Asymptotic solutions of the flow of a Johnson-Segalman fluid through a slowly varying pipe using double perturbation strategy

A double perturbation strategy is presented to solve the asymptotic solutions of a Johnson-Segalman （J-S） fluid through a slowly varying pipe. First, a small parameter of the slowly varying angle is taken as the small perturbation parameter, and then the second-order asymptotic solution of the flow of a Newtonian fluid through a slowly varying pipe is obtained in the first perturbation strategy. Second, the viscoelastic parameter is selected as the small perturbation parameter in the second perturbation strategy to solve the asymptotic solution of the flow of a J-S fluid through a slowly varying pipe. Finally, the parameter effects, including the axial distance, the slowly varying angle, and the Reynolds number, on the velocity distributions are analyzed. The results show that the increases in both the axial distance and the slowly varying angle make the axial velocity slow down. However, the radial velocity increases with the slowly varying angle, and decreases with the axial distance. There are two special positions in the distribution curves of the axial velocity and the radial velocity with different Reynolds numbers, and there are different trends on both sides of the special positions. The double perturbation strategy is applicable to such problems with the flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through a slowly varying pipe.

Hybrid Estimation of State and Input for Linear Discrete Time-varying Systems： A Game Theory Approach

为线性分离变化时间的系统的 H 混合评价问题在这份报纸被调查，在估计的信号是状态和输入的线性联合的地方。设计目的从骚乱要求最坏的精力获得到是的评价错误不到规定水平。混合评价问题的最佳的答案是僵绳点一二播放器零和微分游戏。根据微分比赛途径，为混合评价问题的必要、足够的可解决的条件以一个 Riccati 微分方程的答案被提供。而且，如果可解决的条件满足，一个可能的评估者被建议。评估者被印射矩阵的一个获得矩阵和产量描绘，在后者反映在未知输入和输出评价错误之间的内部关系的地方。最后，一个数字例子被提供说明建议途径。

Hybrid Estimation of State and Input for Linear Continuous Time-varying Systems:A Game Theory Approach

The H∞ hybrid estimation problem for linear continuous time-varying systems is in-vestigated in this paper, where estimated signals are linear combination of state and input. Designobjective requires the worst-case energy gain from disturbance to estimation error be less than a pre-scribed level. Optimal solution of the hybrid estimation problem is the saddle point of a two-playerzero sum di?erential game. Based on the di?erential game approach, necessary and su?cient solvableconditions for the hybrid estimation problem are provided in terms of solutions to a Riccati di?e-rential equation. Moreover, one possible estimator is proposed if the solvable conditions are satisfied.The estimator is characterized by a gain matrix and an output mapping matrix that re?ects theinternal relations between the unknown input and output estimation error. Both state and unknowninputs estimation are realized by the proposed estimator. Thus, the results in this paper are alsocapable of dealing with fault diagnosis problems of linear time-varying systems. At last, a numericalexample is provided to illustrate the proposed approach.

Stabilization of Slowly Varying Switched Linear Systems

The stabilization problem of systems that switch among a finite set of slowly varying linear systems with arbitrary switching frequency is discussed.It is shown that if the entries of the pointwise stabilizing feedback gain matrix are continuously differentiable functions of the entries of the system coefficient matrices,then the closed-loop system is uniformly asymptotically stable if the rate of time variation of the system coefficient matrices is sufficiently small.

Evolution of Asian Summer Monsoon and the Slowly Varying Disturbances

The evolution of Asian summer monsoon is analyzed by means of decomposition of the atmospheric circulationinto basic current and slowly varying monsoon disturbances. It is seen that the major slowly varying disturbances aretwo vortical couples, one located in the indian Ocean and indian Peninsula, and another in the Northern Hemisphericwestern Pacific Ocean and the East Asia. This indicates that the Asian summer monsoon consists of two branches, theIndian monsoon and the East Asian monsoon. Moreover, the analysis shows that the evolutionary processes of thesetwo vortical couples are rather independent each other, and they all can be qualitatively interpreted by the dynamicaltheory of wave packet. The different stages of summer monsoon can be very well characterized by the location and in-tensity of the two vortical couples. Besides, in particular years there exists also some quasistationary wave train andits characteristics should be further analyzed.

Forced solitary Rossby waves under the influence of slowly varying topography with time

By using a weakly nonlinear and perturbation method, the generalized inhomogeneous Korteweg de Vries （KdV）- Burgers equation is derived, which governs the evolution of the amplitude of Rossby waves under the influence of dissipation and slowly varying topography with time. The analysis indicates that dissipation and slowly varying topography with time are important factors in causing variation in the mass and energy of solitary waves.

ON THE ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTIONS FOR A CLASS OF SECOND ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH SLOWLY VARYING COEFFICIENTS

In this paper we study the asymptotic expansions of the solutions for a class of second order ordinary differential equations with slowly varying coefficients. The defect of the known works on these problems is noted, and the results in [1 - 4] are improved and extended by means of the modified method of multiple scales.

QUASI-PERIODIC WAVES AND QUASI-SOLITARY WAVES IN STRATIFIED FLUID OF SLOWLY VARYING DEPTH

The nonlinear waves in a stratified fluid of slowly varying depth are investigated in this paper.The model considered here consists of a two-layer incompressible constant-density inviscid fluid confined by a slightly uneven bottom and a horizontal rigid wall.The Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation with varying coefficients is derived with the aid of the reductive perturbation method.By using the method of multiple scales,the approximate solutions of this equation are obtained.It is found that the unevenness of bottom may lead to the generation of socalled quasi-periodic waves and quasi-solitary waves,whose periods,propagation velocities and wave profiles vary slowly.The relations of the period of quasi-periodic waves and of the amplitude,propagation velocity of quasi-solitary waves varying with the depth of fluid are also presented.The models with two horizontal rigid walls or single-layer fluid can be regarded as particular cases of those in this paper.

考虑工作点时变特性的并网变流器全工作区间稳定性分析

现有工程运行数据显示,并网变流器(grid-connected converter,GCC)的动态特性与工作点密切相关。受新能源出力波动、负载投切等外部因素的影响,变流器工作点呈现随机时变特性。因此,分析整个工作区间中所有工作点的系统稳定性具有重要意义。传统阻抗/导纳分析方法可以有效分析GCC运行于特定工作点时的稳定性,但考虑系统所有可能工作点时则需重复分析,工作量大且难度较高。为解决这一难题,提出一种考虑工作点变量的多元建模方法。将工作点变量引入导纳模型,通过控制环路重构,建立GCC的多变量单输入单输出(single input single output,SISO)模型。所提模型直接包含工作点变量,因此可以有效分析变流器全工作区间动态特性。此外,综合考虑变流器最大传输限制和动态特性,提出一种基于安全运行域的稳定性分析方法,以实现多维工作区间中系统稳定性的直观表征。仿真和实验验证了所提多变量SISO模型和基于安全运行域的分析方法的正确性。所提模型和方法在分析电力电子装置运行极限、指导变流器设计和辅助功率器件发挥极限性能等工程场景中具有广泛应用潜力。

基于三步迭代滤波器的缓变型时间同步攻击防护方案

针对卫星接收机可能遭受转发式欺骗干扰而造成缓变型时间同步攻击的情形,提出了基于三步迭代滤波器的攻击防护方案.该方案首先引入缓变型时间同步攻击模型和缓变型时间同步攻击感知模型,并利用三步迭代滤波器估计缓变型时间同步攻击感知模型的时钟偏差与时钟漂移,最后依据构建的纠偏模型对钟差与钟漂进行校正.仿真实验结果表明,该方案能在1 s内及时检测出缓变型时间同步攻击,并进行有效抑制,有效降低时间同步攻击对授时精度的影响.

基于最小势能原理的双渐开线齿轮载荷分布研究

双渐开线齿轮接触线上的载荷非均匀分布,使得载荷计算困难。采用现有的方法或过于简化导致精度不足,或过于复杂使得计算量大、耗时长,并不适用于双渐开线齿轮载荷分布研究。为此,将双渐开线齿轮接触线等分为若干段,建立了双渐开线齿轮载荷分布模型,综合有限元法对轮齿载荷分布进行了研究。首先,根据双渐开线齿轮的啮合特点,求解了时变接触线,将每一啮合时刻下的齿轮接触线“分段”;然后,基于最小势能原理,建立了双渐开线齿轮的载荷分布模型,综合有限元法对齿轮轮齿载荷分布进行了研究;最后,对双渐开线齿轮与普通渐开线齿轮的载荷分布进行了对比分析,并研究了输入扭矩、齿宽对双渐开线齿轮轮齿载荷分布的影响。研究结果表明:载荷分布模型与有限元仿真结果之间的误差在10%之内,载荷分布模型合理可靠;双渐开线齿轮沿接触线方向载荷分布不均匀,节线附近载荷值最大;同参数、同工况下的双渐开线齿轮载荷波动幅度小于普通渐开线齿轮;输入扭矩增加,双渐开线齿轮节线附近载荷分布发生突变;齿宽增加,双渐开线齿轮沿接触线载荷分布不均匀程度增加。

输入饱和下水面舰艇的时变编队控制

在多艘水面舰艇编队控制中,为了弥补较强的不确定性,并降低控制器对系统信号的测量负担,提出水面舰艇编队的时变控制设计方案。首先,通过引入光滑函数来处理饱和约束,同时通过构造含有时变增益的状态变换,将原系统的跟踪控制问题转化为一个新的时变系统的镇定问题。然后,结合向量反推控制设计方法,给出时变反馈控制器的显式形式,保证闭环系统所有信号都有界且所有跟随船以期望的时变编队队形渐近跟踪到领导船。最后,仿真算例验证理论结果的有效性。

Time-varying Sliding Mode Controls in Rigid Spacecraft Attitude Tracking

To solve the problem of attitude tracking of a rigid spacecraft with an either known or measurable desired attitude trajectory, three types of time-varying sliding mode controls are introduced under consideration of control input constraints. The sliding surfaces of the three types initially pass arbitrary initial values of the system, and then shift or rotate to reach predetermined ones. This way, the system trajectories are always on the sliding surfaces, and the system work is guaranteed to have robustness against parameter uncertainty and external disturbances all the time. The controller parameters are optimized by means of genetic algorithm to minimize the index consisting of the weighted index of squared error （ISE） of the system and the weighted penalty term of violation of control input constraint. The stability is verified with Lyapunov method. Compared with the conventional sliding mode control, simulation results show the proposed algorithm having better robustness against inertia matrix uncertainty and external disturbance torques.

Robust Adaptive Attitude Control for Non-rigid Spacecraft With Quantized Control Input

In this paper,an adaptive backstepping control scheme is proposed for attitude tracking of non-rigid spacecraft in the presence of input quantization,inertial uncertainty and external disturbance.TThe control signal for each actuator is quantized by sector-bounded quantizers,including the logarithmic quantizer and the hysteresis quantizer.By describing the impact of quantization in a new affine model and introducing a smooth function and a novel form of the control signal,the influence caused by input quantization and external disturbance is properly compensated for.Moreover,with the aid of the adaptive control technique,our approach can achieve attitude tracking without the explicit knowledge of inertial parameters.Unlike existing attitude control schemes for spacecraft,in this paper,the quantization parameters can be unknown,and the bounds of inertial parameters and disturbance are also not needed.In addition to proving the stability of the closed-loop system,the relationship between the control performance and design parameters is analyzed.Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

PENDULUM WITH LINEAR DAMPING AND VARIABLE LENGTH

The methods of multiple scales and approximate potential are used to study pendulums with linear damping and variable length. According to the order of the coefficient of friction compared with that of the slowly varying parameter of length, three different cases are discussed in details. Asymptotic analytical expressions of amplitude, frequency and solution are obtained. The method of approximate potential makes the results effective for large oscillations. A modified multiple scales method is used to get more accurate leading order approximations when the coefficient friction is not small. Comparisons are also made with numerical results to show the efficiency of the present method.

中国主要旱作粮食耕地土壤钾素的时空演变特征

以小麦和玉米等旱作粮食为主的旱地是我国重要的耕地类型,其对国家粮食安全和稳定发挥着极其重要的作用。基于全国耕地质量监测数据库,分析了1988—2007年和2008—2018年间全国及不同区域主要旱作粮食耕地的钾肥投入量、土壤速效钾和缓效钾的时空演变规律,并探讨了土壤速效钾与缓效钾的量化关系。结果表明,1988—2018年全国主要旱作粮食耕地的化肥钾、秸秆钾和总钾的年均投入量(K2O)均保持在较为稳定的水平,年均投入量分别为125 kg·hm–2·a^(–1)、148 kg·hm^(–2)·a^(–1)和273 kg·hm^(–2)·a^(–1)。在不同区域间均呈现出华北和东北的钾肥投入量显著高于其他区域的趋势。与1988—2007年相比,2008—2018年东北、华北、华东和西南的总钾年均投入量增加了4.22%~23.8%,而西北则略有降低。在1988—2018年,全国主要旱作粮食耕地土壤速效钾和缓效钾分别为139 mg·kg^(–1)和665 mg·kg^(–1),与1988—2007年相比,2008—2018年的土壤速效钾和缓效钾分别提高了15.1%和6.72%。在不同区域间,土壤速效钾以西北和东北较高(大于150 mg·kg^(–1)),而华北和华东较低(136~149 mg·kg^(–1)),西南最低(116 mg·kg^(–1)),与1988—2007年相比,2008—2018年华北、华东、西北和西南的土壤速效钾分别提高了15.7%、17.7%、4.16%和34.5%,土壤缓效钾分别增加了8.95%、2.15%、5.71%和4.19%,而东北则略有降低。线性方程表明,随着土壤速效钾的提高,2008—2018年土壤缓效钾的增加量(14.2 mg·kg^(–1))明显高于1988—2007年(7.23 mg·kg^(–1)),同时,不同区域间的拟合方程也表明,随着土壤速效钾的增加,1988—2018年东北、华东和西北的土壤缓效钾增加量明显高于华北。因此,在全国耕地质量监测平台上,与1988—2007年相比,2008—2018年全国和大部分区域主要旱作粮食耕地的土壤速效钾和缓效钾均显著增加。土壤速效钾与缓效钾的线性关系为快速估算缓效钾含量提供了技术参考,但不同试验阶段和区域内拟合方程存在差异,建议不同区域应因地制宜,综合土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量精准划分土壤供钾能力等级,从而为实现藏钾于地的目标奠定基础。

Ergodicity and Invariance of Flows in Queuing Systems

In this paper, we investigate the flow of customers through queuing systems with randomly varying intensities. The analysis of the Kolmogorov-Chapman system of stationary equations for this model showed that it is not possible to construct a convenient symbolic solution. In this paper an attempt is made to circumvent this requirement by referring to the ergodicity theorems, which gives the conditions for the existence of the limit distribution in the service processes, but do not require knowledge of them.

时变MIMO通信系统中基于CNN的改进LS信道估计

为了实现无线通信智能化,本文针对时变大规模多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)毫米波通信系统的信道估计进行研究。在通信系统中采用时变的Saleh-Valenzuela信道模型描述信道,该模型通过对信道的复增益引入马尔可夫过程来体现信道的时变性,可以更加精确地描述毫米波信道。针对传统的信道估计算法存在迭代次数多、收敛速度慢、计算量大等问题,本文提出一种基于卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)的改进最小二乘(least square,LS)信道估计算法,该算法在对接收导频信号进行LS算法处理后,再将LS信道估计值输入到搭建好的卷积神经网络模型中进行处理,对时变的信道信息进行降噪和特征提取,实现对时变的Saleh-Valenzuela信道的高精度估计。该算法相较于传统的信道估计算法具有迭代次数少、速度快等优点,可以对相干时间内的时变MIMO信道进行高精度估计,实现信道估计精度的大幅度提升。

变化信道稀疏度的CSI反馈方法

在大规模多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output,MIMO)系统中,压缩感知(compressed sensing,CS)技术常用于具有稀疏特性的信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)反馈。针对CS重构时信道稀疏度通常未知的问题,基于深度展开技术提出了一种变化信道稀疏度的CSI反馈方法(a CSI-feedback method for varying channel sparsity,AVCS)。AVCS将信道稀疏度作为训练参数,学习得到通用的网络架构。随着天线数量增大导致信道(矩阵)维度激增,学习网络所得的相互抑制矩阵会呈现二次增长问题,AVCS利用相互抑制矩阵托普利兹(Toeplitz)特性设计了降维卷积网络,解决CSI反馈时的计算复杂度问题。仿真结果表明,所提方法提高了在大规模MIMO系统下CSI重构的适用性,减少了反馈开销且对信道稀疏度具有鲁棒性。

慢变参数激励Duffing系统中的延迟分岔现象及其诱发的簇发振荡

研究了慢变参数激励下Duffing系统的动力学行为.由于慢变参数激励可以周期性地穿越叉型分岔点,周期性的延迟分岔行为可能会发生.探讨了延迟分岔的动力学特性,尤其是基于此产生的簇发振荡.指出了延迟分岔现象所形成的稳定慢流形之间的滞后环是系统中可以观测到簇发振荡主要原因.此外,还分析了初始时间对延迟行为的延迟时间的影响.研究表明,首次延迟行为依赖于系统的初值.但是,随后发生的延迟现象与系统初值无关.