Al2O3 inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction,with a spacing of 3–7 mm,a length of 6–7 mm,and a width of about 3 mm.The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16%with an average value of 0.08%,the inclusion number density is 40 mm−2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13μm.The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160μm,with an average value of 68.76μm in chain-like inclusion parts.The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002%and 1–2 mm^−2,respectively,with the inclusion spacing of 400μm and the size of Al2O3 being 1–3μm.

Generation mechanism and motion behavior of sliver defect in single crystal Ni-based superalloy

Sliver is a common but easily neglected defect in single crystal Ni-based superalloy castings.To date,there is still no unified viewpoint on its formation mechanism and generation causes.In this work,the orientation discontinuity and motion behavior of sliver defects were studied through experiments and numerical simulations.The ultrathin wedge-shaped specimen containing the grain boundary of the sliver and the matrix was prepared at the initial position of the sliver defect for the observation of equal thick-ness fringes.The discontinuity of equal thickness fringes on both sides of the grain boundary was ob-served through a transmission electron microscope,which directly confirms the abrupt change in the orientation between the sliver and matrix from the nanoscale.The crystal lattices at the smooth area and the bulging area of the grain boundary were found to have unusually different arrangements.The irregular lattice arrangement at the bulging area shows that the grain boundary has experienced high-stress deformation.Statistical results of sliver orientation deviation with a further composition analysis show the micro protuberance of the mold shell has a noticeable inductive effect on the sliver generation.Furthermore,a self-developed three-dimensional phase-field simulation model coupled with the spatial topology algorithm is established to simulate the orientation deflection behavior and orientation devia-tion threshold of fractured dendrites.The simulation results indicated that there is an upper limit of the cross-section solid fraction at the fracture position for the motion of the fractured dendrites.When the cross-section solid fraction at the fracture position is higher than this upper limit,it will be difficult to produce large deviation slivers due to the structural limitation of surrounding dendrites.This upper limit does not change with the solidification temperature gradient.