Five-phase Synchronous Reluctance Machines Equipped with a Novel Type of Fractional Slot Winding

Multi-phase machines are so attractive for electrical machine designers because of their valuable advantages such as high reliability and fault tolerant ability.Meanwhile,fractional slot concentrated windings(FSCW)are well known because of short end winding length,simple structure,field weakening sufficiency,fault tolerant capability and higher slot fill factor.The five-phase machines equipped with FSCW,are very good candidates for the purpose of designing motors for high reliable applications,like electric cars,major transporting buses,high speed trains and massive trucks.But,in comparison to the general distributed windings,the FSCWs contain high magnetomotive force(MMF)space harmonic contents,which cause unwanted effects on the machine ability,such as localized iron saturation and core losses.This manuscript introduces several new five-phase fractional slot winding layouts,by the means of slot shifting concept in order to design the new types of synchronous reluctance motors(SynRels).In order to examine the proposed winding’s performances,three sample machines are designed as case studies,and analytical study and finite element analysis(FEA)is used for validation.

Survey on performance of vertical slot and nature-like fishways at Angu hydropower station, Southwest China

To restore dam-blocked natural fish migratory passages,a growing number of artificial fishways have been built in water conservancy and hydropower projects in China.The Angu hydropower station involved diverse important fish habitats in the lower reaches of the Daduhe River in Southwest China.Therefore,a vertical slot fishway(VSF)and a nature-like fishway(NLF)were built near the backwater area of the reservoir to connect the upstream and downstream habitats.Hydrodynamic and aquatic ecological surveys were conducted after the completion of the project to estimate the fish passing effect of the two fishways.The results indicated that both fishways were in effective operation and could maintain the desired hydrodynamic conditions and be used by several local fish species.During the survey,149 fish from 15 species and 111 fish from 17 species were captured by the traps in the VSF and NLF,respectively,while 1263 fish from 27 species were found in the downstream area.Some species captured in the VSF were not found in the NLF,and vice versa,which implied the different preferences of fish.Meanwhile,3789 signals including 2099 upward ones and 1690 downward ones were monitored with an ultrasonic fish detector at the inlet of the VSF.These findings revealed the characteristics of fish species observed in and near the fishways and provided valuable insights into the different fish passing capabilities of VSFandNLF.

数字大平板SLOT技术在脊柱侧弯上的临床应用

目的探讨数字大平板SLOT技术在脊柱侧弯上的临床应用价值。方法选择52例脊柱侧弯患者,应用数字大平板SLOT技术对脊柱从上至下进行连续曝光,再经过SLOT Radiography软件对采集图像进行处理,得到全脊柱图像,并对图像进行评价。结果 52例脊柱侧弯患者,S形侧弯14例(27%),左侧弯23例(44%),右侧弯15例(29%);其中胸椎侧弯17例,腰椎侧弯21例,合并椎体畸形7例,合并骨盆倾斜改变1例。所有病例都能在一张X线胶片上清晰显示颈、胸、腰、骶尾椎,整个图像无拼接伪影,椎体的清晰度符合标准的脊柱影像要求,并能准确的测量Cobb角。结论数字大平板的SLOT全景技术能有效地去除拼接伪影,使全脊柱能同时在1张X线胶片上完整无缝呈现,全景图像清晰,密度均匀一致,影像质量完全达到了临床对侧弯长度和Cobb角测量的要求,为脊柱侧弯矫形术治疗方案的旋转,术前设计及术后评估提供了可靠的影像学依据。

Modified Reynolds Equation for Squeeze-Film Air Damping of Slotted Plates in MEMS Devices

A differential equation for calculating squeeze-film air damping in slotted plates is developed by modifying the Reynolds equation. A term is added to account for the effect of airflow through the slots on the air damping of the plate. The end effect of the airflow in the slots is also treated by substituting an effective channel length for the geometric channel length （i. e. the thickness of the plate）..The damping pressure distribution, damping force, and damping force coefficient of the slotted plates can be found by solving the equation under appropriate boundary conditions. With restrictions on the thickness and the lateral dimensions of the slotted plate removed,the equation provides a useful tool for analysing the squeeze-film air damping effect of slotted plates with finite thickness and finite lateral dimensions. For a typical slotted plate structure, the damping force coefficient obtained by this equation agrees well with that generated by ANSYS.

Full Wave Analysis of a Broad Wall Waveguide Slot Coupler

A rigorous analysis of a broad wall slot coupler composed of two crossed rectangular waveguides by using FDTD method is presented. Two types of slots, a longitudinal/transverse slot and a centered-inclined slot, are analyzed. Coupling slot characteristics are obtained, including scattering parameters and the resonant length for different waveguide dimensions and frequencies. The numerical results are all in good agreement with those by the method of moments. A coupler system with a short circuit port is also analyzed to help designing the slot array.

slot波导包覆层对功率密度的影响

理论模拟研究了硅基绝缘(SOI)的slot波导中槽内限制功率与slot波导的结构参数以及包覆层折射率的关系。结果表明,如果包覆层的折射率偏离衬底SiO2的折射率,相同参数下的slot波导的传输损耗大于包覆层为SiO2的结构的传输损耗。分析表明,如果包层与衬底折射率不同,限制的光功率会从slot缝隙中渗透到折射率较高的衬底或者包层中,从而引起能量的损耗。理论模拟得到了在缝隙宽度为0.12μm的情况下,slot波导槽内最大的光功率限制为28.54%,这个值包含了纳米线波导与slot波导直接耦合产生的耦合损耗以及slot波导自身的传输损耗。

Shielding Effectiveness of Rural Concealed Communication Cable of Asymmetric/Symmetric Slots with Different Shapes

With the rural concealed communication cable as the study object, the shielding effectiveness of different slot shapes was analyzed by using LBEM （linear boundary element method）. The engineering example results showed that for twocore shielded cable, the coupling capacitance of trapezoid slots （asymmetric and symmetric） changed the most, followed by rectangular slots （asymmetric and symmetric）, and the changes of wedge slots were the smallest, but the change tenden- cies were consistent. In addition, with the increase of slot width of different slots, the coupling capacitance of tow-cored shielded cable showed small change.

基于slot波导的硅基长波红外偏振无关定向耦合器分析

硅基长波红外集成光电子器件是集成光学发展的一个新兴领域.阐述了利用等比例放大原理设计该波段下的slot波导的思路,分析了波导的限制因子、偏振特性等性质,并提出了工作波长为10.6μm的偏振无关slot波导定向耦合器.

一种基于动态slot分配的公平调度算法

Hadoop框架中基于缺额的公平调度算法以统一的固定配置设置定时计算和更新作业信息,在一定程度上影响了其作业调度的公平性,同时也不能满足作业的资源需求。针对基于缺额的公平调度算法配置方式的不足,提出一种基于公平性的动态slot分配算法,通过实时计算更新缺额进行slot分配以确保真正的公平性。

Induced drill-spray during hydraulic slotting of a coal seam and its influence on gas extraction

Hydraulic slotting can induce drill spray in a gassy,low permeability coal seam.This then influences subsequent gas extraction.This paper describes the drill spray phenomenon from a mechanical perspective and analyzes the effects of water jet damage during slotting.A simulation of the stresses around the drill hole and slot was prepared using FLAC-3D code.It helps explain the induction of drill spray during hydraulic slotting.The stress concentration around the bore increases as the diameter of the hole increases.As the hole enlarges the variation in stress also increases,which introduces an instability into the coal.This allows easy breaking and removal of the coal.Destruction of the coal structure by the water jet is the major factor causing drill spray.Energy stored as either strain or gas pressure is released by the water jet and this causes the coal to fracture and be expelled from the hole.Field tests showed the effect on gas extraction after slotting with drill spray.The concentration of gas increases after drilling.Compared to conventional techniques,the hydraulic slotted bore gives a gas concentration three times higher and has an effective range twice as far.This makes the gas extraction process more efficient and allows reduced construction effort.

Experimental Investigation of a Fixed-geometry Two-dimensional Mixed-compression Supersonic Inlet with Sweep-forward High- light and Bleed Slot in an Inverted ＂X＂-type Layout

A fixed-geometry two-dimensional mixed-compression supersonic inlet with sweep-forward high-light and bleed slot in an inverted ＂X＂-form layout was tested in a wind tunnel. Results indicate： （1） with increases of the free stream Mach number, the total pressure recovery decreases, while the mass flow ratio increases to the maximum at the design point and then decreases; （2） when the angle of attack, a, is less than 6°, the total pressure recovery of both side inlets tends to decrease, but, on the lee side inlet, its values are higher than those on the windward side inlet, and the mass flow ratio on lee side inlet increases first and then falls, while on the windward side it keeps declining slowly with the sum of mass flow on both sides remaining almost constant; （3） with the attack angle, a, rising from 6° to 9°, both total pressure recovery and mass flow ratio on the lee side inlet fall quickly, but on the windward side inlet can be observed decreases in the total pressure recovery and increases in the mass flow ratio; （4） by comparing the velocity and back pressure characterristics of the inlet with a bleed slot to those of the inlet without, it stands to reason that the existence of a bleed slot has not only widened the steady working range of inlet, but also made an enormous improvement in its performance at high Mach numbers. Besides, this paper also presents an example to show how this type of inlet is designed.

Progress on the hydraulic measures for grid slotting and fracking to enhance coal seam permeability

A method of hydraulic grid slotting and hydraulic fracturing was proposed to enhance the permeability of low permeability coal seam in China. Micro-structural development and strength characteristics of coal were analysed to set up the failure criterion of coal containing water and gas, which could describe the destruction rule of coal containing gas under the hydraulic measures more accurately. Based on the theory of transient flow and fluid grid, the numerical calculation model of turbulence formed by high pressure oscillating water jet was used. With the high speed photography test, dynamic evolution and pulsation characteristics of water jet water analysed which laid a foundation for mechanism analysis of rock damage under water jet. Wave equation of oscillating water jet slotting was established and the mechanism of coal damage by the impact stress wave under oscillation jet was revealed. These provide a new method to study the mechanism of porosity and crack damage under high pressure jet.Fracture criterion by jet slotting was established and mechanism of crack development controlled by crack zone between slots was found. The fractures were induced to extend along pre-set direction,instead of being controlled by original stress field. The model of gas migration through coal seams after the hydraulic measures for grid slotting and fracking was established. The key technology and equipment for grid slotting and fracking with high-pressure oscillating jet were developed and applied to coal mines in Chongqing and Henan in China. The results show that the gas permeability of coal seam is enhanced by three orders of magnitude, efficiency of roadway excavation and mining is improved by more than 57%and the cost of gas control is reduced by 50%.

An Effective Cloud Workflow Scheduling Approach Combining PSO and Idle Time Slot-Aware Rules

Workflow scheduling is a key issue and remains a challenging problem in cloud computing.Faced with the large number of virtual machine(VM)types offered by cloud providers,cloud users need to choose the most appropriate VM type for each task.Multiple task scheduling sequences exist in a workflow application.Different task scheduling sequences have a significant impact on the scheduling performance.It is not easy to determine the most appropriate set of VM types for tasks and the best task scheduling sequence.Besides,the idle time slots on VM instances should be used fully to increase resources'utilization and save the execution cost of a workflow.This paper considers these three aspects simultaneously and proposes a cloud workflow scheduling approach which combines particle swarm optimization(PSO)and idle time slot-aware rules,to minimize the execution cost of a workflow application under a deadline constraint.A new particle encoding is devised to represent the VM type required by each task and the scheduling sequence of tasks.An idle time slot-aware decoding procedure is proposed to decode a particle into a scheduling solution.To handle tasks'invalid priorities caused by the randomness of PSO,a repair method is used to repair those priorities to produce valid task scheduling sequences.The proposed approach is compared with state-of-the-art cloud workflow scheduling algorithms.Experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms the comparative algorithms in terms of both of the execution cost and the success rate in meeting the deadline.

青少年脊柱侧弯72例Slot全脊柱X线摄影技术的应用

青少年脊柱侧弯在全部脊柱侧弯患者中占70％～80％，可影响患者体型、外观和健康发育，轻者造成脊柱运动功能障碍，严重者造成心肺功能障碍。另外，少数可造成脊髓压迫而致下肢瘫痪及排便功能障碍，因此早发现和早治疗成为首要任务bJ。全脊柱x线摄影是对脊柱侧弯患者进行术前评估病情、测量确定方案和观察治疗效果的基础，合适的X线检查可以显示脊柱侧弯的部位、弯曲程度等。目前，国内由于X线摄影探测器长度限制，无法进行一次性脊柱摄影成像，要想得到全脊柱影像，只能将颈胸椎和腰椎分别摄影后将两张照片拼接叠加进行测量诊断，这种方法得到的影像通常会因为病人体位变化及呼吸运动而造成影像失真，从而造成测量误差，进而影响矫正效果及术后评估。Slot技术，即狭缝曝光采集技术（Slot Radiography）的出现，使得在一张图像上一次完成全脊柱摄影成为可能。本研究回顾性分析了2010年10月～2014年6月采用Slot摄影的72例拟行脊柱侧弯畸形矫正术青少年患者的全脊柱x射线影像，以探讨Slot技术在脊柱侧弯畸形矫正术中的应用价值。

Fluid-based Slotting Optimization for Automated Order Picking System with Multiple Dispenser Types

Slotting strategy heavily influences the throughput and operational cost of automated order picking system with multiple dispenser types, which is called the complex automated order picking system （CAOPS）. Existing research either focuses on one aspect of the slotting optimization problem or only considers one part of CAOPS, such as the Low-volume Dispensers, to develop corresponding slotting strategies. In order to provide a comprehensive and systemic approach, a fluid-based slotting strategy is proposed in this paper. The configuration of CAOPS is presented with specific reference to its fast-picking and restocking subsystems. Based on extended fluid model, a nonlinear mathematical programming model is developed to determine the optimal volume allotted to each stock keeping unit （SKU） in a certain mode by minimize the restocking cost of that mode. Conclusion from the allocation model is specified for the storage modules of high-volume dispensers and low-volume dispensers. Optimal allocation of storage resources in the fast-picking area of CAOPS is then discussed with the aim of identifying the optimal space of each picking mode. The SKU assignment problem referring to the total restocking cost of CAOPS is analyzed and a greedy heuristic with low time complexity is developed according to the characteristics of CAOPS. Real life application from the tobacco industry is presented in order to exemplify the proposed slotting strategy and assess the effectiveness of the developed methodology. Entry-item-quantity （EIQ） based experiential solutions and proposed-model-based near-optimal solutions are compared. The comparison results show that the proposed strategy generates a savings of over 18% referring to the total restocking cost over one-year period. The strategy proposed in this paper, which can handle the multiple dispenser types, provides a practical quantitative slotting method for CAOPS and can help picking-system-designers make slotting decisions efficiently and effectively.

Numerical modeling of effect of slot on bubble motion in aluminum electrolytic process

A transient three-dimensional（3 D） model was established to understand the bubble motion in an industrial electrolytic process. An anode with a new design was tested. It incorporates two slots that allow an efficient removal of gas bubbles. The electromagnetic fields were described by solving Maxwell＇s equations. The bubble movement was studied with two-way coupling Euler-Lagrange approach. The interplay of current density and bubble nucleation rate was included. The collision and coalescence of bubbles were considered. Random walk module was invoked for involving the chaotic effect of the turbulence. The numerical results were validated by experimental measurements. The results indicate that the current distribution and the bubble nucleation periodically change. Due to the slot, the bubble elimination heavily increases. The contribution of the slot to the bubble removal exceeds 50% in the case of three currents, and the promotion of the slot decays with increasing the current.

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Three Rows of Vertical Slotted Wall Breakwaters

In this study, we examine the hydrodynamic characteristics of three rows of vertical slotted wall breakwaters in which the front and middle walls are permeable and partially immersed in a water channel of constant depth, whereas the third wall is impermeable. The wave–structure interaction and flow behavior of this type of breakwater arrangement are complicated and must be analyzed before breakwaters can be appropriately designed. To study the hydrodynamic breakwater performance, we developed a mathematical model based on the eigenfunction expansion method and a least squares technique for predicting wave interaction with three rows of vertical slotted wall breakwaters. We theoretically examined the wave transmission, reflection, energy loss, wave runup, and wave force under normal regular waves. Comparisons with experimental measurements show that the mathematical model results adequately reproduce most of the important features. The results of this investigation provide a better understanding of the hydrodynamic performance of triple-row vertical slotted wall breakwaters.

Wet Gas Meter Development Based on Slotted Orifice Couple and Neural Network Techniques

A slotted orifice has many superiorities over a standard orifice. For single-phase flow measurement, its flow coefficient is insensitive to the upstream velocity profile. For two phase flow measurement, various characteristics of its differential pressure （DP） are stable and closely correlated with the mass flow rate of gas and liquid. The complex relationships between the signal features and the two-phase flow rate are established through the use of a back propagation （BP） neural network. Experiments were carried out in the horizontal tubes with 50ram inner diameter, ooerated with water flow rate in the range of 0.2m^3·h^-1 to 4m3·h^-1, gas flow rate in the range of 100m^3·h^-1 to 1000m^3·h^-1, and pressure at 400kPa and 850kPa respectively, where the temperature is ambient temperature. This article includes the principle of wet gas meter development, the experimental matrix, the signal processing techniques and the achieved results. On the basis of the results it is suggested that the slotted orifice couple with a trained neural network may provide a simple but efficient solution to the wet gas meter development.

Theory and Experimental Verification on Cymbal-shaped Slotted Valve Piezoelectric Pump

Valve piezoelectric pumps usually have larger flow rate than that of valveless ones. However, the traditional cantilever valve easily induces stress concentration which impacts the reliability of pumps. Therefore, a cymbal-shaped slotted check valve is proposed to be applied in a piezoelectric pump in order to reduce the stress concentration of the valve and thus improve the reliability of the piezoelectric pump. The structure and working principle of the piezoelectric pump are analyzed; the stress analysis of the cymbal-shaped slotted valve diaphragm is conducted. In addition, finite element software is employed to analyze the difference of the Von-Mises stress between the cymbal-shaped slotted diaphragm and the slotted flat diaphragm. The simulation results show that, the Von-Mises stress of cymbal-shaped slotted diaphragm is smaller than that of the slotted flat one. Furthermore, the cymbal-shaped slotted valve piezoelectric pump is also fabricated, and flow rate experiment is performed. The experimental results indicate that the flow rate of piezoelectric pump working in low frequencies(0 Hz < f< 50 Hz) is larger than that working in high frequencies(200 Hz < f< 2000 Hz). When driven at voltage of 160 V and frequency of 5 Hz, the pump reaches its maximum flow rate of 6.6 g/min. The experimental results validate the feasibility of the cymbal-shaped slotted check valve. This research can effectively solve the problem of stress concentration of valve piezoelectric pumps and is helpful for improving the reliability of them.

Design of intelligent distinguishing system for slot machine based on PLC

Due to the emergence of a large number of counterfeit notes and incomplete coins in the slot machine of self-service bus, to improve the automization of intelligent slot machine, based on multi-sensor testing technology, using programming log- ic controller （PLC） as the core of the whole system, the PLC hardware design and software design are accomplished for the first time to detect the counterfeit notes and coins. The system was tested by many groups of experiments. The results show that the system has reliable recognition rate, good flexibility and stability, reaching the accuracy of 97%.