Five-phase Synchronous Reluctance Machines Equipped with a Novel Type of Fractional Slot Winding

Multi-phase machines are so attractive for electrical machine designers because of their valuable advantages such as high reliability and fault tolerant ability.Meanwhile,fractional slot concentrated windings(FSCW)are well known because of short end winding length,simple structure,field weakening sufficiency,fault tolerant capability and higher slot fill factor.The five-phase machines equipped with FSCW,are very good candidates for the purpose of designing motors for high reliable applications,like electric cars,major transporting buses,high speed trains and massive trucks.But,in comparison to the general distributed windings,the FSCWs contain high magnetomotive force(MMF)space harmonic contents,which cause unwanted effects on the machine ability,such as localized iron saturation and core losses.This manuscript introduces several new five-phase fractional slot winding layouts,by the means of slot shifting concept in order to design the new types of synchronous reluctance motors(SynRels).In order to examine the proposed winding’s performances,three sample machines are designed as case studies,and analytical study and finite element analysis(FEA)is used for validation.

Investigation of Optimal Split Ratio of 6-Slot/2-pole High Speed Permanent Magnet Motor with Toroidal Winding

Split ratio,i.e.the ratio of stator inner diameter to outer diameter,has a closed relationship with electromagnetic performance of permanent magnet(PM)motors.In this paper,the toroidal windings with short end-winding axial length are employed in the 6-slot/2-pole(6s/2p)PM motor for high speed applications.The split ratio is optimized together with the ratio of inner slot to outer slot area,i.e.slot ratio,considering stator total loss(stator iron loss and copper loss).In addition,the influence of maximum stator iron flux density and tooth-tip on the optimal split ratio,slot ratio,and average torque is investigated.The analytical predictions show that when the slot ratio is 0.5,the maximum torque can be achieved,and the optimal split ratio increases with the decrease of slot ratio,as confirmed by the finite element(FE)analyses.Finally,some of predicted results are verified by the measured results of 6s/2p prototype motor with 0.5 slot ratio.

Research on Slot-pole Combination in High-power Direct-drive PM Vernier Generator for Fractional Frequency Transmission System

Offshore wind energy is an important part of clean energy,and the adoption of wind energy to generate electricity will contribute to the implementation of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The combination of the fractional frequency transmission system(FFTS) and the direct-drive wind turbine generator will be beneficial to the development of the offshore wind power industry.The use of fractional frequency in FFTS is beneficial to the transmission of electrical energy,but it will also lead to an increase in the volume and weight of the generator,which is unfavorable for wind power generation.Improving the torque density of the generator can effectively reduce the volume of the generators.The vernier permanent magnet machine(VPM) operates on the magnetic flux modulation principle and has the merits of high torque density.In the field of electric machines,the vernier machine based on the principle of magnetic flux modulation has been proved its feasibility to reduce the volume and weight.However,in the field of low-speed direct-drive machines for high-power fractional frequency power generation,there are still few related researches.Therefore,this paper studies the application of magnetic flux modulation in fractional frequency and high-power direct-drive wind turbine generators,mainly analyzes the influence of different pole ratios and different pole pairs on the generator,and draws some conclusions to provide reference for the design of wind turbine generators.

Influence of Inner/Outer Stator Pole Ratio and Relative Position on Electromagnetic Performance of Partitioned Stator Switched Flux Permanent Magnet Machines

Based on the 6-pole outer stator(armature winding-stator),the influence of inner(permanent magnet-stator)/outer stator pole ratio n(n=NIS/NOS),stator relative positions and rotor pole number combinations on electromagnetic performance of partitioned stator switched flux permanent magnet(PM)machines(PS-SFPMMs)is investigated in this paper.Since the armature windings and PMs are located in two separated stators and PMs are stationary,PS-SFPMMs have high fault tolerance capabilities.To maximize the torque performance,the PM of inner stator pole should be aligned with outer stator pole when n is odd while the iron rib of inner stator pole should be aligned with outer stator pole when n is even.No matter what n is selected,the rotor pole number NR can be any integers except the phase number and its multiples.The analysis results indicate that the optimal NR is closed to(NIS+NOS)/2 and it is odd when n is odd while it is even when n is even.Meanwhile,symmetrical phase back-EMF waveform will be obtained when the ratio of Min(NOS,NIS)to the greatest common divisor of Min(NOS,NIS)and NR is even.Based on the optimal rotor pole numbers for 6-pole outer stator with different n and corresponding optimal relative position together with same rated copper loss,the average torque is improved by 18.4%,25.1%and 25.7%respectively in PS-SFPMMs with n equal to 2,3 and 4 when compared with PS-SFPMM with n equal to 1.The analyses are validated by experiment results of the prototype machine.

Optimal Pole Ratio of Spoke-type Permanent Magnet Vernier Machines for Direct-drive Applications

Due to magnetic gearing effects,spoke-type permanent magnet vernier machines(ST-PMVMs)have the merit of high torque density,where an extra torque amplification coefficient,i.e.,pole ratio(the pole-pair ratio of PMs to armature windings)is introduced.However,different from surface-mounted PMVM,the variation of torque against pole ratio in ST-PMVMs is non-linear,which is increased at first and then decreased.This article is devoted to identify the optimal pole ratio of ST-PMVMs by equivalent magnetic circuit model.It is found that except the Prth air-gap magnetomotive force(MMF)harmonic having the same pole-pair of PM,the Path air-gap MMF harmonic having the same pole-pair of armature winding is also induced due to the modulation of doubly salient air-gap structure.The Prth MMF harmonic produces positive torque,while Path MMF harmonic produces negative torque.With the increase of pole ratio,the proportion of Path MMF harmonic as well as negative torque is increased,which reduces the advantages of high pole ratio coefficient.Further,the influence of dimension parameters on the performance of ST-PMVMs under different pole ratio are investigated.Results show that ST-PMVMs with pole ratio 2.6 have high torque density,low cogging torque and high power factor simultaneously.Finally,a prototype is manufactured to validate the analysis.

不同槽配比下绕线式无刷双馈电机性能对比研究

无刷双馈电机由于结构简单、可靠性高、变频器容量小等优点在恒频变速发电领域受到广泛关注,其定转子的槽数配比对电机性能与振动具有一定程度的影响。为探究这一问题,该文以绕线式无刷双馈电机定转子磁势分析为基础,推导不同槽配合的电磁力波对比以及槽配合对电机性能的影响,给出3种符合要求的槽配比方案,计算出各方案转子绕组谐波,并进行对比分析;利用有限元法对48/36槽、42/36槽与36/30槽3种方案在相同要求下的负载性能进行研究,导出定子齿部电磁力,对电机进行振动响应分析对比;最后,通过样机试验,验证有限元仿真的正确性,同时试验结果也证明所选槽配合下电机具有振动形变量小、转子电流小、系统输出电压和效率高、饱和程度低等优点。

基于槽极比选择的切向永磁同步电机永磁体涡流损耗抑制措施

为抑制切向永磁同步电机的永磁体涡流损耗,基于麦克斯韦方程和本构方程,对永磁体形状进行近似假设,构建了永磁体涡流损耗的估算模型。使用一种基于卡特系数概念的磁导函数来估算由于定子开槽引起的槽下磁感应强度变化。基于五台槽极比分别为1.05、1.20、1.30、2.40和3.60的电机设计方案对理论分析结论进行了验证。在负载电流和两倍负载电流下,分析永磁体损耗,得到了每台电机的径向气隙磁密曲线及其谐波含量。考虑到增加槽极比对定子铁耗和永磁体涡流损耗的削弱效果,给出了电机槽极比选择策略。研究结果表明,增加槽极比能减弱定子槽下磁感应强度变化,从而抑制气隙磁场中低次谐波含量,减小永磁体涡流损耗,使电机运行更加可靠,但也会引入更多高次谐波,从而增加定子铁耗。

轮毂电机驱动车轮不平衡电磁力分析

为分析电机齿槽形状、极对数和不同类型的偏心等因素对轮毂电机不平衡电磁力的影响,对表贴式外转子永磁同步轮毂电机建立有限元模型,基于电磁仿真,得到气隙处磁场密度图像。研究结果表明:电机齿槽的开口尺寸、齿槽的对称程度以及齿槽是否采用圆角均会影响不平衡电磁力数值;极对数的改变显著影响电机整体磁场密度的分布,随着极对数的增加,气隙磁场密度显著增大,不平衡电磁力呈类指数级增大且分布更均匀;不同类型的偏心均会导致电机不平衡电磁力的增加,其中在动偏心和混合偏心下不平衡力产生复杂谐波,其基波周期增大的倍数均与极对数呈现相关性。

基于逆全极点滤波器的高频PWM噪声整形方法

高频开关功率放大器具有高功率、低纹波、高响应的优点,是高加速、高精度定位系统的核心部件。为了解决高频PWM中开关频率与占空比分辨率的矛盾,该文分析调制中噪声整形的基本原理,采用误差反馈结构提取PWM量化噪声进行数字整形,阐述噪声整形滤波器设计约束条件。提出通过逆全极点无限脉冲响应(IIR)滤波器获得有限脉冲响应(FIR)噪声整形滤波器的简明设计方法,仿真及实验表明,该文提出的方法可利用低阶FIR整形滤波器获得平坦的通带和高整形衰减。在不足9位的PWM中,4阶的FIR噪声整形滤波器能够恢复调制信号在10 kHz频段内约40 dB的信噪比损失。

单孔双窄缝消能工收缩比对水力特性影响研究

单孔双窄缝消能工在高水头、大流量、窄河谷的水利工程中具有一定的推广价值,但在应用过程中发现中墩迎水面容易受水流冲击而破损,而收缩比对此现象和消能效果影响较大。采用TruVOF方法及RNG k-ε紊流模型进行三维数值模拟,研究在不同来流Fr数下收缩比对水舌流态、消能率、河床底板及挑坎收缩段压力分布变化规律的影响。结果表明:数值模拟与物理模型试验结果基本吻合,可通过调整收缩比β获得合适的高坎中墩水深来减弱高速水流对中墩迎水面的冲击;当β=0.3时,下游河床底板峰值压力P_(max)最小,且峰值压力核心区与传统窄缝相比前移60 m;β<0.3时,P max随着β的减小反而开始增大,而消能率随之减小,同时在挑坎收缩段中部附近位置出现冲击波交汇点,且流道内各断面中线压力沿水深分布在压力最大值前后其规律不同,与宽尾墩类似。虽然来流Fr数对分流比影响较小,但当2.43<Fr<2.82时,各体型方案的分流比k q增大幅度较大,导致双窄缝体型河床底板压力变化幅度较明显。

阿根廷基什内尔总统水电站发电机性能参数及结构特点

阿根廷基什内尔总统水电站装设5台额定功率为190 MW的混流式水轮发电机组,在电力系统中承担发电、调峰和调相功能,是“一带一路”在南美地区的标志性工程。国外咨询工程师对水轮发电机的频率变化范围、额定电压和槽电流、短路比和纵轴同步电抗、冷却方式、消防方案等技术参数和结构要求与国内标准和习惯不同,通过比较分析相关国内外标准规范和类似水电站发电机参数水平,对水轮发电机性能参数和结构特点进行总结和概括,供类似水电站发电机选型和设计参考。

双层IPMSM转子结构优化对齿槽转矩的影响

为了降低双层内置式永磁同步电动机(IPMSM)中齿槽转矩对电动机稳定运行的不利影响,提出了将分段磁极和转子开对称辅助槽相结合的方法。首先,基于齿槽转矩的原理,利用有限元软件Maxwell建立8极12槽车用内置式永磁同步电动机(IPMSM)模型;其次,比较电动机在分段磁极前后的齿槽转矩,并对转子表面开辅助槽的各参数逐一进行仿真,通过双变量同时参数化的方法验证辅助槽参数的选择;最后,对比优化前后电动机各性能参数。结果表明:均匀分段磁极和开对称辅助槽2种方案叠加是可行的,在确保电动机性能良好的同时使齿槽转矩削弱了77.72%。

极槽配合对表贴式交流永磁同步电机齿槽转矩的影响分析

齿槽转矩是一种特殊的转矩,它是由永磁体和定子齿槽之间的相互作用引起的。在电机运行时,齿槽转矩会对电机的效率和稳定性产生负面影响,导致电机振动和噪音增加。本文采用能量法和有限元仿真分析不同极槽配合对电机齿槽转矩的影响,通过优化极槽配合数和磁极偏心距离,有效降低了齿槽转矩,并将仿真结果与样机测试数据进行了对比,证实了优化方案的可行性。研究结果表明,合理选取极槽配合并结合磁极偏心的方法可以有效减小齿槽扭矩,提高电机的性能和稳定性。因此,该研究对于优化电机性能和稳定性具有重要意义。

动量比对单排槽针栓喷注器雾化特性的影响

为了获得单排槽气液针栓喷注器的破碎过程和雾化特性,通过试验和数值仿真方法研究了不同动量比下的破碎变形过程、雾场浓度和粒径分布。结果表明,径向液束在轴向气膜的剪切作用下发生变形和破碎,穿透深度和破碎长度均随着动量比的提高而增大;雾场中心的浓度随动量比提高而降低,使得雾场中心接近空心;随着局部动量比的提高,液滴粒径的最大值逐渐增大,液滴粒径的最小值逐渐减小,液滴的粒径范围逐渐拓宽;雾场液体浓度和粒径沿周向分布有相邻喷注单元之间明显的分区特征。

一种抑制力矩电机转矩波动的极槽数选用方法

低转矩波动是力矩电机实现高精度、精细化伺服动作的前提。反电动势高次谐波是引起转矩波动因素之一,推导了正弦波驱动力矩电机极槽数与反电动势高次谐波的关系,通过极槽数选用来减少反电动势高次谐波含量从而实现降低转矩波动。样机试验表明,选用可消除5次谐波的极槽组合可有效降低转矩波动。

某大极孔比复合材料壳体结构设计及承压力学特性研究

通过开展某大极孔比固体火箭发动机复合材料壳体结构设计及水压试验研究,探究了其在内压载荷作用下的力学行为。采用CADWind进行缠绕线型规划及铺层设计,实现壳体的高保真有限元建模,根据复合材料渐进损伤原理(特性)分析了壳体承压性能,揭示了壳体大极孔端的失效机理,并通过水压爆破试验验证计算模型的准确性。结果表明,通过CADWind进行线型、铺层设计能有效支撑大极孔比壳体缠绕成型,壳体的铺层厚度、角度输出数据与实物更加吻合,可进一步提高有限元建模精度;其次,基于Hashin失效判据的渐进损伤失效分析方法实现了壳体的破坏位置、失效模式以及爆破压强的准确预测;最终,壳体计算爆破压强20.3 MPa,试验爆压19.5 MPa,计算误差4.6%,筒段应变计算结果与实测值基本吻合。

14极12槽定子模块化永磁电机的性能分析

永磁电机的定子模块化结构有利于大型电机的制造、运输、组装和维护,对于可模块化且极数多于槽数的电机,定子模块化结构还能提高电机的部分性能。利用有限元软件分析了定子模块化结构对14极12槽永磁电机性能的影响,结果表明,模块化结构对定子磁密、转矩和损耗等参数有影响,可利用合适的模块间隙宽度来提高电机负载转矩并降低转矩脉动。

基于多空气槽新V型转子超高效NVRPM优化设计

依据指标优化设计一款额定功率22 kW、额定转速3000 r/min的压缩机用内置新V型转子永磁同步电机(NVRPM)。由于V型结构永磁电机较多的永磁体块数造成转子极间漏磁增大,以及气隙磁场含有较大的谐波分量易导致损耗增加、效率降低,在初始V型转子上进行3处结构的优化设计:转子面上添加多空气槽;余弦型非均匀气隙;转子分段斜极式。通过有限元仿真NVRPM的电磁特性,并且计算最佳斜极角、分析非均匀气隙中余弦函数的幅值,证明优化后新电机能够减少损耗22.6%、削弱齿槽转矩98.2%、降低转矩波动11.7%。另外,试制实验样机并测试效率高达96.32%且运行区域宽广高效。因此NVRPM的优化设计具有实践性,适合压缩机生产使用。

Design and Implementation of Step-Constant Tapered Slot Antennas for UWB Application

This paper presents the analytical design and high performance of step-constant tapered slot antenna (STSA) for ultra-wideband application. The return loss, radiation pattern, antenna gain, and level of cross polarization of this antenna are presented and analyzed. Utilizing Rogers (RO3006) substrate having a relative permittivity of 6.15, the proposed antenna provides the ultra-wideband (UWB) from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. It is observed that the return loss and gain are increased with increasing the step size. It has been observed from the simulation results incorporating CST microwave studio commercial software version 2015, the optimum return loss, directivity and gain are ?43 dB, 10.52 dBi and 10.20 dB, respectively, for 15 step size. Therefore, the newly proposed antenna will be a decent candidate for ultra-wideband application.

Design of an Asymmetric Rotor Pole for Wound Field Synchronous Machines

This study proposes a novel asymmetric rotor pole design for wound field synchronous machines(WFSMs),which can achieve high saliency ratio and also low torque ripple.The key point is the optimal design of the asymmetric rotor pole with the inverse-cosine-shaped(ICS)plus reverse 3rd harmonic shaping.The asymmetric rotor pole can help to improve the average output torque by enhancing the saliency ratio.The reverse 3rd harmonic shaping on the rotor pole surface is mainly used to reduce the torque ripple.To certify the effectivity of the proposed design,three-phase 54-slot/6-pole 4.7kW WFSMs with uniform air gap and with non-uniform air gap shaped by the ICS plus optimum reverse 3rd harmonic are utilized as the basic model and referenced model for comparison.For the referenced model,the optimum amplitude of reverse 3rd harmonic is preferred as 1/6.Finally,all electromagnetic characteristics of the investigated machines are predicted by the finite-element method(FEM).The highest saliency ratio and comparatively low torque ripple have been verified.